Análise histológica das brí¢nquias e do fígado de Bryconops caudomaculatus em diferentes concentrações de amônia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017v43n1p35Palavras-chave:
alteraçíµes morfológicas, contaminantes, histologia, toxicidadeResumo
O objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de diferentes concentrações de amônia não ionizada (zero; 0,15; 0,30; 0,50; 1,00 mg L-1 NH3) na histologia e morfologia das brí¢nquias e fígado de juvenis de Bryconops caudomaculatus. Após 96 horas de exposição, os peixes foram anestesiados e submetidos í necropsia para coleta de brí¢nquias e fígado, que foram incluídos em parafina. Alterações morfológicas nas lamelas secundárias das brí¢nquias foram observadas em concentrações a partir de 0,15 mg L-1, como hiperplasia, hipertrofia, deslocamento epitelial, fusão lamelar, edema, aneurisma lamelar com ruptura do epitélio e aumento na largura das lamelas. O fígado apresentou alterações histológicas (congestão nos capilares, processos inflamatórios e pigmentação endógena) na presença de 0,30 mg L-1 de NH3, que comprometeram as funções vitais, o metabolismo, processos de respiração, desintoxicação do organismo, hematopoese e provavelmente a osmorregulação. Os resultados sugerem que as alterações nas brí¢nquias e fígado podem ser usadas para monitorar o desempenho de peixes em cultivo intensivo.
Referências
BARBIERI, E.; CAMPOS-GARCIA, J.; MARTINEZ,D.S.T.; DA SILVA, J.R.M.C.; ALVES, O.L.; REZENDE, K.F.O. 2016 Histopathological Effects on Gills of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus,Linnaeus, 1758) Exposed to Pb and Carbon Nanotubes. Microscopy and Microanalysis, 22(6):1162-1169.
BARBIERI, E.; BONDIOLI,A.C.V. 2015 Acute toxicity of ammonia in Pacu fish (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887) at different temperatures levels.Aquaculture Research, 46(3): 564-571.
BENLI, A.C.K.; Kí–KSAL, G. 2005 The acute toxicity of ammonia on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)
larvae and fingerlings. Turkish Journal of Veterinary e Animal Sciences, 29(2): 339-344.
BENLI, A.C.K.; Kí–KSAL, G.; OZKUL, A. 2008 Sublethal ammonia exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.): Effects on gill, liver and kidney histology. Chemosphere, 72: 1355-1358.
BOYD, C.E.; TUCKER, C.S. 1992 Water quality and pond soil analyses for aquaculture. Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. Auburn University. Alabama,USA. 183p.
CARRIQUIRIBORDE, P.; DE LUCA, J.C.; DULOUT,F.N.; RONCO, A.E. 2007 Nucleolar variation in response to nutritional condition in juvenile pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes).
Journal Fish Biology, 70(3): 947-958.
COLT, J. 2002 List of spreadsheets prepared as a complement. In: WEDEMEYER G.A. editor. Fish
hatchery management, 2nd Ed. American Fisheries Society. 751 p.
COSTA-PEREIRA, R.; SEVERO-NETO, F. 2012 Dining out: Bryconops caudomaculatus jumps out of water to catch flies. Revista Chilena de História Natural,85(2): 241-244.
DONG, X.; ZHANG X.; QIN J; ZONG S. 2013 Acute ammonia toxicity and gill morphological changes
of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in normal versus supersaturated oxygen. Aquaculture
Research, 44(11): 1752í 1759.
EATON, A.D.; CLESCERI, L.S; RICE, E.W.; GREENBERG, A.B. 2005 Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st ed. Washington: American Public Health Association. American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation, 1368p.
FERNANDES, M.N.; MORON, S.E. 2014 Respiração e Adaptação Respiratórias. In: BALDISSEROTTO,
B.; CYRINO, J. E. P.; URBINARTI, E. C. Biologia e Fisiologia de peixes Neotropicais de água doce. Funep,p.203-231.
FERREIRA, F.W.; CUNHA, R.B.; BALDISSEROTTO,B. 2013 The survival and growth of juvenile silver
catfish, Rhamdia quelen, exposed to different NH3 and hardness levels. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 44(2): 293-299.
FRANCES, J.; NOWAK, B.F.; ALLAN, G.L. 2000 Effects of ammonia on juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus
bidyanus). Aquaculture, 183(1): 95-103.
GAD, S.C.; ROUSSEAUX, C.G. 2002 Use and misuse of statistics in the design and interpretation of
studies. In: HASCHEK, W.M.; ROUSSEAUX, X.G.; WALLIG, M.A. Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology.
