Anesthetic effect and acute toxicity of Citrus sinensis  essential oil in betta

Rafael Carvalho da  Silva; Louis Ramos Silva; Igor de Fiuza França; Jane Mello Lopes; Bruna Tassia dos Santos Pantoja; Marcelo Maia Pereira; Leonardo Rocha Vidal Ramos

Authors

Rafael Carvalho da Silva Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – Instituto de Zootecnia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal – Seropédica (RJ), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2543-3561
Louis Ramos Silva Universidade Estadual do Maranhão – Centro de Ciências Agrárias – São Luís (MA), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7858-5761
Igor de Fiuza França Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – Instituto de Zootecnia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal – Seropédica (RJ),Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8381-1647
Jane Mello Lopes Universidade Federal do Maranhão – Centro de Ciências Ambientais de Chapadinha – Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Ambientais – Chapadinha (MA), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0396-3104
Bruna Tassia dos Santos Pantoja Universidade de São Paulo – Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia – Departamento de Cirurgia – São Paulo (SP), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9164-1940
Marcelo Maia Pereira Fundação Instituto de Pesca do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – Centro de Treinamento em Aquicultura – Rio das Flores (RJ), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1898-2722
Leonardo Rocha Vidal Ramos Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro – Instituto de Zootecnia - Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal – Seropédica (RJ), Brazil. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1348-6006

Keywords:

Behavior, Limonene, Orange, Ornamental fish, Stress

Abstract

This study investigated the use of Citrus sinensis essential oil (EOCS) in Betta splendens, evaluating toxicity, induction and recovery times to anesthesia, its action on agonist behavior, and on male collective transport. To toxicity, fish were exposed to EOCS at different concentrations during 48 h. The induction test was performed to evaluate sedation, anesthesia, and recovery under different concentrations. To assess agonist behavior, male subjects were maintained with different dosages of EOCS, assessing opercular beat and fin expansion, while exposed to untreated animals. In the mass transport study, males were divided into two treatments with two levels of EOCS, for 6 h, also analyzing gill histometry at the end of transport. The results obtained show that the mean lethal concentration in 48 h of exposure to EOCS was calculated at 49.17 μL·L⁻¹. The shortest anesthesia induction time was at 300 μL·L−1 EOCS. EOCS was able to reduce agonist behavior in males individual. Histometric analyzes revealed a reduction in the height of gill filaments in fish transported with 20 μL·L^-1 EOCS. EOCS can be used as a sedative and anesthetic agent for B. splendens.

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