Production of live bait-shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) in cages at varying stocking densities
Keywords:
bait, shrimp, cage, Farfantepenaeus paulensis, stocking densityAbstract
In Brazil’s southern and southeastern coast, sport fisheries have a large demand for live bait-shrimp that is usually not met by local fishermen. The production of 4-5 g shrimp in cages may therefore provide a promising alternative to fill this gap. Unfortunately, studies defining adequate management guidelines for the production of live bait-shrimp in cages are not yet available. In this study, the influence of stocking density on the survival, growth and food conversion ratio (FCR) of the shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis reared in cages was evaluated. The trial lasted 42 days and assessed three stocking densities (50, 100 and 200/m2) of F. paulensis juveniles (mean initial weight of 1.04 g). Final survival and weight of shrimp reared at 50, 100 and 200/m2 were 94.1, 94.6 and 59.2%, and 6.0, 5.0 and 4.3 g, respectively. Survival and final weight of shrimp were negatively related to density. FCR was not significantly different between treatments but tended to increase at higher densities. The present results indicate that the production of F. paulensis in cages is feasible at all densities tested, but as rearing 200/m² will produce a larger number of bait-sized juveniles. This stocking density may be recommended when a rearing site presenting optimal environmental conditions is available. The production of live bait-shrimp in cages may become an interesting source of income for artisanal fishermen and farmers living near estuarine areas in Brazil and elsewhere.
References
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ABREU, P.C.; BALLESTER, E.C.; ODEBRECHT,C.; WASIELESKY, W.; CAVALLI, R.O.;
GRANÉLI, W.; ANESIO, A.M. 2007 Importance of biofilm as food source for shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) evaluated by stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N). J. Exp.
Mar. Biol., Amsterdam, 347: 88í 96.
ARAVINDAKSHAN, P.N.; PAULINOSE, V.T.;BALASUBRAMANIAN, T.; MENON, P.G.;
KRISHNANKUTTY, M. 1980 On the growth of Penaeus indicus experimented in cages at different densities in a selected nursery ground.In: SYMPOSIUM ON COASTAL
AQUACULTURE, Cochin, India. June 1980.Proceedings… v. 1. p. 398-402.
BALLESTER, E.C.; WASIELESKY, W.; CAVALLI,R.O.; SANTOS, M.H.S.; ABREU, P.C. 2003
Influência do biofilme no crescimento de juvenis do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus
paulensis cultivados em sistemas de berçário.Atlí¢ntica, Rio Grande, 25: 117-122.
BOYD, C.E. 1990 Water quality in warm water fish ponds. Alabama: Auburn University. 366p.
CAVALLI, R.O. e WASIELESKY, W.J. 2003 Production of Farfantepenaeus paulensis as bait shrimp in cages: the influence of stocking density. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Salvador,Brazil. 1-4/may/2003. Proceedings…v.1. p. 164.
CAVALLI, R.O.; WASIELESKY, W.J.; PEIXOTO,S.; SANTOS, M.H.S.; POERSCH, L.H.;
SOARES, R. 2008 Shrimp farming as an alternative for artisanal fishermen communities: the case of Patos Lagoon, Brazil. Brazilian Arc.Biol. Tech., Curitiba , 51(5): 991-1001.
COMAN, G.J.; CROCOS, P.J.; PRESTON, P.J.;FIELDER, D. 2004 The effects of density on
the growth and survival of different families of juvenile Penaeus japonicus Bate. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 229: 215-223.
CORLETO, F.; CAVALLI, R.O.; MARCHIORI,M.A. 1993 Crescimento de pós-larvas de
Penaeus paulensis, Pérez-Farfante, 1967 em diferentes salinidades In: ZIMMERMANN, S. (Ed.), IV Encontro Rio-Grandense de Técnico sem Aqüicultura, Porto Alegre, 03-05/Jun/1993. Proceedings... v.1 p.13-23.
COSTA, S.W.; ANDREATTA, E.R.; WESTPHAL,S.; OLIVEIRA, J.G. 2000 Cultivo do camarão
Litopenaeus vannamei em tanques-rede com diferentes densidades de cultivo em lagoas costeiras de Santa Catarina í Brasil. In:ABRAq (Ed.), Simpósio Brasileiro de
Aqüicultura, 11, Florianópolis, Oct/2000.Proceedings… v.1 p. 35-40.