Academic Press, San Diego, 1: 327-418.
GRAPHPAD INSTAT. 1998 Instat guide choosing and interpreting statistical tests, version 3.00. San
Diego. [online] URL: <http://www.graphpad.com/>
INOUE, L.A.K.A.; NETO, C.S.; MORAES, G. 2003 Clove oil as anaesthetic for juveniles of matrinxã
Brycon cephalus (Gunther, 1869). Ciência Rural,33(5): 943-947.
JONES, T.C.; HUNT, R.D.; KING, N.W. 2000 Patologia Veterinária. 6ª ed. ed. Manole LTDA, 1415p.
LEASE, H.M.; HANSEN, J.A.; BERGMAN, H.L.;MEYER, J.S. 2003 Structural changes in gills of Lost River suckers exposed to elevated pH and ammonia concentrations. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology. Part A, 134(4): 491í 500.
LINS, J.A.P.N.; KIRSCHNIK, P.G.; QUEIROZ, V.S.; CIRIO, S.M. 2010 Uso de peixes como biomarcadores para monitoramento ambiental aquático. Revista Acadêmica Ciência Agrária e
Ambiental, 8(4): 469-484.
LIEW H.J.; SINHA, A.K.; NAWATA, C. M.; BLUST, R.; WOOD, C.M.; DE BOECK, G. 2013 Differential
responses in ammonia excretion, sodium fluxes and gill permeability explain different sensitivities
to acute high environmental ammonia in three freshwater teleosts. Aquatic Toxicology, 126: 63-76.
MARTINEZ, C.B.R.; AZEVEDO, F.; WINKALER, E.U. 2004 Toxidade e efeitos da amônia em peixes
neotropicais. In: CYRINO, J.E.P.; URBINATI, E.C. Tópicos Especiais em Biologia Aquática e Aquicultura,Jaboticabal. p.81-95.
MERCANTE, C.T.J.; MARTINS, Y.K.; CARMO, C.F.;OSTI, J.S.; MAINARDES-PINTO, C.S.R.; TUCCI, A.
2007 Qualidade da água em viveiro de Tilápia do Nilo (Orechromis niloticus): caracterização diurna de variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas. São Paulo,Brasil. Bioikos, 21(2): 79-88.
MILNE, I.; SEAGER, J.; MALLETT, M.; SIMS, I. 2000 Effects of short-term pulsed ammonia exposure
on fish. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry, 19:2929í 2936.
MIRON, D.S.; MORAES, B.; BECKER, A.G.;CRESTANI, M.; SPANEVELLO, R.; LORO,V.L.; BALDISSEROTTO, B. 2008 Ammonia and pH effects on some metabolic parameters and gill histology of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae). Aquaculture, 277(3): 192í 196.
MIRON, D.S.; BECKER, A.G.; LORO, V.L.;BALDISSEROTTO, B. 2011 Waterborne ammonia
and silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen: survival and growth. Ciência Rural, 41(2): 349-353.
MORON, S.E.; ANDRADE, C.A.; FERNANDES, M.N. 2009 Response of mucous cells of the gills of
traíra (Hoplias malabaricus) and jeju (Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus) (Teleostei: Erythrinidae) to hypo- and hyper-osmotic ion stress. Neotropical Ichtyology, 7(3): 491-498.
PEREIRA, L.P.F.; MERCANTE, C.T.J. 2005 A amônia nos sistemas de criação de peixes e seus efeitos
sobre a qualidade da água. Uma revisão. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 31(1): 81-88.
PIEDRAS, S.R.N.; OLIVEIRA, J.L.R.; MORAES, P.R.R.M.; BAGER, A. 2006 Toxicidade aguda da amônia não ionizada e do nitrito em alevinos de Cichlasoma facetum (JENYNS, 1842). Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 30(5): 1008-1012.
POLEKSIÄ" , V.; MITROVIÄ" -TUTUNDŽIÄ" , V. 1994 Fish gills as a monitor of sublethal and chronic effects of pollution. In: MíÅ“LLER, R.; LLOYD, R. Sublethal and chronic effects of pollutants on freshwater fish. Oxford: Fishing News Books, p.339-352.
PORTO-FORESTI, F.; CASTILHO-ALMEIDA, R. B.; SENHORINI, J. A.; FORESTI, F. 2010. Biologia
e criação do lambari do rabo amarelo (Astyanax altiparanae). In: BALDISSEROTTO, B.; GOMES,
L.C. Espécies nativas para piscicultura no Brasil. Brasil:ed. UFSM. p. 101-115.
