Weaning of the common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) early juveniles reared in laboratory using commercial and experimental diets
Keywords:
game fish, specific growth, inert dietAbstract
Laboratory-reared early juveniles (48 days after hatching) of the common snook (Centropomus undecimalis) were fed for 30 days using three different diets in order to evaluate transition from live to inert diet (weaning): 1) an experimental dry diet (46% crude protein), 2) a commercial dry diet (57% crude protein), and 3) only enriched Artemia metanauplii, used as a control group. The fish were placed in 80 L cylindrical tanks (three replicates) equipped with aeration and flow-through water (34 ± 1 salinity), and kept at 26.0 ± 0.5°C. The specific growth rates obtained in treatments 1 (5.62% day-1) and 2 (6.13% day-1) were similar (P = 0.32) and higher than the specific growth rate verified in the control group (3.71% day-1) (P = 0.002). The feed conversion ratio was more efficient with the commercial diet (0.85 ± 0.04) when compared to the experimental diet (1.41 ± 0.15) (P = 0.003). There were no significant differences among the survival rates observed in the different treatments (P = 0.05) with values of 61.00 ± 1.00%, 83.66 ± 5.77% and 77.33 ± 14.57% for experimental, commercial and control diets, respectively. This study demonstrates that the inert diets tested were appropriate for weaning the common snook early juveniles.
References
AGER, L.A.; HAMMOND, D.E.; WARE, F. 1976 Artificial spawning of snook, Centropomus undecimalis. In: ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISH AND WILDLIFE COMMISSIONERS, 10.,Hamburg, oct./1976. Proceedings… p.158í 166.
ALVES Jr., T.; CERQUEIRA, V.R.; BROWN, J.A. 2006 Early weaning of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus, Poey 1864) larvae. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 253: 334-342.
BORBA, M.R. 1997 Efeito da idade e da utilização de compostos sintéticos como atrativos na adaptação da larva do robalo (Centropomus parallelus Poey,1960) ao alimento formulado. Florianópolis. 57p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina).
BRENNAN, N.P.; DARCY, M.C.; LEBER, K.M. 2006 Predator-free enclosures improve post-release survival of stocked common snook. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,Amsterdam, 335: 302-311.
CAHU, C. and ZAMBONINO-INFANTE J. 2007 Substitution of live food by formulated diets in marine fish larvae. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 268:161-180.
CERQUEIRA, V.R. 2010 Cultivo do robalo-peva,Centropomus parallelus. In:
BALDISSEROTTO, B. and GOMES, L.C. Espécies Nativas para Piscicultura no Brasil. Santa Maria: Editora da UFSM. p. 403-431.
CERQUEIRA, V.R. and BERNARDINI, M.E. 1995 The weaning of the fat snook Centropomus parallelus larvae with experimental and commercial artificial diets. In: LARVI’ 95-FISH & SHELLFISH LARVICULTURE SYMPOSIUM, 24., Gent, 3-7/sept./1995.
Proceedings… p. 272-275.
CORRíÅ A, C.F. and CERQUEIRA, V.R. 2007 Effects of stocking density and size distribution on growth, survival and cannibalism in juvenile fat snook (Centropomus parallelus Poey). Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 38:1627-1634.
DEVRESSE, B.; CANDREVA, P.; LÉGERZ, P.;SORGELOOS, P. 1991 A new artificial diet for
the early weaning of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. In: LARVI’ 91-FISH &
CRUSTACEAN LARVICULTURE SYMPOSIUM, 16., Gent, 27-30/aug./1991. Proceedings… p. 178-182.
EDWARDS, R.E. and HENDERSON, B.D. 1987 An experimental hatchery project: studies of propagation, culture and biology of snook (Centropomus undecimalis). In: GULF AND CARIBBEAN FISHERIES INSTITUTE, 38., TroisIslets, Martinique, nov./1985. Proceedings... p.211-221.
