Spatial co-occurrence of two Sciaenid species (Micropogonias fuernieri and Cynocion guatucupa) subject to fishing in the Río de La Plata and oceanic coast of Uruguay: ecological or technological interdependence?
Keywords:
whitemouth croaker, striped weakfish, industrial fisheries, Río de la Plata estuaryAbstract
The whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) and striped weakfish (Cynoscion guatucupa) are the most important resource of coastal fisheries in the Southwest Atlantic Ocean and particularly in Río de la Plata estuary. The aim of this study is to analyze the spatial and temporal co-occurrence of both species in relation to the estimates of density, length structure and immature-mature individuals using research vessel data from the spring of 1991-1995 and 2007. A positive tendency for co-occurrence and species overlap occurred in more than 53% of fishing trawls, either significantly or with predominance of whitemouth croaker or striped weakfish. Differences between the spatial distributions of both species during the spring in the study area were found for all years with the exception of 1992, a supposed consequence of increased river discharge related to El Nií±o/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) effects. In fishing hauls where significant species overlap occurred, length composition showed that whitemouth croaker adults spatially co-occurred with juveniles of striped weakfish. The nonrandom spatial segregation of both species as consequence of habitat heterogeneity and differential feeding habits did not support the ecological interdependence hypothesis. Rather, according to the trawler fleet that operates and directs the fishing effort towards these two target species, there may be evidence of technological interdependence. Fishing trawls may affect different length classes with different environmental requirements at different stages of their life history. These aspects should be considered when weighing different fisheries management options, related to the spawning areas and genetic management units of both species.
References
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JAUREGUIZAR, A.; GUERRERO, R. 2009 Striped weakfish (Cynoscion guatucupa) population structure in waters adjacent to Río de la Plata, environmental influence on it inter-annual variability. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 85:89-96.
JAUREGUIZAR, A.; MENNI, R.; BREMEN, C.;MIANZAN, H.; LASTA, C. 2003 Fish
assemblage and environmental patterns in the Rio de la Plata estuary. Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, 56: 921-933.
JAUREGUIZAR, A.; MENNI, R.; GUERRRERO, R.; LASTA, C. 2004 Environmental factors
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JAUREGUIZAR, A.; MILITELLI, M.I.; GUERRERO,R.A. 2008 Environmental influence on maturity stage spatial distribution of whitemouth croaker (Micropogonias furnieri) along an estuarine gradient.Journal of Marine Biology, 88: 175-181.
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LORENZO, M.I.; DIAZ DE ASTARLOA, J.M.; NORBIS W.; COUSSEAU M.B. 2011 Long term fish assemblages as units of management in a temperate estuary (Rio de la Plata - SW Atlantic Ocean). Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 59: 43-59.
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MECHOSO, C.R. and PÉREZ-IRIBARREN, G.1992 Stream flow in Southeastern South America and the Southern Oscillation. Journal of Climate, 5:1535-1539.
MENEZES, N.A.; BUCKUP, P.A.; FIGUEIREDO, J.L.; MOURA, R.L. 2003 Catálogo de Peixes Marinhos do Brasil. Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brasil. 160p.
MESTERTON-GIBBONS, M. 1996 A Technique for finding optimal two-species harvesting policies.Ecological Modelling, 92: 235-244.
MGAP (MINISTERIO DE GANADERÍA,AGRICULTURA Y PESCA)-INAPE 1997 Decreto
149/997. Ajústase y actualízase la reglamentación referente a la explotación y dominio sobre riquezas del mar. Montevideo: Instituto Nacional de
Pesca. 16p.
MILITELLI, M.I. and MACCHI, G. 2006 spawning and fecundity of striped weakfish, Cynoscion guatucupa, in the Río de la Plata estuary and adjacent marine waters, Argentina-Uruguay.Fisheries Research, 77: 110-114.
MITCHELL, C.L. 1982 Bioeconomics of multispecies explotation in fisheries: management implications. In: MERCER, M.C. Multispecies Approaches to Fisheries management Advice Canadian Special Publication of Fisheries and Aquatic Science, 59: 157-162.
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