Crioconservação do sêmen da garoupa-verdadeira Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Teleostei, Serranidae)
Palavras-chave:
diluidores, crioprotetor, Epinephelus marginatus, reprodução, mariculturaResumo
Este trabalho foi realizado com a finalidade de desenvolver um protocolo de crioconservação do sêmen da garoupa-verdadeira, Epinephelus marginatus. Em um experimento fatorial foram analisados os efeitos de três diluentes (pH 6,1; 7,8 e 8,2), duas concentrações de dimetilsulfóxido (DMSO, 5 e 10%) e três velocidades de congelamento (110, 90 e 60°C x min-1) sobre a motilidade e tempo de motilidade espermáticas. Uma amostra de 16 exemplares com peso médio de 1.378 ± 358 g e comprimento total médio de 44,0 ± 4,0 cm, oriunda da natureza, foi mantida em tanques-rede e sexualmente invertida com metil-testosterona. O sêmen obtido foi congelado empregando-se palhetas criogênicas em vapor de nitrogênio e, posteriormente, transferido para nitrogênio líquido. A combinação que propiciou maior taxa de motilidade e tempo de motilidade espermáticas (p< 0,05) foi proporcionada pelo emprego do diluente de pH 8,2 com DMSO (5%) e uma velocidade de congelamento de 60°C min-1 (p< 0,05). Estes resultados possibilitam a implantação um de banco de sêmen da garoupa-verdadeira no Brasil, reduzindo a necessidade da adoção da inversão sexual rotineira para a reprodução da espécie.
Referências
BARREIROS, J.P. 1998 Sexual inversion in Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Pisces: Serranidae, Epinephelinae) nos Açores. Revista Portuguesa de Zootecnia, Lisboa, 5: 81-90.
BILLARD, R., 1978 Some data on gametes preservation and artificial insemination in
teleost fish. Actes de colloques du CNEXO,Madri, 8: 59-73.
BILLARD, R.; COSSON, J.; CRIM, L.W. 1993 Motility of fresh and aged halibut sperm.
Aquatic Living Resources, França, 6: 67-75.
BILLARD, R.; COSSON, J.; PERCHEC, G.;LINHART, O. 1995 Biology of sperm and
artificial reproduction in carp. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 129: 95-112.
BLAXTER, J.H.S. 1953 Sperm storage and crossfertilization of spring and autumn spawning herring. Nature, London, 172 : 1189-1190.
CABRITA, E.; ENGROLA, S.; CONCEIÇÃO,L.E.C.; POUSÃO-FERREIRA, P.; DINIS, M.T.
2009 Successful cryopreservation of sperm from sex-reversed dusky grouper,
Epinephelus marginatus. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 287: 152-157.
CHAO, T. e CHOW, M. 1990 Effect of methyltestosterone on gonadal development
of Epinephelus tauvina (Forskal). Singapore Journal of Primary Industries, Manila, 18: 1-14.
CHAO, N.H.; TSAI, H.P.; LIAO. I.C. 1992 Short and long-term cryopreservation of sperm and sperm suspension of the grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider). Asian Fisheries Science, Manila, 5: 103-116.
CHAO, N.H. e LIAO, I.C. 2001 Cryopreservation of finfish and shellfish gametes and embryos.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 197: 161-189.
CHOU, R. e LEE, H.B. 1997 Commercial marine fish farming in Singapure. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 28: 767-776.
CLOUD, J.G.; MILLER, W.H.; LEVANDUSKI,M.J. 1990 Cryopreservation of sperm as a
means to store salmonid germ plan and to transfer genes from wild fish to hatchery
populations. Progressive Fish Culturist,Amsterdam, 52: 51-53.
FAUVEL, C.; SAVOYE, O.; DREANNO, C.;COSSON, J.; SUQUET, M., 1999 Characteristics of sperm of captive sea bass,Dicentrarchus labrax in relation to its fertilization potential. Journal of Fish Biology,London, 54: 356-369.