DALL, W.; HILL, B.J.; ROTHLISBERG, P.C.;STAPLES, D.J. 1990 The Biology of the
Penaeidae. Advances in Marine Biology. London:Academic Press. 489p.
D’INCAO, F. 1984 Estudo sobre o crescimento de Penaeus (Farfantepenaeus) paulensis PérezFarfante, 1967 da Lagoa dos Patos, RS, Brasil.Atlí¢ntica, Rio Grande, 1: 73-84.
HENNIG, O.L. e ANDREATTA, E.R. 1998 Effect of temperature in an intensive nursery system for Penaeus paulensis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 164: 167-172.
IWAI, M. 1978 Desenvolvimento larval e pós-larval de Penaeus (Melicertus) paulensis Pérez-Farfante,1967 (Crustacea, Decapoda) e o ciclo de vida dos camarões do gênero Penaeus da região centro-sul do Brasil. São Paulo, 137 p (Ph.D. Thesis in Sciences - Zoology, USP).
LOMBARDI, J.V.; MARQUES, H.L.A.; GELLI,V.C.; RODRIGUES, V.C.S.; FILHO, L.R.A.
2003 Rearing the brazilian pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis in floating cages:
nursery phase. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Salvador, Brazil. 1-4/may/2003. Proceedings…v.1. p. 426.
MARTINEZ-CÓRDOVA, L.R. 1988 Culture of blue shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris) in floating cages. Progres. Fish. Cult., Bethesda, 50: 39-41.
McKEE, D.A.; LAWRENCE, A.L.; GRIFFIN, W.L.1989 Stocking strategies and an investment analysis for producing Penaeus setiferus as a live bait-shrimp on the Texas gulf coast. J.World Aquac. Soc., Baton Rouge, 20: 72-80.
OSTRENSKY, A. e PILCHOWSKY, R.W. 2002 Cultivos experimentais de camarões marinhos em tanques-rede no litoral paranaense. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE AQíÅ“ICULTURA, 12, Goií¢nia,24-29/Jun/2002. Proceedings… v.1 p. 256.
OSTRENSKY, A. e WASIELESKY, W.J. 1995 Acute toxicity of ammonia to various life stages of São Paulo shrimp, Penaeus paulensis PérezFarfante, 1967. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 132:339-347.
PAQUOTTE, P.; CHIM, L.; MARTIN, J.L.M.;LEMOS, E.; STERN, M.; TOSTA, G. 1998
Intensive culture of shrimp Penaeus vannamei in cages: zootechnical, economic and
environmental aspects. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 164: 151-166.
PEIXOTO, S.; WASIELESKY, W.J.; LOUZADA,L.J. 2003 Comparative analysis of pink
shrimp, Farfantepenaeus paulensis, and pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, culture in extreme southern Brazil. J. Applied Aquac.,Binghamton, 14: 101-112.
POERSCH, L.H. e MARCHIORI, M.A. 1992 Efeito do oxigênio no camarão rosa Penaeus paulensis Pérez-Farfante, 1967. In: ABRAq (Ed.), SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE AQUICULTURA,7, Peruíbe, 27-30/Oct/1992. Proceedings… v.1p. 115.
PRETO, A.L.; CAVALLI, RO.; PISSETTI, T.L.;ABREU, P.C.; WASIELESKY, W.J. 2005 Effect
of stocking density on the biofilm and the performance of post-larvae of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis in cages. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 35: 1417-1423.
ROUBACH, R.; CORREIA, E.S.; ZAIDEN, S.;MARTINO, R.C.; CAVALLI, R.O. 2003
Aquaculture in Brazil. World Aquac., Baton Rouge, 34: 28-34.
SAMARANAYAKE, R.A.D.B. 1990 Pen culture trials with the tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon in Chilaw Laggon, Sri Lanka. In: Asian Fisheries Society (Ed.), Asian Fisheries Forum,2, Tokyo, Apr/1989. Proceedings… v1 p. 107-108.
SAMOCHA, T.M.; BURKOTT, B.J.; LAWRENCE,A.L.; JUAN, Y.S.; JONES, E.R.; McKEE, D.A.
1998 Management strategies for production of the Atlantic white shrimp Penaeus setiferus as bait shrimp in outdoor ponds. J. World Aquac.Soc., Baton Rouge, 29: 211-220.