RANDALL, D. J.; TSUI, T. K. N. 2002 Ammonia toxicity in fish. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 45(1-12): 17-23.
ROUMIEH, R.; BARAKAT, A.; ABDELMEGUID, N.E.; SAOUD, I.P. 2013 Acute and chronic effects of
aqueous ammonia on marbled spinefoot rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus (Forsska° l 1775). Aquaculture Research, 44(11): 1777í 1790.
SAHA, N.; DUTTA, S.; BHATTACHARJEE, A. 2002 Role of amino acid metabolism in air-breathing
catfish, Clarias batrachus in response to exposure to a high concentration of exogenous ammonia. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B,133(2): 235-250.
SILVA, C.C.; FERREIRA, E.J.G.; DEUS, C.P. 2008 Diet of Bryconops alburnoides and Bryconops caudomaculatus (Osteichthyes: Characiformes) in the region affected by Balbina Hydroeletric Dam (Amazon drainage, Brazil). Neotropical Ichthyology, 6(2):237-242.
SINHA, A.K.; LIEW, H.J.; DIRICX, M.; KUMAR, V.; DARRAS, V.M.; BLUST, R.; DE BOECK, G. 2012
Combined effects of high environmental ammonia, starvation and exercise on hormonal and ionregulatory response in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.). Aquatic Toxicology, 114-115: 153-164.
SPENCER, P.; POLLOCK, R.; DUBÉ, M. 2008 Effects of un-ionized ammonia on histological, endocrine, and whole organism endpoints in slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus). Aquatic Toxicology, 90(4): 300í 309.
VERDOUW, H.; VAN ECHTELD, C.J.A.; DEKKERS,E.M.J. 1978 Ammonia determination based on
indophenol formation with sodium salicylate. Water Research, 12(6): 399-402.
VIJAYAVEL, K.; RANI, E.F.; ANBUSELVAN, C.; BALASUBRAMANIAN, M.P. 2006 Interactive
effects of monocrotophos and ammonium chloride on the freshwater fish Oreochromis massambicus with reference to lactate/pyruvate ratio. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 86(3): 157-161.
WEE, N.L.J.; TING, Y.Y.M.; CHENG, H.T.; LEE, S.M.; CHEW, S.F.; IP, Y.K. 2007 Ammonia toxicity and
tolerance in the brain of the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Aquatic Toxicology, 82(3): 204í 213.
WINGERT, J.; ALABARBA L.R. 2011 A new species of Bryconops (Teleostei: Characidae) from the
rio Madeira basin, Northern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9(3): 471-476.
WRIGHT, P.A.; WOOD, C.M. 2012 Seven things fish know about ammonia and we don’t. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 184(3): 231-240.
ZACHARY, J.F.; MCGAVIN, M.D. 2013 Bases da Patologia em Veterinária. ed. Elsevier, 5ª ed. 1344p
BARBIERI, E.; BONDIOLI,A.C.V. 2015 Acute toxicity of ammonia in Pacu fish (Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887) at different temperatures levels.Aquaculture Research, 46(3): 564-571.
BENLI, A.C.K.; Kí–KSAL, G. 2005 The acute toxicity of ammonia on tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.)
larvae and fingerlings. Turkish Journal of Veterinary e Animal Sciences, 29(2): 339-344.
BENLI, A.C.K.; Kí–KSAL, G.; OZKUL, A. 2008 Sublethal ammonia exposure of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.): Effects on gill, liver and kidney histology. Chemosphere, 72: 1355-1358.
BOYD, C.E.; TUCKER, C.S. 1992 Water quality and pond soil analyses for aquaculture. Alabama Agricultural Experiment Station. Auburn University. Alabama,USA. 183p.
CARRIQUIRIBORDE, P.; DE LUCA, J.C.; DULOUT,F.N.; RONCO, A.E. 2007 Nucleolar variation in response to nutritional condition in juvenile pejerrey Odontesthes bonariensis (Valenciennes).
Journal Fish Biology, 70(3): 947-958.
COLT, J. 2002 List of spreadsheets prepared as a complement. In: WEDEMEYER G.A. editor. Fish
hatchery management, 2nd Ed. American Fisheries Society. 751 p.
COSTA-PEREIRA, R.; SEVERO-NETO, F. 2012 Dining out: Bryconops caudomaculatus jumps out of water to catch flies. Revista Chilena de História Natural,85(2): 241-244.
DONG, X.; ZHANG X.; QIN J; ZONG S. 2013 Acute ammonia toxicity and gill morphological changes
of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus in normal versus supersaturated oxygen. Aquaculture
Research, 44(11): 1752í 1759.