FOOTE, R.H. 1975 Semen quality from the bull to the freezer. Theriogenology, Amsterdam, 3:219-228.
GRIER, H. e NEIDING, C. 2000 Gonads and gametes of fishes. In: TIERSCH, T.R.; MAZIK, P.M. Cryopreservation in Aquatic Species. Baton Rouge: World Aquaculture Society. p. 1-12.
GWO, J.C. 1993 Cryopreservation of black grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) spermatozoa.Theriogenology, Amsterdam, 39: 1331-1342.
GWO, J.C. 2000 Cryopreservation of sperm of some marine fishes. In: TIERSCH, T.R. and MAZIK, P.M. Cryopreservation in Aquatic Species. Baton Rouge: World Aquaculture Society. p. 138-160.
HEEMSTRA, P.C.; RANDALL, J.E. 1993 FAO species catalogue. Groupers of the world (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). Rome: FAO. 382 p.
KUO, C.M.; TING, Y.Y.; YEH, S.L. 1988. Induced sex reversal and spawning of blue-spotted grouper Epinephelus fario. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 74: 113-126.
LAHNSTEINER, F., WEISMANN, T.; PATZNER, R.A. 1997 Methanol as cryoprotectant and the suitability of 1,2 ml and 5 ml strans for cryopreservation of semen from salmonid fishes. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 28: 471-479.
LEGENDRE, M. e BILLARD, R., 1980 Cryopreservation of rainbow trout sperm by
deep freezing. Reproduction, Nutrition, and Development, London, 20: 1859-1868.
LEUNG, L.K. 1987. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa of the barramundi, Lates
calcarifer (Teleostei: Centropomedae).Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 64: 243-247
LUBZENS, E.; DAUBE, N.; PEKARSDY, I.;MAGNUS,Y. COHEN, A. YUSEFOVICH, F.;
FEIGIN, P. 1997 Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) spermatozoa cryobanks: Strategies in research and application. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,155: 13-30.
MARINO, G.; PANINI, E.; LONGOBARDI, A.;MANDICH, A.; FINOIA, M.G.; ZOHAR, Y.;
MYLONAS, C.C. 2003 Induction of ovulation in captive-reared dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834), with a sustainedrelease GnRHa implant. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 219: 841-858.
MAZUR, P. 1970 The freezing of biological systems. Science Cryobiology, London, 168:939-949.
MAZUR, P. 1977 The role of intracellular freezing in the death of cells cooled at supraoptimal rates. Cryobiology, London, 14: 251-272.
MIYAKI, K.; NAKANO, S.; OHTA, H.; KUROKURA, H. 2005 Cryopreservation of
kelp grouper (Epinephelus moara) sperm using only a trehalose solution. Fisheries Science,London, 71: 457-458.
MONGKONPUNYA, K., CHAIRAK, N., PUPIPAT,T.; TIERSCH, T.R. 1995 Cryopreservation of sperm of the Mekong giant catfish. Asian Fisheries Science, Manila, 3: 211-221.
ODA, A. e MORISAWA, M. 1993 Rises of intracellular Ca and pH mediate the initiation
of sperm motility by hyperosmolality in marine teleosts. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton,
Montreal, 25: 171-178.
PELETEIRO, J.B.; CHEREGUINI, O.; CAL, R.M.1996 Preliminary results os artificial
fertilization carried out with cryopreserved sperm of turbot Scophthalmus maximus
(Linnaeus, 1758). Informe Técnico Del Instituto Espanological de Oceanografo, Madrid, 162: 1-13.
QUINITIO, G.F.; CABEROY, N.D.; REYES JR, D.M. 1997 Induction of sex change in female Epinephelus coioides by social control. Israel Journal of Aquaculture, Bamidghed, 49: 77-83.