SANDIFER, P.A.; HOPKINS, J.S.; STOKES, A.D.1994 Intensive culture potential of Penaeus vannamei. J. World Aquac. Soc., Baton Rouge,18: 94-100.
SINGH, H. e MATTAI, S. 1990 Preliminary observations on the growth and survival of tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) postlarvae in pen-nurseries. In: JAMES, P.S.B.R. (Ed.), National Symposium on Research and Development in Marine Fisheries, Mandapam Camp, India. Proceedings… v.44, 359-363.
SOUZA FILHO, J.; COSTA, S.W.; TUDITA, L.M.;FRIGO, T.B. 2002 Custo de produção do camarão marinho. IPEA (Instituto de Planejamento e Economia Agrícola) and EPAGRI (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Agrícola): Florianópolis. 24p.
TSUZUKI, M.Y.; CAVALLI, R.O.; BIANCHINI, A.2003 Effect of salinity on survival, growth, and oxygen consumption of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Pérez-Farfante,1967). J. Shellf. Res., Southampton, 22: 555-559.
UNESCO 1983 Chemical methods for use in marine environmental monitoring. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. Manual and Guides 12.
VAZ, L.J.; WASIELESKY, W.J.; CAVALLI, R.O.; PEIXOTO, S.; SANTOS, M.H.S.; BALLESTER,
E. 2004 Growth and survival of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) postlarvae in cages and pen enclosures. Scientia Agricola,Piracicaba, 61: 332-335.
WALFORD, J. e LAM, T.J. 1987 Floating hatchery and net cage culture of Penaeus indicus in the Straits of Johore, Singapore. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 22: 11-32.
WASIELESKY, W.J. 2000 Cultivo de juvenis do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Decapoda, Penaeidae) no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos: Efeitos de parí¢metros ambientais e manejo de cultivo. Rio Grande, 199p. (PhDThesis - Biological Oceanography, FURG).
WASIELESKY, W.J.; CAVALLI, R.O.; DOLCI, D.;SILVA, T.M.A. 1995 Crescimento do
camarão-rosa Penaeus paulensis (Crustacea:Decapoda) cultivado em gaiolas e cercados, no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos. In:ZIMMERMANN, S. (Ed.), Encontro RioGrandense de Técnicos em Aquacultura, 3,Ibirubá, 13-15/Oct/1995. Proceedings... v.1, p 14-25.
WASIELESKY, W.J.; POERSCH, L.H.; BIANCHINI,A. 1999 Comparação entre a sobrevivência e o crescimento do camarão rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis cultivado em gaiolas e cercados.Nauplius, São Paulo, 7: 173-177.
ZARAIN-HERZBERG, M.; CAMPA-CÓRDOVA,A.I.; CAVALLI, R.O. 2006 Biological viability
of producing white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in seawater floating cages. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 259: 283-289.
ABREU, P.C.; BALLESTER, E.C.; ODEBRECHT,C.; WASIELESKY, W.; CAVALLI, R.O.;
GRANÉLI, W.; ANESIO, A.M. 2007 Importance of biofilm as food source for shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) evaluated by stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N). J. Exp.
Mar. Biol., Amsterdam, 347: 88í 96.
ARAVINDAKSHAN, P.N.; PAULINOSE, V.T.;BALASUBRAMANIAN, T.; MENON, P.G.;
KRISHNANKUTTY, M. 1980 On the growth of Penaeus indicus experimented in cages at different densities in a selected nursery ground.In: SYMPOSIUM ON COASTAL
AQUACULTURE, Cochin, India. June 1980.Proceedings… v. 1. p. 398-402.
BALLESTER, E.C.; WASIELESKY, W.; CAVALLI,R.O.; SANTOS, M.H.S.; ABREU, P.C. 2003
Influência do biofilme no crescimento de juvenis do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus
paulensis cultivados em sistemas de berçário.Atlí¢ntica, Rio Grande, 25: 117-122.
BOYD, C.E. 1990 Water quality in warm water fish ponds. Alabama: Auburn University. 366p.
CAVALLI, R.O. e WASIELESKY, W.J. 2003 Production of Farfantepenaeus paulensis as bait shrimp in cages: the influence of stocking density. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE
WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Salvador,Brazil. 1-4/may/2003. Proceedings…v.1. p. 164.
CAVALLI, R.O.; WASIELESKY, W.J.; PEIXOTO,S.; SANTOS, M.H.S.; POERSCH, L.H.;
SOARES, R. 2008 Shrimp farming as an alternative for artisanal fishermen communities: the case of Patos Lagoon, Brazil. Brazilian Arc.Biol. Tech., Curitiba , 51(5): 991-1001.