GARCIA, A.S. 2001 Influência do nível de proteína da dieta no crescimento e composição corporal de juvenis de robalo-peva Centropomus parallelus Poey,
1860. Florianópolis. 44p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal de Santa
Catarina).
HONCZARYK, A. 1993 Efeito de ingredientes naturais e compostos sintéticos como atrativos para a adaptação da larva do robalo Centropomus parallelus Poey, 1860 (Pisces, Centropomidae), ao alimento inerte. Florianópolis. 75p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina).
KENNEDY, S.B.; TUCKER, J.W.; NEIDIG, C.L.; VERMEER, G.K.; COOPER, V.R.; JARRELL, J.L.;SENNET, D.G. 1998 Bacterial management strategies for stock enhancement of warm water marine fish: a case of study with common snook,Centropomus undecimalis. Bulletin of Marine Science, Miami, 62(2): 573-588.
KJORSVIK, E.; PITTMAN, K.; PAVLOV, D. 2004 From fertilization to the end of metamorphosis - functional development. In: MOKSNESS, E; KJORSVIK, E.; OLSEN, Y. Culture of coldwater marine fish. Oxford: Blackwell Science. p. 204-272
LAU, S.R. and SHAFLAND, P.L. 1982 Larval development of snook, Centropomus undecimalis (Pisces: Centropomidae). Copeia, Lawrence, 3:618-627.
LEE, D.J. and PUTNAM, G.B. 1973 The response of rainbow trout to varying protein/energy rations in a test diet. Journal of Nutrition, Bethesda, 103:916-922.
LEE, G.W.Y. and LITVAK, M.K. 1996 Weaning of metamorphosed winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) reared in the laboratory: comparison of two commercial artificial diets on growth,survival and conversion efficiency. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 144: 251-263.
NEIDIG, C.; SKAPURA, D.P.; GRIER, H.J.; DENNIS,C.W. 2000 Techniques for spawning common snook: broodstock handling, oocyte staging, and egg quality. North American Journal of Aquaculture, Bethesda, 62: 103í 113.
RIVAS, L.R. 1986 Systematic review of perciform fishes of the genus Centropomus. Copeia, Bethesda, 3: 576-611.
ROBERTS Jr., D.E. 1987 Induced maturation and spawning of common snook, Centropomus undecimalis. In: GULF AND CARIBBEAN FISHERIES INSTITUTE, 38., Trois-Islets,Martinique, nov./1985. Proceedings... p. 222-230.
ROSENLUND, G.; STOSS, J.; TALBOT, C. 1997 Cofeeding marine fish larvae with inert and live diets. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 155: 183-191.
SHAFLAND, P.L. and KOEHL, D.H. 1979 Laboratory rearing of the common snook. In:
ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISHERIES AND
WILDLIFE AGENCIES. 33., Hot Springs, 21 -24/oct./1979. Proceedings... p.425-431.
SHIELDS, R.J. 2001 Larviculture of marine finfish in Europe. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 200: 55-88.
SOLIGO, T.A., FERRAZ, E.M.; CERQUEIRA, V.R.;TSUZUKI, M.Y. 2008 Primeira experiência de indução hormonal, desova e larvicultura do robalo-flecha, Centropomus undecimalis no Brasil.In: CYRINO, J.E.P.; SCORVO F., J.D.; SAMPAIO,
L.A.; CAVALLI, R.O. Tópicos Especiais em Biologia Aquática e Aqüicultura. 2ª
, Ed. Jaboticabal:Sociedade Brasileira de Aquicultura e Biologia Aquática. p.143-151.
SOUZA-FILHO, J.J. and CERQUEIRA, V.R. 2003 Influência da densidade de estocagem no cultivo de juvenis de robalo-flecha mantidos em laboratório. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, 38(11): 1317-1322.
SULLIVAN, D.M. and CARPENTER, D.E. 1993 Methods of analysis for nutrition labeling.Arlington: AOAC International. 624p.
TUCKER Jr., J.W. 1987 Snook and tarpon snook culture and preliminary evaluation for
commercial farming. The Progressive FishCulturist, Bethesda, 49: 49í 57.