EATON, A.D.; CLESCERI, L.S; RICE, E.W.; GREENBERG, A.B. 2005 Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st ed. Washington: American Public Health Association. American Water Works Association and Water Environment Federation, 1368p.
FERNANDES, M.N.; MORON, S.E. 2014 Respiração e Adaptação Respiratórias. In: BALDISSEROTTO,
B.; CYRINO, J. E. P.; URBINARTI, E. C. Biologia e Fisiologia de peixes Neotropicais de água doce. Funep,p.203-231.
FERREIRA, F.W.; CUNHA, R.B.; BALDISSEROTTO,B. 2013 The survival and growth of juvenile silver
catfish, Rhamdia quelen, exposed to different NH3 and hardness levels. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 44(2): 293-299.
FRANCES, J.; NOWAK, B.F.; ALLAN, G.L. 2000 Effects of ammonia on juvenile silver perch (Bidyanus
bidyanus). Aquaculture, 183(1): 95-103.
GAD, S.C.; ROUSSEAUX, C.G. 2002 Use and misuse of statistics in the design and interpretation of
studies. In: HASCHEK, W.M.; ROUSSEAUX, X.G.; WALLIG, M.A. Handbook of Toxicologic Pathology.
Academic Press, San Diego, 1: 327-418.
GRAPHPAD INSTAT. 1998 Instat guide choosing and interpreting statistical tests, version 3.00. San
Diego. [online] URL: <http://www.graphpad.com/>
INOUE, L.A.K.A.; NETO, C.S.; MORAES, G. 2003 Clove oil as anaesthetic for juveniles of matrinxã
Brycon cephalus (Gunther, 1869). Ciência Rural,33(5): 943-947.
JONES, T.C.; HUNT, R.D.; KING, N.W. 2000 Patologia Veterinária. 6ª ed. ed. Manole LTDA, 1415p.
LEASE, H.M.; HANSEN, J.A.; BERGMAN, H.L.;MEYER, J.S. 2003 Structural changes in gills of Lost River suckers exposed to elevated pH and ammonia concentrations. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology. Part A, 134(4): 491í 500.
LINS, J.A.P.N.; KIRSCHNIK, P.G.; QUEIROZ, V.S.; CIRIO, S.M. 2010 Uso de peixes como biomarcadores para monitoramento ambiental aquático. Revista Acadêmica Ciência Agrária e
Ambiental, 8(4): 469-484.
LIEW H.J.; SINHA, A.K.; NAWATA, C. M.; BLUST, R.; WOOD, C.M.; DE BOECK, G. 2013 Differential
responses in ammonia excretion, sodium fluxes and gill permeability explain different sensitivities
to acute high environmental ammonia in three freshwater teleosts. Aquatic Toxicology, 126: 63-76.
MARTINEZ, C.B.R.; AZEVEDO, F.; WINKALER, E.U. 2004 Toxidade e efeitos da amônia em peixes
neotropicais. In: CYRINO, J.E.P.; URBINATI, E.C. Tópicos Especiais em Biologia Aquática e Aquicultura,Jaboticabal. p.81-95.
MERCANTE, C.T.J.; MARTINS, Y.K.; CARMO, C.F.;OSTI, J.S.; MAINARDES-PINTO, C.S.R.; TUCCI, A.
2007 Qualidade da água em viveiro de Tilápia do Nilo (Orechromis niloticus): caracterização diurna de variáveis físicas, químicas e biológicas. São Paulo,Brasil. Bioikos, 21(2): 79-88.
MILNE, I.; SEAGER, J.; MALLETT, M.; SIMS, I. 2000 Effects of short-term pulsed ammonia exposure
on fish. Environmental Toxicology Chemistry, 19:2929í 2936.
MIRON, D.S.; MORAES, B.; BECKER, A.G.;CRESTANI, M.; SPANEVELLO, R.; LORO,V.L.; BALDISSEROTTO, B. 2008 Ammonia and pH effects on some metabolic parameters and gill histology of silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen (Heptapteridae). Aquaculture, 277(3): 192í 196.
MIRON, D.S.; BECKER, A.G.; LORO, V.L.;BALDISSEROTTO, B. 2011 Waterborne ammonia
and silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen: survival and growth. Ciência Rural, 41(2): 349-353.
MORON, S.E.; ANDRADE, C.A.; FERNANDES, M.N. 2009 Response of mucous cells of the gills of
traíra (Hoplias malabaricus) and jeju (Hoplerythrinus unitaeniatus) (Teleostei: Erythrinidae) to hypo- and hyper-osmotic ion stress. Neotropical Ichtyology, 7(3): 491-498.
