Semen cryopreservation of dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Teleostei, Serranidae)
Keywords:
cryoprotector, Epinephelus marginatus, reproduction, maricultureAbstract
This study aims at developing a protocol of semen cryopreservation of the dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus. The effects of interaction between three extenders (pH 6.1 - 7.8 and 8.2), two concentrations of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, 5 and 10%) and three freezing speeds (110; 90 and 60°C í"” min-1) on the sperm motility and time of sperm motility were analyzed by means of a factorial experiment. A sample of 16 fishes (1,378 ± 358 g, 44 ± 4 cm) collected in the nature was kept in floating net cages and were sex inverted with methyl-testosterone. The semen was frozen using cryogenic slats in nitrogen steam and transferred to liquid nitrogen. The higher sperm motility rate and time of motility (P <0.05) was achieved by combining extender C (pH 8.2) with DMSO (5%) and freezing speed of 60°C min-1 (P <0.05). These results made possible the implantation of the semen bank of dusky grouper in Brazil, which reduced the need of routine sex inversions for the species reproduction.
References
BARREIROS, J.P. 1998 Sexual inversion in Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Pisces: Serranidae, Epinephelinae) nos Açores. Revista Portuguesa de Zootecnia, Lisboa, 5: 81-90.
BILLARD, R., 1978 Some data on gametes preservation and artificial insemination in
teleost fish. Actes de colloques du CNEXO,Madri, 8: 59-73.
BILLARD, R.; COSSON, J.; CRIM, L.W. 1993 Motility of fresh and aged halibut sperm.
Aquatic Living Resources, França, 6: 67-75.
BILLARD, R.; COSSON, J.; PERCHEC, G.;LINHART, O. 1995 Biology of sperm and
artificial reproduction in carp. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 129: 95-112.
BLAXTER, J.H.S. 1953 Sperm storage and crossfertilization of spring and autumn spawning herring. Nature, London, 172 : 1189-1190.
CABRITA, E.; ENGROLA, S.; CONCEIÇÃO,L.E.C.; POUSÃO-FERREIRA, P.; DINIS, M.T.
2009 Successful cryopreservation of sperm from sex-reversed dusky grouper,
Epinephelus marginatus. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 287: 152-157.
CHAO, T. e CHOW, M. 1990 Effect of methyltestosterone on gonadal development
of Epinephelus tauvina (Forskal). Singapore Journal of Primary Industries, Manila, 18: 1-14.
CHAO, N.H.; TSAI, H.P.; LIAO. I.C. 1992 Short and long-term cryopreservation of sperm and sperm suspension of the grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider). Asian Fisheries Science, Manila, 5: 103-116.
CHAO, N.H. e LIAO, I.C. 2001 Cryopreservation of finfish and shellfish gametes and embryos.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 197: 161-189.
CHOU, R. e LEE, H.B. 1997 Commercial marine fish farming in Singapure. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 28: 767-776.
CLOUD, J.G.; MILLER, W.H.; LEVANDUSKI,M.J. 1990 Cryopreservation of sperm as a
means to store salmonid germ plan and to transfer genes from wild fish to hatchery
populations. Progressive Fish Culturist,Amsterdam, 52: 51-53.
FAUVEL, C.; SAVOYE, O.; DREANNO, C.;COSSON, J.; SUQUET, M., 1999 Characteristics of sperm of captive sea bass,Dicentrarchus labrax in relation to its fertilization potential. Journal of Fish Biology,London, 54: 356-369.
FOOTE, R.H. 1975 Semen quality from the bull to the freezer. Theriogenology, Amsterdam, 3:219-228.
GRIER, H. e NEIDING, C. 2000 Gonads and gametes of fishes. In: TIERSCH, T.R.; MAZIK, P.M. Cryopreservation in Aquatic Species. Baton Rouge: World Aquaculture Society. p. 1-12.
GWO, J.C. 1993 Cryopreservation of black grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) spermatozoa.Theriogenology, Amsterdam, 39: 1331-1342.
GWO, J.C. 2000 Cryopreservation of sperm of some marine fishes. In: TIERSCH, T.R. and MAZIK, P.M. Cryopreservation in Aquatic Species. Baton Rouge: World Aquaculture Society. p. 138-160.
HEEMSTRA, P.C.; RANDALL, J.E. 1993 FAO species catalogue. Groupers of the world (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). Rome: FAO. 382 p.
KUO, C.M.; TING, Y.Y.; YEH, S.L. 1988. Induced sex reversal and spawning of blue-spotted grouper Epinephelus fario. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 74: 113-126.