YANES-ROCA, C. 2006 Husbandry and larval rearing of common snook (Centropomus undecimalis). Stiriling, Scotland. 271p. (PhD. Thesis.Phylosophy Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland). https://dspace.stir.ac.uk /dspace/bitstream/1893/191/1/PhD%20Thesis%20snook%202006.pdf
YANES-ROCA, C.; RHODY, N.; NYSTROM M.; MAIN, K.L. 2008 Effects of fatty acid
composition and spawning season patterns on egg quality and larval survival in common snook (Centropomus undecimalis). Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 287: 335-340.
ALVES Jr., T.; CERQUEIRA, V.R.; BROWN, J.A. 2006 Early weaning of fat snook (Centropomus parallelus, Poey 1864) larvae. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 253: 334-342.
BORBA, M.R. 1997 Efeito da idade e da utilização de compostos sintéticos como atrativos na adaptação da larva do robalo (Centropomus parallelus Poey,1960) ao alimento formulado. Florianópolis. 57p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina).
BRENNAN, N.P.; DARCY, M.C.; LEBER, K.M. 2006 Predator-free enclosures improve post-release survival of stocked common snook. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,Amsterdam, 335: 302-311.
CAHU, C. and ZAMBONINO-INFANTE J. 2007 Substitution of live food by formulated diets in marine fish larvae. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 268:161-180.
CERQUEIRA, V.R. 2010 Cultivo do robalo-peva,Centropomus parallelus. In:
BALDISSEROTTO, B. and GOMES, L.C. Espécies Nativas para Piscicultura no Brasil. Santa Maria: Editora da UFSM. p. 403-431.
CERQUEIRA, V.R. and BERNARDINI, M.E. 1995 The weaning of the fat snook Centropomus parallelus larvae with experimental and commercial artificial diets. In: LARVI’ 95-FISH & SHELLFISH LARVICULTURE SYMPOSIUM, 24., Gent, 3-7/sept./1995.
Proceedings… p. 272-275.
CORRíÅ A, C.F. and CERQUEIRA, V.R. 2007 Effects of stocking density and size distribution on growth, survival and cannibalism in juvenile fat snook (Centropomus parallelus Poey). Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 38:1627-1634.
DEVRESSE, B.; CANDREVA, P.; LÉGERZ, P.;SORGELOOS, P. 1991 A new artificial diet for
the early weaning of seabass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae. In: LARVI’ 91-FISH &
CRUSTACEAN LARVICULTURE SYMPOSIUM, 16., Gent, 27-30/aug./1991. Proceedings… p. 178-182.
EDWARDS, R.E. and HENDERSON, B.D. 1987 An experimental hatchery project: studies of propagation, culture and biology of snook (Centropomus undecimalis). In: GULF AND CARIBBEAN FISHERIES INSTITUTE, 38., TroisIslets, Martinique, nov./1985. Proceedings... p.211-221.
GARCIA, A.S. 2001 Influência do nível de proteína da dieta no crescimento e composição corporal de juvenis de robalo-peva Centropomus parallelus Poey,
1860. Florianópolis. 44p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal de Santa
Catarina).
HONCZARYK, A. 1993 Efeito de ingredientes naturais e compostos sintéticos como atrativos para a adaptação da larva do robalo Centropomus parallelus Poey, 1860 (Pisces, Centropomidae), ao alimento inerte. Florianópolis. 75p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina).
KENNEDY, S.B.; TUCKER, J.W.; NEIDIG, C.L.; VERMEER, G.K.; COOPER, V.R.; JARRELL, J.L.;SENNET, D.G. 1998 Bacterial management strategies for stock enhancement of warm water marine fish: a case of study with common snook,Centropomus undecimalis. Bulletin of Marine Science, Miami, 62(2): 573-588.
