Spatial and seasonal variation of the ichthyofauna and habitat use in the inner portion of the Brazilian Amazon estuary
Keywords:
diversity, functional ecology, ichthyofauna, Marajó BayAbstract
It was analyzed the diversity of the ichthyofauna in the inner portion of the Amazon Estuary, its spatial and temporal distribution and abundance considering the salinity gradient and the importance of the area as reproduction and nursery grounds. Data were obtained in Guajará and Marajó Bays, and in Guamá River. Specimens were captured in the main channel (gillnets and trawl nets) and tidal creeks (block nets) between 2004 and 2011 during the dry (July-December) and rainy seasons (January-June). A total of 41,516 specimens of 136 taxa were analyzed . Differential fish composition, abundance and use of the zones as nursery and breeding area were observed, driven mainly by the salinity. The main river channel of Marajó Bay returned the highest values of abundance, especially during the dry season. The tidal creeks were used more frequently as reproduction area than the main river channels. Small-sized fishes predominated in all zones. Total species richness (S), diversity and abundance (main river channel) was highest in Marajó Bay and lowest in Guamá River (richness) and Guajará Bay (Margalef’s D and Shannon’s H’). The most species, especially in Guajará and Marajó Bays, were occasional and accessory, characterizing the study area as a transitional zone, with the presence of freshwater, estuarine and marine species in all stages of the life history. The systematic monitoring of the area should have the highest priority, considering the importance of this area in terms of biodiversity and as a source of income and subsistence for local populations.
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derramamentos de óleo na Baía de Guajará, Belém-PA. Revista Brasileira de Cartografia, 58(3):
255-262.
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european macrotidal salt marsh (the Mont SaintMichel Bay, France). Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf
Science, 51(4): 429-438.
LE BAIL, P.Y.; KEITH, P.; PLANQUETTE, P. 2000 Atlas des Poissons d'eau Douce de Guyane (tome 2,
fascicule II). Paris: Muséum National D’Histoire Naturelle. 307p.
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MARTINHO, F.; LEITAO, R.; VIEGAS, I.;DOLBETH, M.; NETO, J.M.; CABRAL, H.N.; PARDAL, M.A. 2007 The influence of an extreme drought event in the fish community of a southern Europe temperate estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 75(4): 537í 546.
MARTINO, E.J. and ABLE, K.W. 2003 Fish assemblages across the marine to low salinity transition zone of a temperate estuary. Estuarine Coastal and Shelf Science, 56(5-6): 969í 987.
MEADE, R.H.; NORDIN JR, C.F.; CURTIS, W.F.; RODRIGUES, F.M.C.; VALE, C.M.; EDMOND,
J.M. 1979 Sediments loads in Amazon River.Nature, 278(8): 162-164.
MILLIMAN, J.D.; SUNNERHAYS, C.P.; BARRETTO,H.T. 1975 Oceanography and suspended matter
off the Amazon River, Februaryí March 1973. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, 45: 189-206.
MINELLO, T.J.; ABLE, K.W.; WEINSTEIN, M.P.;HAYS, C.G. 2003 Salt marshes as nurseries for
nekton: testing hypotheses on density, growth and survival through metaanalysis. Marine
Ecology Progress Series, 246: 39-59.
MMA - MINISTÉRIO DO MEIO AMBIENTE. 2007 Áreas Prioritárias para Conservação, Uso
Sustentável e Repartição de Benefícios da Biodiversidade Brasileira: Atualização - Portaria
MMA n° 9, de 23 de janeiro de 2007. Brasília. 301p. Disponível em: <http://www.mma.gov.br
/estruturas/chm/_arquivos/biodiversidade31.pdf> Acesso em: 22 mar. 2010.
MORÁN, E.F.A. 1990 A Ecologia Humana das Populações da Amazônia. Petropólis: Vozes. 311p.
MOURA, P.M.; VIEIRA, J.P.; GARCIA, A.M. 2012 Fish abundance and species richness across an
estuarineí freshwater ecosystem in the Neotropics. Hydrobiologia, 696(1): 107í 122.
MOURÃO, K.R.M. and LUCENA FRÉDOU, F. 2014 Composition of functional ecological guilds of
the fish fauna of the internal sector of the Amazon Estuary, Pará, Brazil. Anais da Academia
Brasileira de Ciências, 86(4): 1783-1800.
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