LAHNSTEINER, F., WEISMANN, T.; PATZNER, R.A. 1997 Methanol as cryoprotectant and the suitability of 1,2 ml and 5 ml strans for cryopreservation of semen from salmonid fishes. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 28: 471-479.
LEGENDRE, M. e BILLARD, R., 1980 Cryopreservation of rainbow trout sperm by
deep freezing. Reproduction, Nutrition, and Development, London, 20: 1859-1868.
LEUNG, L.K. 1987. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa of the barramundi, Lates
calcarifer (Teleostei: Centropomedae).Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 64: 243-247
LUBZENS, E.; DAUBE, N.; PEKARSDY, I.;MAGNUS,Y. COHEN, A. YUSEFOVICH, F.;
FEIGIN, P. 1997 Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) spermatozoa cryobanks: Strategies in research and application. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,155: 13-30.
MARINO, G.; PANINI, E.; LONGOBARDI, A.;MANDICH, A.; FINOIA, M.G.; ZOHAR, Y.;
MYLONAS, C.C. 2003 Induction of ovulation in captive-reared dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834), with a sustainedrelease GnRHa implant. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 219: 841-858.
MAZUR, P. 1970 The freezing of biological systems. Science Cryobiology, London, 168:939-949.
MAZUR, P. 1977 The role of intracellular freezing in the death of cells cooled at supraoptimal rates. Cryobiology, London, 14: 251-272.
MIYAKI, K.; NAKANO, S.; OHTA, H.; KUROKURA, H. 2005 Cryopreservation of
kelp grouper (Epinephelus moara) sperm using only a trehalose solution. Fisheries Science,London, 71: 457-458.
MONGKONPUNYA, K., CHAIRAK, N., PUPIPAT,T.; TIERSCH, T.R. 1995 Cryopreservation of sperm of the Mekong giant catfish. Asian Fisheries Science, Manila, 3: 211-221.
ODA, A. e MORISAWA, M. 1993 Rises of intracellular Ca and pH mediate the initiation
of sperm motility by hyperosmolality in marine teleosts. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton,
Montreal, 25: 171-178.
PELETEIRO, J.B.; CHEREGUINI, O.; CAL, R.M.1996 Preliminary results os artificial
fertilization carried out with cryopreserved sperm of turbot Scophthalmus maximus
(Linnaeus, 1758). Informe Técnico Del Instituto Espanological de Oceanografo, Madrid, 162: 1-13.
QUINITIO, G.F.; CABEROY, N.D.; REYES JR, D.M. 1997 Induction of sex change in female Epinephelus coioides by social control. Israel Journal of Aquaculture, Bamidghed, 49: 77-83.
RANA, K.J. 1996 Preservation of gametes. In:BROMAGE, N.; ROBERTS, R.J. Broodstock
management and egg larval quality. Oxford:Blackwell Science. p.53-75.
RILEY, K.L., HOLLADAY, C.G., CHESNEY, E.J.;TIERSCH, T.R. 2004 Cryopreservation of
sperm of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus).Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 238: 183-194.
RODRIGUES FILHO, J.A.; SANCHES, E.G.;GARCIA, C.E.O.; PANNUTI, C.V.; SEBASTIANI, E.F.; MOREIRA, R.G. 2009 Threatened fishes of the world: Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Serranidae: Epinephelinae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, Amsterdam, 85: 345-346.
ROBERTS, D.E. JR. e SCHLIEDER, R.A. 1983 Induced sex inversion, maturation, spawning and embriogeny of the protogynous grouper, Mycteroperca microlepis. Journal of World Mariculture Society, Baton Rouge, 14: 639-649.
ROCHA, L.O.F. e COSTA, P.A.S. 1999 Manual de identificação de peixes marinhos para a costa central.REVIZEE. Rio de Janeiro: UNE-RIO. 230p.
SADOVY, Y. e COLIN, P.L. 1995 Sexual development and sexuality in the Nassau grouper. Journal of Fisheries Biology, London, 46: 961-976.
SALISBURY, G.W. e VANDEMARK, N.L. 1964 Fisiologia de la reproduction e inseminacion artificial de los bovidos. Zaragoza: ACRIBIA. 707 p.
SANCHES, E.G.; OLIVEIRA, I.R.;SERRALHEIRO, P.; OSTINI. S.; TIBA, R.M. 2006 Piscicultura marinha: conquista inédita do Instituto de Pesca. Panorama da
Aqüicultura, Rio de Janeiro, 54: 34-39.