COMAN, G.J.; CROCOS, P.J.; PRESTON, P.J.;FIELDER, D. 2004 The effects of density on
the growth and survival of different families of juvenile Penaeus japonicus Bate. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 229: 215-223.
CORLETO, F.; CAVALLI, R.O.; MARCHIORI,M.A. 1993 Crescimento de pós-larvas de
Penaeus paulensis, Pérez-Farfante, 1967 em diferentes salinidades In: ZIMMERMANN, S. (Ed.), IV Encontro Rio-Grandense de Técnico sem Aqüicultura, Porto Alegre, 03-05/Jun/1993. Proceedings... v.1 p.13-23.
COSTA, S.W.; ANDREATTA, E.R.; WESTPHAL,S.; OLIVEIRA, J.G. 2000 Cultivo do camarão
Litopenaeus vannamei em tanques-rede com diferentes densidades de cultivo em lagoas costeiras de Santa Catarina í Brasil. In:ABRAq (Ed.), Simpósio Brasileiro de
Aqüicultura, 11, Florianópolis, Oct/2000.Proceedings… v.1 p. 35-40.
DALL, W.; HILL, B.J.; ROTHLISBERG, P.C.;STAPLES, D.J. 1990 The Biology of the
Penaeidae. Advances in Marine Biology. London:Academic Press. 489p.
D’INCAO, F. 1984 Estudo sobre o crescimento de Penaeus (Farfantepenaeus) paulensis PérezFarfante, 1967 da Lagoa dos Patos, RS, Brasil.Atlí¢ntica, Rio Grande, 1: 73-84.
HENNIG, O.L. e ANDREATTA, E.R. 1998 Effect of temperature in an intensive nursery system for Penaeus paulensis (Pérez-Farfante, 1967). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 164: 167-172.
IWAI, M. 1978 Desenvolvimento larval e pós-larval de Penaeus (Melicertus) paulensis Pérez-Farfante,1967 (Crustacea, Decapoda) e o ciclo de vida dos camarões do gênero Penaeus da região centro-sul do Brasil. São Paulo, 137 p (Ph.D. Thesis in Sciences - Zoology, USP).
LOMBARDI, J.V.; MARQUES, H.L.A.; GELLI,V.C.; RODRIGUES, V.C.S.; FILHO, L.R.A.
2003 Rearing the brazilian pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis in floating cages:
nursery phase. In: ANNUAL MEETING OF THE WORLD AQUACULTURE SOCIETY, Salvador, Brazil. 1-4/may/2003. Proceedings…v.1. p. 426.
MARTINEZ-CÓRDOVA, L.R. 1988 Culture of blue shrimp (Penaeus stylirostris) in floating cages. Progres. Fish. Cult., Bethesda, 50: 39-41.
McKEE, D.A.; LAWRENCE, A.L.; GRIFFIN, W.L.1989 Stocking strategies and an investment analysis for producing Penaeus setiferus as a live bait-shrimp on the Texas gulf coast. J.World Aquac. Soc., Baton Rouge, 20: 72-80.
OSTRENSKY, A. e PILCHOWSKY, R.W. 2002 Cultivos experimentais de camarões marinhos em tanques-rede no litoral paranaense. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE AQíÅ“ICULTURA, 12, Goií¢nia,24-29/Jun/2002. Proceedings… v.1 p. 256.
OSTRENSKY, A. e WASIELESKY, W.J. 1995 Acute toxicity of ammonia to various life stages of São Paulo shrimp, Penaeus paulensis PérezFarfante, 1967. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 132:339-347.
PAQUOTTE, P.; CHIM, L.; MARTIN, J.L.M.;LEMOS, E.; STERN, M.; TOSTA, G. 1998
Intensive culture of shrimp Penaeus vannamei in cages: zootechnical, economic and
environmental aspects. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 164: 151-166.
PEIXOTO, S.; WASIELESKY, W.J.; LOUZADA,L.J. 2003 Comparative analysis of pink
shrimp, Farfantepenaeus paulensis, and pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, culture in extreme southern Brazil. J. Applied Aquac.,Binghamton, 14: 101-112.