RANA, K.J. 1996 Preservation of gametes. In:BROMAGE, N.; ROBERTS, R.J. Broodstock
management and egg larval quality. Oxford:Blackwell Science. p.53-75.
RILEY, K.L., HOLLADAY, C.G., CHESNEY, E.J.;TIERSCH, T.R. 2004 Cryopreservation of
sperm of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus).Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 238: 183-194.
RODRIGUES FILHO, J.A.; SANCHES, E.G.;GARCIA, C.E.O.; PANNUTI, C.V.; SEBASTIANI, E.F.; MOREIRA, R.G. 2009 Threatened fishes of the world: Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Serranidae: Epinephelinae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, Amsterdam, 85: 345-346.
ROBERTS, D.E. JR. e SCHLIEDER, R.A. 1983 Induced sex inversion, maturation, spawning and embriogeny of the protogynous grouper, Mycteroperca microlepis. Journal of World Mariculture Society, Baton Rouge, 14: 639-649.
ROCHA, L.O.F. e COSTA, P.A.S. 1999 Manual de identificação de peixes marinhos para a costa central.REVIZEE. Rio de Janeiro: UNE-RIO. 230p.
SADOVY, Y. e COLIN, P.L. 1995 Sexual development and sexuality in the Nassau grouper. Journal of Fisheries Biology, London, 46: 961-976.
SALISBURY, G.W. e VANDEMARK, N.L. 1964 Fisiologia de la reproduction e inseminacion artificial de los bovidos. Zaragoza: ACRIBIA. 707 p.
SANCHES, E.G.; OLIVEIRA, I.R.;SERRALHEIRO, P.; OSTINI. S.; TIBA, R.M. 2006 Piscicultura marinha: conquista inédita do Instituto de Pesca. Panorama da
Aqüicultura, Rio de Janeiro, 54: 34-39.
SANCHES, E.G.; OLIVEIRA, I.R.; SERRALHEIRO, P.C. 2009 Inversão sexual da
garoupa-verdadeira Epinephelus marginatus.Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal,Salvador, 10: 198-209.
SAS INSTITUTE INC. 1990 SAS technical report.Release 6.11. Cary: NC, 229p.
SHAPIRO, D. 1984 Sex reversal and sociodemografic processes in coral reef fishes.
In: POTTS, G. W. e WOOTTON, R. J. Fish Reproduction: strategies and tacties. London:
Academic Press. 320p.
SPEDICATO, M.T.; LEMBO, G.; DI MARCO, P.;MARINO, G. 1995 Preliminary results in
breeding of dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834). Cahiers Options
Mediterraneennes, Roma, 16: 131-148.
SUQUET, M.; DREANNO, C.; FAUVEL, C.;COSSON, J.; BILLARD, R. 2000
Cryopreservation of sperm in marine fish. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 31: 231-243.
TAN-FERMIN, J.D.; GARCIA, I.M.B.; CASTILLO JR, A.R. 1994 Induction of sex inversion in juvenile grouper Epinephelus suillus, (Valenciennes) by injections of 17-alfametiltestosterone. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, Tokio, 40: 413-420.
TIERSCH, T.R.; WAYMANN, W.R.; SKAPURA,D.P.; NEIDIG, C.L.; GRIER, H.J. 2004 Transport and cryopreservation of sperm of the common snook Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch).Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 35: 278-288.
TUCKER, J.W. Jr. e FITZGERALD, W.J. 1994 Induced spawning in two Western Tropical
Pacific groupers, Plectropomus areolatus and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, in Palau. Asian Fisheries Science, Manila, 7: 57-62.
VUTHIPHANDCHAI, V., CHOMPHUTHAWACH, S., NIMRAT, S. 2009 Cryopreservation of red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) sperm: Effect of cryoprotectants and cooling rates on sperm motility, sperm viability, and fertilization capacity. Theriogenology, Amsterdam, 72: 129-138.