SANCHES, E.G.; OLIVEIRA, I.R.; SERRALHEIRO, P.C. 2009 Inversão sexual da
garoupa-verdadeira Epinephelus marginatus.Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal,Salvador, 10: 198-209.
SAS INSTITUTE INC. 1990 SAS technical report.Release 6.11. Cary: NC, 229p.
SHAPIRO, D. 1984 Sex reversal and sociodemografic processes in coral reef fishes.
In: POTTS, G. W. e WOOTTON, R. J. Fish Reproduction: strategies and tacties. London:
Academic Press. 320p.
SPEDICATO, M.T.; LEMBO, G.; DI MARCO, P.;MARINO, G. 1995 Preliminary results in
breeding of dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834). Cahiers Options
Mediterraneennes, Roma, 16: 131-148.
SUQUET, M.; DREANNO, C.; FAUVEL, C.;COSSON, J.; BILLARD, R. 2000
Cryopreservation of sperm in marine fish. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 31: 231-243.
TAN-FERMIN, J.D.; GARCIA, I.M.B.; CASTILLO JR, A.R. 1994 Induction of sex inversion in juvenile grouper Epinephelus suillus, (Valenciennes) by injections of 17-alfametiltestosterone. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, Tokio, 40: 413-420.
TIERSCH, T.R.; WAYMANN, W.R.; SKAPURA,D.P.; NEIDIG, C.L.; GRIER, H.J. 2004 Transport and cryopreservation of sperm of the common snook Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch).Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 35: 278-288.
TUCKER, J.W. Jr. e FITZGERALD, W.J. 1994 Induced spawning in two Western Tropical
Pacific groupers, Plectropomus areolatus and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, in Palau. Asian Fisheries Science, Manila, 7: 57-62.
VUTHIPHANDCHAI, V., CHOMPHUTHAWACH, S., NIMRAT, S. 2009 Cryopreservation of red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) sperm: Effect of cryoprotectants and cooling rates on sperm motility, sperm viability, and fertilization capacity. Theriogenology, Amsterdam, 72: 129-138.
WAYMAN, W.R.; THOMAS, R.G.; TIERSCH, T.R 1997 Refrigerated storage and
cryopreservation of black drum (Pogonias cromis) spermatozoa. Theriogenology,
Amsterdam, 47: 1519-1529.
WITHLER, F.C. e LIM, L.C. 1982 Preliminary observations of chilled and deep-frozen
storage of grouper (Epinephelus tauvina) sperm. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 37: 389-392.
ZABALA, M.; LOUISY, P.; GARCIA-RUBIES, A ;GRACIA, V. 1997 Social-behavioral context of reproduction in the Mediterranean dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (LOWE, 1834)(Pisces, Serranidae) in the Medes Islands Marine Reserve (NW Mediterranean, Spain). Scientia Marina, Madrid, 61 (1): 79-89.
BILLARD, R., 1978 Some data on gametes preservation and artificial insemination in
teleost fish. Actes de colloques du CNEXO,Madri, 8: 59-73.
BILLARD, R.; COSSON, J.; CRIM, L.W. 1993 Motility of fresh and aged halibut sperm.
Aquatic Living Resources, França, 6: 67-75.
BILLARD, R.; COSSON, J.; PERCHEC, G.;LINHART, O. 1995 Biology of sperm and
artificial reproduction in carp. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 129: 95-112.
BLAXTER, J.H.S. 1953 Sperm storage and crossfertilization of spring and autumn spawning herring. Nature, London, 172 : 1189-1190.
CABRITA, E.; ENGROLA, S.; CONCEIÇÃO,L.E.C.; POUSÃO-FERREIRA, P.; DINIS, M.T.
2009 Successful cryopreservation of sperm from sex-reversed dusky grouper,
Epinephelus marginatus. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 287: 152-157.
CHAO, T. e CHOW, M. 1990 Effect of methyltestosterone on gonadal development
of Epinephelus tauvina (Forskal). Singapore Journal of Primary Industries, Manila, 18: 1-14.
CHAO, N.H.; TSAI, H.P.; LIAO. I.C. 1992 Short and long-term cryopreservation of sperm and sperm suspension of the grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider). Asian Fisheries Science, Manila, 5: 103-116.
CHAO, N.H. e LIAO, I.C. 2001 Cryopreservation of finfish and shellfish gametes and embryos.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 197: 161-189.
CHOU, R. e LEE, H.B. 1997 Commercial marine fish farming in Singapure. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 28: 767-776.