POERSCH, L.H. e MARCHIORI, M.A. 1992 Efeito do oxigênio no camarão rosa Penaeus paulensis Pérez-Farfante, 1967. In: ABRAq (Ed.), SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO DE AQUICULTURA,7, Peruíbe, 27-30/Oct/1992. Proceedings… v.1p. 115.
PRETO, A.L.; CAVALLI, RO.; PISSETTI, T.L.;ABREU, P.C.; WASIELESKY, W.J. 2005 Effect
of stocking density on the biofilm and the performance of post-larvae of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis in cages. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 35: 1417-1423.
ROUBACH, R.; CORREIA, E.S.; ZAIDEN, S.;MARTINO, R.C.; CAVALLI, R.O. 2003
Aquaculture in Brazil. World Aquac., Baton Rouge, 34: 28-34.
SAMARANAYAKE, R.A.D.B. 1990 Pen culture trials with the tiger prawn, Penaeus monodon in Chilaw Laggon, Sri Lanka. In: Asian Fisheries Society (Ed.), Asian Fisheries Forum,2, Tokyo, Apr/1989. Proceedings… v1 p. 107-108.
SAMOCHA, T.M.; BURKOTT, B.J.; LAWRENCE,A.L.; JUAN, Y.S.; JONES, E.R.; McKEE, D.A.
1998 Management strategies for production of the Atlantic white shrimp Penaeus setiferus as bait shrimp in outdoor ponds. J. World Aquac.Soc., Baton Rouge, 29: 211-220.
SANDIFER, P.A.; HOPKINS, J.S.; STOKES, A.D.1994 Intensive culture potential of Penaeus vannamei. J. World Aquac. Soc., Baton Rouge,18: 94-100.
SINGH, H. e MATTAI, S. 1990 Preliminary observations on the growth and survival of tiger prawn (Penaeus monodon Fabricius) postlarvae in pen-nurseries. In: JAMES, P.S.B.R. (Ed.), National Symposium on Research and Development in Marine Fisheries, Mandapam Camp, India. Proceedings… v.44, 359-363.
SOUZA FILHO, J.; COSTA, S.W.; TUDITA, L.M.;FRIGO, T.B. 2002 Custo de produção do camarão marinho. IPEA (Instituto de Planejamento e Economia Agrícola) and EPAGRI (Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária e Extensão Agrícola): Florianópolis. 24p.
TSUZUKI, M.Y.; CAVALLI, R.O.; BIANCHINI, A.2003 Effect of salinity on survival, growth, and oxygen consumption of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Pérez-Farfante,1967). J. Shellf. Res., Southampton, 22: 555-559.
UNESCO 1983 Chemical methods for use in marine environmental monitoring. Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission. Manual and Guides 12.
VAZ, L.J.; WASIELESKY, W.J.; CAVALLI, R.O.; PEIXOTO, S.; SANTOS, M.H.S.; BALLESTER,
E. 2004 Growth and survival of pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) postlarvae in cages and pen enclosures. Scientia Agricola,Piracicaba, 61: 332-335.
WALFORD, J. e LAM, T.J. 1987 Floating hatchery and net cage culture of Penaeus indicus in the Straits of Johore, Singapore. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 22: 11-32.
WASIELESKY, W.J. 2000 Cultivo de juvenis do camarão-rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis (Decapoda, Penaeidae) no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos: Efeitos de parí¢metros ambientais e manejo de cultivo. Rio Grande, 199p. (PhDThesis - Biological Oceanography, FURG).
WASIELESKY, W.J.; CAVALLI, R.O.; DOLCI, D.;SILVA, T.M.A. 1995 Crescimento do
camarão-rosa Penaeus paulensis (Crustacea:Decapoda) cultivado em gaiolas e cercados, no estuário da Lagoa dos Patos. In:ZIMMERMANN, S. (Ed.), Encontro RioGrandense de Técnicos em Aquacultura, 3,Ibirubá, 13-15/Oct/1995. Proceedings... v.1, p 14-25.
WASIELESKY, W.J.; POERSCH, L.H.; BIANCHINI,A. 1999 Comparação entre a sobrevivência e o crescimento do camarão rosa Farfantepenaeus paulensis cultivado em gaiolas e cercados.Nauplius, São Paulo, 7: 173-177.
ZARAIN-HERZBERG, M.; CAMPA-CÓRDOVA,A.I.; CAVALLI, R.O. 2006 Biological viability
of producing white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei in seawater floating cages. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 259: 283-289.
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