WAYMAN, W.R.; THOMAS, R.G.; TIERSCH, T.R 1997 Refrigerated storage and
cryopreservation of black drum (Pogonias cromis) spermatozoa. Theriogenology,
Amsterdam, 47: 1519-1529.
WITHLER, F.C. e LIM, L.C. 1982 Preliminary observations of chilled and deep-frozen
storage of grouper (Epinephelus tauvina) sperm. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 37: 389-392.
ZABALA, M.; LOUISY, P.; GARCIA-RUBIES, A ;GRACIA, V. 1997 Social-behavioral context of reproduction in the Mediterranean dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (LOWE, 1834)(Pisces, Serranidae) in the Medes Islands Marine Reserve (NW Mediterranean, Spain). Scientia Marina, Madrid, 61 (1): 79-89.
BILLARD, R., 1978 Some data on gametes preservation and artificial insemination in
teleost fish. Actes de colloques du CNEXO,Madri, 8: 59-73.
BILLARD, R.; COSSON, J.; CRIM, L.W. 1993 Motility of fresh and aged halibut sperm.
Aquatic Living Resources, França, 6: 67-75.
BILLARD, R.; COSSON, J.; PERCHEC, G.;LINHART, O. 1995 Biology of sperm and
artificial reproduction in carp. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 129: 95-112.
BLAXTER, J.H.S. 1953 Sperm storage and crossfertilization of spring and autumn spawning herring. Nature, London, 172 : 1189-1190.
CABRITA, E.; ENGROLA, S.; CONCEIÇÃO,L.E.C.; POUSÃO-FERREIRA, P.; DINIS, M.T.
2009 Successful cryopreservation of sperm from sex-reversed dusky grouper,
Epinephelus marginatus. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 287: 152-157.
CHAO, T. e CHOW, M. 1990 Effect of methyltestosterone on gonadal development
of Epinephelus tauvina (Forskal). Singapore Journal of Primary Industries, Manila, 18: 1-14.
CHAO, N.H.; TSAI, H.P.; LIAO. I.C. 1992 Short and long-term cryopreservation of sperm and sperm suspension of the grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus (Bloch and Schneider). Asian Fisheries Science, Manila, 5: 103-116.
CHAO, N.H. e LIAO, I.C. 2001 Cryopreservation of finfish and shellfish gametes and embryos.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 197: 161-189.
CHOU, R. e LEE, H.B. 1997 Commercial marine fish farming in Singapure. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 28: 767-776.
CLOUD, J.G.; MILLER, W.H.; LEVANDUSKI,M.J. 1990 Cryopreservation of sperm as a
means to store salmonid germ plan and to transfer genes from wild fish to hatchery
populations. Progressive Fish Culturist,Amsterdam, 52: 51-53.
FAUVEL, C.; SAVOYE, O.; DREANNO, C.;COSSON, J.; SUQUET, M., 1999 Characteristics of sperm of captive sea bass,Dicentrarchus labrax in relation to its fertilization potential. Journal of Fish Biology,London, 54: 356-369.
FOOTE, R.H. 1975 Semen quality from the bull to the freezer. Theriogenology, Amsterdam, 3:219-228.
GRIER, H. e NEIDING, C. 2000 Gonads and gametes of fishes. In: TIERSCH, T.R.; MAZIK, P.M. Cryopreservation in Aquatic Species. Baton Rouge: World Aquaculture Society. p. 1-12.
GWO, J.C. 1993 Cryopreservation of black grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus) spermatozoa.Theriogenology, Amsterdam, 39: 1331-1342.
GWO, J.C. 2000 Cryopreservation of sperm of some marine fishes. In: TIERSCH, T.R. and MAZIK, P.M. Cryopreservation in Aquatic Species. Baton Rouge: World Aquaculture Society. p. 138-160.
HEEMSTRA, P.C.; RANDALL, J.E. 1993 FAO species catalogue. Groupers of the world (Family Serranidae, Subfamily Epinephelinae). Rome: FAO. 382 p.