KJORSVIK, E.; PITTMAN, K.; PAVLOV, D. 2004 From fertilization to the end of metamorphosis - functional development. In: MOKSNESS, E; KJORSVIK, E.; OLSEN, Y. Culture of coldwater marine fish. Oxford: Blackwell Science. p. 204-272
LAU, S.R. and SHAFLAND, P.L. 1982 Larval development of snook, Centropomus undecimalis (Pisces: Centropomidae). Copeia, Lawrence, 3:618-627.
LEE, D.J. and PUTNAM, G.B. 1973 The response of rainbow trout to varying protein/energy rations in a test diet. Journal of Nutrition, Bethesda, 103:916-922.
LEE, G.W.Y. and LITVAK, M.K. 1996 Weaning of metamorphosed winter flounder (Pleuronectes americanus) reared in the laboratory: comparison of two commercial artificial diets on growth,survival and conversion efficiency. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 144: 251-263.
NEIDIG, C.; SKAPURA, D.P.; GRIER, H.J.; DENNIS,C.W. 2000 Techniques for spawning common snook: broodstock handling, oocyte staging, and egg quality. North American Journal of Aquaculture, Bethesda, 62: 103í 113.
RIVAS, L.R. 1986 Systematic review of perciform fishes of the genus Centropomus. Copeia, Bethesda, 3: 576-611.
ROBERTS Jr., D.E. 1987 Induced maturation and spawning of common snook, Centropomus undecimalis. In: GULF AND CARIBBEAN FISHERIES INSTITUTE, 38., Trois-Islets,Martinique, nov./1985. Proceedings... p. 222-230.
ROSENLUND, G.; STOSS, J.; TALBOT, C. 1997 Cofeeding marine fish larvae with inert and live diets. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 155: 183-191.
SHAFLAND, P.L. and KOEHL, D.H. 1979 Laboratory rearing of the common snook. In:
ANNUAL CONFERENCE OF THE SOUTHEASTERN ASSOCIATION OF FISHERIES AND
WILDLIFE AGENCIES. 33., Hot Springs, 21 -24/oct./1979. Proceedings... p.425-431.
SHIELDS, R.J. 2001 Larviculture of marine finfish in Europe. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 200: 55-88.
SOLIGO, T.A., FERRAZ, E.M.; CERQUEIRA, V.R.;TSUZUKI, M.Y. 2008 Primeira experiência de indução hormonal, desova e larvicultura do robalo-flecha, Centropomus undecimalis no Brasil.In: CYRINO, J.E.P.; SCORVO F., J.D.; SAMPAIO,
L.A.; CAVALLI, R.O. Tópicos Especiais em Biologia Aquática e Aqüicultura. 2ª
, Ed. Jaboticabal:Sociedade Brasileira de Aquicultura e Biologia Aquática. p.143-151.
SOUZA-FILHO, J.J. and CERQUEIRA, V.R. 2003 Influência da densidade de estocagem no cultivo de juvenis de robalo-flecha mantidos em laboratório. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, 38(11): 1317-1322.
SULLIVAN, D.M. and CARPENTER, D.E. 1993 Methods of analysis for nutrition labeling.Arlington: AOAC International. 624p.
TUCKER Jr., J.W. 1987 Snook and tarpon snook culture and preliminary evaluation for
commercial farming. The Progressive FishCulturist, Bethesda, 49: 49í 57.
YANES-ROCA, C. 2006 Husbandry and larval rearing of common snook (Centropomus undecimalis). Stiriling, Scotland. 271p. (PhD. Thesis.Phylosophy Institute of Aquaculture, University of Stirling, Scotland). https://dspace.stir.ac.uk /dspace/bitstream/1893/191/1/PhD%20Thesis%20snook%202006.pdf
YANES-ROCA, C.; RHODY, N.; NYSTROM M.; MAIN, K.L. 2008 Effects of fatty acid
composition and spawning season patterns on egg quality and larval survival in common snook (Centropomus undecimalis). Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 287: 335-340.
Downloads
Published
2018-11-08
Issue
Section
Scientific Article