CLOUD, J.G.; MILLER, W.H.; LEVANDUSKI,M.J. 1990 Cryopreservation of sperm as a
means to store salmonid germ plan and to transfer genes from wild fish to hatchery
populations. Progressive Fish Culturist,Amsterdam, 52: 51-53.
FAUVEL, C.; SAVOYE, O.; DREANNO, C.;COSSON, J.; SUQUET, M., 1999 Characteristics of sperm of captive sea bass,Dicentrarchus labrax in relation to its fertilization potential. Journal of Fish Biology,London, 54: 356-369.
FOOTE, R.H. 1975 Semen quality from the bull to the freezer. Theriogenology, Amsterdam, 3:219-228.
GRIER, H. e NEIDING, C. 2000 Gonads and gametes of fishes. In: TIERSCH, T.R.; MAZIK, P.M. Cryopreservation in Aquatic Species. Baton Rouge: World Aquaculture Society. p. 1-12.
GWO, J.C. 1993 Cryopreservation of black grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) spermatozoa.Theriogenology, Amsterdam, 39: 1331-1342.
GWO, J.C. 2000 Cryopreservation of sperm of some marine fishes. In: TIERSCH, T.R. and MAZIK, P.M. Cryopreservation in Aquatic Species. Baton Rouge: World Aquaculture Society. p. 138-160.
HEEMSTRA, P.C.; RANDALL, J.E. 1993 FAO species catalogue. Groupers of the world (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). Rome: FAO. 382 p.
KUO, C.M.; TING, Y.Y.; YEH, S.L. 1988. Induced sex reversal and spawning of blue-spotted grouper Epinephelus fario. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 74: 113-126.
LAHNSTEINER, F., WEISMANN, T.; PATZNER, R.A. 1997 Methanol as cryoprotectant and the suitability of 1,2 ml and 5 ml strans for cryopreservation of semen from salmonid fishes. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 28: 471-479.
LEGENDRE, M. e BILLARD, R., 1980 Cryopreservation of rainbow trout sperm by
deep freezing. Reproduction, Nutrition, and Development, London, 20: 1859-1868.
LEUNG, L.K. 1987. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa of the barramundi, Lates
calcarifer (Teleostei: Centropomedae).Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 64: 243-247
LUBZENS, E.; DAUBE, N.; PEKARSDY, I.;MAGNUS,Y. COHEN, A. YUSEFOVICH, F.;
FEIGIN, P. 1997 Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) spermatozoa cryobanks: Strategies in research and application. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,155: 13-30.
MARINO, G.; PANINI, E.; LONGOBARDI, A.;MANDICH, A.; FINOIA, M.G.; ZOHAR, Y.;
MYLONAS, C.C. 2003 Induction of ovulation in captive-reared dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834), with a sustainedrelease GnRHa implant. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 219: 841-858.
MAZUR, P. 1970 The freezing of biological systems. Science Cryobiology, London, 168:939-949.
MAZUR, P. 1977 The role of intracellular freezing in the death of cells cooled at supraoptimal rates. Cryobiology, London, 14: 251-272.
MIYAKI, K.; NAKANO, S.; OHTA, H.; KUROKURA, H. 2005 Cryopreservation of
kelp grouper (Epinephelus moara) sperm using only a trehalose solution. Fisheries Science,London, 71: 457-458.
MONGKONPUNYA, K., CHAIRAK, N., PUPIPAT,T.; TIERSCH, T.R. 1995 Cryopreservation of sperm of the Mekong giant catfish. Asian Fisheries Science, Manila, 3: 211-221.
ODA, A. e MORISAWA, M. 1993 Rises of intracellular Ca and pH mediate the initiation
of sperm motility by hyperosmolality in marine teleosts. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton,
Montreal, 25: 171-178.
PELETEIRO, J.B.; CHEREGUINI, O.; CAL, R.M.1996 Preliminary results os artificial
fertilization carried out with cryopreserved sperm of turbot Scophthalmus maximus
(Linnaeus, 1758). Informe Técnico Del Instituto Espanological de Oceanografo, Madrid, 162: 1-13.
QUINITIO, G.F.; CABEROY, N.D.; REYES JR, D.M. 1997 Induction of sex change in female Epinephelus coioides by social control. Israel Journal of Aquaculture, Bamidghed, 49: 77-83.
RANA, K.J. 1996 Preservation of gametes. In:BROMAGE, N.; ROBERTS, R.J. Broodstock
management and egg larval quality. Oxford:Blackwell Science. p.53-75.