KUO, C.M.; TING, Y.Y.; YEH, S.L. 1988. Induced sex reversal and spawning of blue-spotted grouper Epinephelus fario. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 74: 113-126.
LAHNSTEINER, F., WEISMANN, T.; PATZNER, R.A. 1997 Methanol as cryoprotectant and the suitability of 1,2 ml and 5 ml strans for cryopreservation of semen from salmonid fishes. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 28: 471-479.
LEGENDRE, M. e BILLARD, R., 1980 Cryopreservation of rainbow trout sperm by
deep freezing. Reproduction, Nutrition, and Development, London, 20: 1859-1868.
LEUNG, L.K. 1987. Cryopreservation of spermatozoa of the barramundi, Lates
calcarifer (Teleostei: Centropomedae).Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 64: 243-247
LUBZENS, E.; DAUBE, N.; PEKARSDY, I.;MAGNUS,Y. COHEN, A. YUSEFOVICH, F.;
FEIGIN, P. 1997 Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) spermatozoa cryobanks: Strategies in research and application. Aquaculture, Amsterdam,155: 13-30.
MARINO, G.; PANINI, E.; LONGOBARDI, A.;MANDICH, A.; FINOIA, M.G.; ZOHAR, Y.;
MYLONAS, C.C. 2003 Induction of ovulation in captive-reared dusky grouper, Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834), with a sustainedrelease GnRHa implant. Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 219: 841-858.
MAZUR, P. 1970 The freezing of biological systems. Science Cryobiology, London, 168:939-949.
MAZUR, P. 1977 The role of intracellular freezing in the death of cells cooled at supraoptimal rates. Cryobiology, London, 14: 251-272.
MIYAKI, K.; NAKANO, S.; OHTA, H.; KUROKURA, H. 2005 Cryopreservation of
kelp grouper (Epinephelus moara) sperm using only a trehalose solution. Fisheries Science,London, 71: 457-458.
MONGKONPUNYA, K., CHAIRAK, N., PUPIPAT,T.; TIERSCH, T.R. 1995 Cryopreservation of sperm of the Mekong giant catfish. Asian Fisheries Science, Manila, 3: 211-221.
ODA, A. e MORISAWA, M. 1993 Rises of intracellular Ca and pH mediate the initiation
of sperm motility by hyperosmolality in marine teleosts. Cell Motil Cytoskeleton,
Montreal, 25: 171-178.
PELETEIRO, J.B.; CHEREGUINI, O.; CAL, R.M.1996 Preliminary results os artificial
fertilization carried out with cryopreserved sperm of turbot Scophthalmus maximus
(Linnaeus, 1758). Informe Técnico Del Instituto Espanological de Oceanografo, Madrid, 162: 1-13.
QUINITIO, G.F.; CABEROY, N.D.; REYES JR, D.M. 1997 Induction of sex change in female Epinephelus coioides by social control. Israel Journal of Aquaculture, Bamidghed, 49: 77-83.
RANA, K.J. 1996 Preservation of gametes. In:BROMAGE, N.; ROBERTS, R.J. Broodstock
management and egg larval quality. Oxford:Blackwell Science. p.53-75.
RILEY, K.L., HOLLADAY, C.G., CHESNEY, E.J.;TIERSCH, T.R. 2004 Cryopreservation of
sperm of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus).Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 238: 183-194.
RODRIGUES FILHO, J.A.; SANCHES, E.G.;GARCIA, C.E.O.; PANNUTI, C.V.; SEBASTIANI, E.F.; MOREIRA, R.G. 2009 Threatened fishes of the world: Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834) (Serranidae: Epinephelinae). Environmental Biology of Fishes, Amsterdam, 85: 345-346.
ROBERTS, D.E. JR. e SCHLIEDER, R.A. 1983 Induced sex inversion, maturation, spawning and embriogeny of the protogynous grouper, Mycteroperca microlepis. Journal of World Mariculture Society, Baton Rouge, 14: 639-649.