PEREIRA, L.P.F.; MERCANTE, C.T.J. 2005 A amônia nos sistemas de criação de peixes e seus efeitos
sobre a qualidade da água. Uma revisão. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 31(1): 81-88.
PIEDRAS, S.R.N.; OLIVEIRA, J.L.R.; MORAES, P.R.R.M.; BAGER, A. 2006 Toxicidade aguda da amônia não ionizada e do nitrito em alevinos de Cichlasoma facetum (JENYNS, 1842). Ciência e Agrotecnologia, 30(5): 1008-1012.
POLEKSIÄ" , V.; MITROVIÄ" -TUTUNDŽIÄ" , V. 1994 Fish gills as a monitor of sublethal and chronic effects of pollution. In: MíÅ“LLER, R.; LLOYD, R. Sublethal and chronic effects of pollutants on freshwater fish. Oxford: Fishing News Books, p.339-352.
PORTO-FORESTI, F.; CASTILHO-ALMEIDA, R. B.; SENHORINI, J. A.; FORESTI, F. 2010. Biologia
e criação do lambari do rabo amarelo (Astyanax altiparanae). In: BALDISSEROTTO, B.; GOMES,
L.C. Espécies nativas para piscicultura no Brasil. Brasil:ed. UFSM. p. 101-115.
RANDALL, D. J.; TSUI, T. K. N. 2002 Ammonia toxicity in fish. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 45(1-12): 17-23.
ROUMIEH, R.; BARAKAT, A.; ABDELMEGUID, N.E.; SAOUD, I.P. 2013 Acute and chronic effects of
aqueous ammonia on marbled spinefoot rabbitfish, Siganus rivulatus (Forsska° l 1775). Aquaculture Research, 44(11): 1777í 1790.
SAHA, N.; DUTTA, S.; BHATTACHARJEE, A. 2002 Role of amino acid metabolism in air-breathing
catfish, Clarias batrachus in response to exposure to a high concentration of exogenous ammonia. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology - Part B,133(2): 235-250.
SILVA, C.C.; FERREIRA, E.J.G.; DEUS, C.P. 2008 Diet of Bryconops alburnoides and Bryconops caudomaculatus (Osteichthyes: Characiformes) in the region affected by Balbina Hydroeletric Dam (Amazon drainage, Brazil). Neotropical Ichthyology, 6(2):237-242.
SINHA, A.K.; LIEW, H.J.; DIRICX, M.; KUMAR, V.; DARRAS, V.M.; BLUST, R.; DE BOECK, G. 2012
Combined effects of high environmental ammonia, starvation and exercise on hormonal and ionregulatory response in goldfish (Carassius auratus L.). Aquatic Toxicology, 114-115: 153-164.
SPENCER, P.; POLLOCK, R.; DUBÉ, M. 2008 Effects of un-ionized ammonia on histological, endocrine, and whole organism endpoints in slimy sculpin (Cottus cognatus). Aquatic Toxicology, 90(4): 300í 309.
VERDOUW, H.; VAN ECHTELD, C.J.A.; DEKKERS,E.M.J. 1978 Ammonia determination based on
indophenol formation with sodium salicylate. Water Research, 12(6): 399-402.
VIJAYAVEL, K.; RANI, E.F.; ANBUSELVAN, C.; BALASUBRAMANIAN, M.P. 2006 Interactive
effects of monocrotophos and ammonium chloride on the freshwater fish Oreochromis massambicus with reference to lactate/pyruvate ratio. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, 86(3): 157-161.
WEE, N.L.J.; TING, Y.Y.M.; CHENG, H.T.; LEE, S.M.; CHEW, S.F.; IP, Y.K. 2007 Ammonia toxicity and
tolerance in the brain of the African sharptooth catfish, Clarias gariepinus. Aquatic Toxicology, 82(3): 204í 213.
WINGERT, J.; ALABARBA L.R. 2011 A new species of Bryconops (Teleostei: Characidae) from the
rio Madeira basin, Northern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 9(3): 471-476.
WRIGHT, P.A.; WOOD, C.M. 2012 Seven things fish know about ammonia and we don’t. Respiratory Physiology & Neurobiology, 184(3): 231-240.
ZACHARY, J.F.; MCGAVIN, M.D. 2013 Bases da Patologia em Veterinária. ed. Elsevier, 5ª ed. 1344p
Downloads
Publicado
2017-03-21
Edição
Seção
Artigo científico