RILEY, K.L., HOLLADAY, C.G., CHESNEY, E.J.;TIERSCH, T.R. 2004 Cryopreservation of
sperm of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus).Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 238: 183-194.
RODRIGUES FILHO, J.A.; SANCHES, E.G.;GARCIA, C.E.O.; PANNUTI, C.V.; SEBASTIANI, E.F.; MOREIRA, R.G. 2009 Threatened fishes of the world: Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Serranidae: Epinephelinae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, Amsterdam, 85: 345-346.
ROBERTS, D.E. JR. e SCHLIEDER, R.A. 1983 Induced sex inversion, maturation, spawning and embriogeny of the protogynous grouper, Mycteroperca microlepis. Journal of World Mariculture Society, Baton Rouge, 14: 639-649.
ROCHA, L.O.F. e COSTA, P.A.S. 1999 Manual de identificação de peixes marinhos para a costa central.REVIZEE. Rio de Janeiro: UNE-RIO. 230p.
SADOVY, Y. e COLIN, P.L. 1995 Sexual development and sexuality in the Nassau grouper. Journal of Fisheries Biology, London, 46: 961-976.
SALISBURY, G.W. e VANDEMARK, N.L. 1964 Fisiologia de la reproduction e inseminacion artificial de los bovidos. Zaragoza: ACRIBIA. 707 p.
SANCHES, E.G.; OLIVEIRA, I.R.;SERRALHEIRO, P.; OSTINI. S.; TIBA, R.M. 2006 Piscicultura marinha: conquista inédita do Instituto de Pesca. Panorama da
Aqüicultura, Rio de Janeiro, 54: 34-39.
SANCHES, E.G.; OLIVEIRA, I.R.; SERRALHEIRO, P.C. 2009 Inversão sexual da
garoupa-verdadeira Epinephelus marginatus.Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal,Salvador, 10: 198-209.
SAS INSTITUTE INC. 1990 SAS technical report.Release 6.11. Cary: NC, 229p.
SHAPIRO, D. 1984 Sex reversal and sociodemografic processes in coral reef fishes.
In: POTTS, G. W. e WOOTTON, R. J. Fish Reproduction: strategies and tacties. London:
Academic Press. 320p.
SPEDICATO, M.T.; LEMBO, G.; DI MARCO, P.;MARINO, G. 1995 Preliminary results in
breeding of dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834). Cahiers Options
Mediterraneennes, Roma, 16: 131-148.
SUQUET, M.; DREANNO, C.; FAUVEL, C.;COSSON, J.; BILLARD, R. 2000
Cryopreservation of sperm in marine fish. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 31: 231-243.
TAN-FERMIN, J.D.; GARCIA, I.M.B.; CASTILLO JR, A.R. 1994 Induction of sex inversion in juvenile grouper Epinephelus suillus, (Valenciennes) by injections of 17-alfametiltestosterone. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, Tokio, 40: 413-420.
TIERSCH, T.R.; WAYMANN, W.R.; SKAPURA,D.P.; NEIDIG, C.L.; GRIER, H.J. 2004 Transport and cryopreservation of sperm of the common snook Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch).Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 35: 278-288.
TUCKER, J.W. Jr. e FITZGERALD, W.J. 1994 Induced spawning in two Western Tropical
Pacific groupers, Plectropomus areolatus and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, in Palau. Asian Fisheries Science, Manila, 7: 57-62.
VUTHIPHANDCHAI, V., CHOMPHUTHAWACH, S., NIMRAT, S. 2009 Cryopreservation of red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) sperm: Effect of cryoprotectants and cooling rates on sperm motility, sperm viability, and fertilization capacity. Theriogenology, Amsterdam, 72: 129-138.
WAYMAN, W.R.; THOMAS, R.G.; TIERSCH, T.R 1997 Refrigerated storage and
cryopreservation of black drum (Pogonias cromis) spermatozoa. Theriogenology,
Amsterdam, 47: 1519-1529.
WITHLER, F.C. e LIM, L.C. 1982 Preliminary observations of chilled and deep-frozen
storage of grouper (Epinephelus tauvina) sperm. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 37: 389-392.
ZABALA, M.; LOUISY, P.; GARCIA-RUBIES, A ;GRACIA, V. 1997 Social-behavioral context of reproduction in the Mediterranean dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (LOWE, 1834)(Pisces, Serranidae) in the Medes Islands Marine Reserve (NW Mediterranean, Spain). Scientia Marina, Madrid, 61 (1): 79-89.
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