ROCHA, L.O.F. e COSTA, P.A.S. 1999 Manual de identificação de peixes marinhos para a costa central.REVIZEE. Rio de Janeiro: UNE-RIO. 230p.
SADOVY, Y. e COLIN, P.L. 1995 Sexual development and sexuality in the Nassau grouper. Journal of Fisheries Biology, London, 46: 961-976.
SALISBURY, G.W. e VANDEMARK, N.L. 1964 Fisiologia de la reproduction e inseminacion artificial de los bovidos. Zaragoza: ACRIBIA. 707 p.
SANCHES, E.G.; OLIVEIRA, I.R.;SERRALHEIRO, P.; OSTINI. S.; TIBA, R.M. 2006 Piscicultura marinha: conquista inédita do Instituto de Pesca. Panorama da
Aqüicultura, Rio de Janeiro, 54: 34-39.
SANCHES, E.G.; OLIVEIRA, I.R.; SERRALHEIRO, P.C. 2009 Inversão sexual da
garoupa-verdadeira Epinephelus marginatus.Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal,Salvador, 10: 198-209.
SAS INSTITUTE INC. 1990 SAS technical report.Release 6.11. Cary: NC, 229p.
SHAPIRO, D. 1984 Sex reversal and sociodemografic processes in coral reef fishes.
In: POTTS, G. W. e WOOTTON, R. J. Fish Reproduction: strategies and tacties. London:
Academic Press. 320p.
SPEDICATO, M.T.; LEMBO, G.; DI MARCO, P.;MARINO, G. 1995 Preliminary results in
breeding of dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (Lowe, 1834). Cahiers Options
Mediterraneennes, Roma, 16: 131-148.
SUQUET, M.; DREANNO, C.; FAUVEL, C.;COSSON, J.; BILLARD, R. 2000
Cryopreservation of sperm in marine fish. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 31: 231-243.
TAN-FERMIN, J.D.; GARCIA, I.M.B.; CASTILLO JR, A.R. 1994 Induction of sex inversion in juvenile grouper Epinephelus suillus, (Valenciennes) by injections of 17-alfametiltestosterone. Japanese Journal of Ichthyology, Tokio, 40: 413-420.
TIERSCH, T.R.; WAYMANN, W.R.; SKAPURA,D.P.; NEIDIG, C.L.; GRIER, H.J. 2004 Transport and cryopreservation of sperm of the common snook Centropomus undecimalis (Bloch).Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 35: 278-288.
TUCKER, J.W. Jr. e FITZGERALD, W.J. 1994 Induced spawning in two Western Tropical
Pacific groupers, Plectropomus areolatus and Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, in Palau. Asian Fisheries Science, Manila, 7: 57-62.
VUTHIPHANDCHAI, V., CHOMPHUTHAWACH, S., NIMRAT, S. 2009 Cryopreservation of red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) sperm: Effect of cryoprotectants and cooling rates on sperm motility, sperm viability, and fertilization capacity. Theriogenology, Amsterdam, 72: 129-138.
WAYMAN, W.R.; THOMAS, R.G.; TIERSCH, T.R 1997 Refrigerated storage and
cryopreservation of black drum (Pogonias cromis) spermatozoa. Theriogenology,
Amsterdam, 47: 1519-1529.
WITHLER, F.C. e LIM, L.C. 1982 Preliminary observations of chilled and deep-frozen
storage of grouper (Epinephelus tauvina) sperm. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 37: 389-392.
ZABALA, M.; LOUISY, P.; GARCIA-RUBIES, A ;GRACIA, V. 1997 Social-behavioral context of reproduction in the Mediterranean dusky grouper Epinephelus marginatus (LOWE, 1834)(Pisces, Serranidae) in the Medes Islands Marine Reserve (NW Mediterranean, Spain). Scientia Marina, Madrid, 61 (1): 79-89.
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2018-11-06
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