Feeding frequency and stocking density for fat snook juveniles reared in net cages
Keywords:
Centropomus parallelus, growth, feeding strategyAbstract
In order to evaluate the effect of feeding frequency and stocking density on the zootechnical parameters, juvenile fat snook (3.0 ± 0.96 g and 6.8 ± 0.67 cm) were distributed in 12 groups of fish in four treatments: (T1A) 100 fish m-3 and 2 meals day-1; (T1B) 100 fish m-3 and 4 meals day-1; (T2A) 200 fish m-3 and 2 meals day-1 and (T2B) 200 fish m-3 and 4 meals day-1. Food was offered until apparent satiation during the experimental period of 90 days. Fish weight and length were determined every 30 days. At the end of the experiment, survival rates ranged from 85 to 89%, with no difference among the treatments (p>0.05). Total length and condition factor values were similar among the treatments (p>0.05), being 12.6 ± 0.27 cm and 0.98 ± 0.05, respectively. Weight gain varied between T2A and T2B treatments (p<0.05). Apparent feed conversion started to differ from 60-days of cultivation between the treatments with juveniles stocked at 100 and 200 fish m-3 (p<0.05), being better at the lowest density (2.2). It is recommended to use the feeding frequency of 4 times daily and the stocking density of 200 fish m-3 during the nursery phase, as at this density, although the worst conversion rate was observed (3.1), final biomass value was 2 times higher (3.5 kg) when compared to the lowest stocking density (1.75 kg).
References
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Optimization of feeding frequency of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) fry reared in net cages under brackishwater environment. Aquaculture,305: 26í 31.
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DWYER, K.S.; BROWN, J.A.; PARRISH, C. 2002 Feeding frequency affects food consumption,feeding pattern and growth of juvenile yellowtail flounder, Limanda ferruginea.Aquaculture, 213: 279-292.
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MCCARTHY, I.D.; GAIR, D.J.; HOULIHAN, D.F.1999 Feeding rank and dominance in Tilapia rendalli under defensible patterns of food distribution. Journal of Fish Biology, 55: 854í 867.
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PAPOUTSOGLOU, S.E.; VOUTSINOS, G.A.;PANETSOS, F. 1990 The effect of photoperiod and density on growth rate of Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner) reared in a closed water system.Animal Science Review, 11: 73í 87.
PAPOUTSOGLOU, S.E.; TZIHA, G.; VRETTOS, X.;ATHANASIOU, A. 1998 Effects of stocking density on behavior and growth rate of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles reared in a closed circulated system. Aquaculture Engineering, 18: 135í 144.
RIVAS, L.R. 1986 Systematic review of the perciform fishes of the genus Centropomus. Copeia, 3: 579-611.
RIBEIRO, F.R. e TSUZUKI, M.Y. 2010 Compensatory growth responses in juvenile fat snook,Centropomus parallelus Poey, following food deprivation. Aquaculture Research, 41: e226-e233.
ROSENLUND, G.; KARLSEN, K.; TVEIT, A. 2004 Effect of feed composition and feeding
frequency on growth, feed utilization and nutrient retention in juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Aquaculture Nutrition, 10: 371-378.
SALAS-LEITON, E.; ANGUIS, V.; MANCHADO, M.; CAí"˜AVATE, J.P. 2008 Growth, feeding and oxygen consumption of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles stocked at different densities. Aquaculture, 285: 84í 89.
SCHNAITTACHER, G.; KING, V.W.; BERLINSKY,D. 2005 The effects of feeding requency on growth of juvenile Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. Aquaculture Research, 36: 370-377.
SCHRAM, E.; VAN DER HEUL, J.W.; KAMSTRA,A.; VERDEGEN, M.C.J. 2006 Stocking densitydependent growth of Dover sole (Solea solea).Aquaculture, 252: 339í 347.
SEIFFERT, M.B.; CERQUEIRA, V.R.; MADUREIRA,L.A.S. 2001 Effects of dietary (n-3) highly unsatured fatty acids (HUFA) on growth and survival of fat snook Centropomus parallelus, Pisces: Centropomidae larvae during first feeding. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 34: 645-651.
SILVA, R.; GOMES L.C.; BRANDÃO, F.R. 2007 Effect of feeding rate and frequency on tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) growth, production and feeding costs during the first growth phase in cages Clichenner. Aquaculture, 264: 135í 139.
SOUZA, J.H.; FRACALOSSI, D.M.; GARCIA, A.S.;RIBEIRO, F.F.; TSUZUKI, M.Y. 2011 Desempenho zootécnico e econômico de juvenis de robaloâ€"˜peva alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes concentrações proteicas.Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 46: 190-195.
TSUZUKI, M.Y. e BERESTINAS, A.C. 2008 Desempenho de juvenis de robalo-peva
Centropomus parallelus com diferentes dietas comerciais e frequência alimentares. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34: 535-541.
TSUZUKI, M.Y.; CERQUEIRA, V.R.; TELES, A.;DONEDA, S. 2007 Salinity tolerance of
laboratory reared juveniles of the fat snook Centropomus parallelus. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 55: 1-5.
TSUZUKI, M.Y.; CARDOSO, R.F.; CERQUEIRA, V.R.2008 Growth of juvenile fat snook Centropomus parallelus in cages at three stocking densities.Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34: 319-324.
ALVAREZ-LAJONCHíˆRE, S.; CERQUEIRA, V.R.;SILVA, I.D.; ARAíÅ¡LO, J.; REIS, M.A. 2002 Mass production of juveniles of the fat snook Centropomus parallelus in Brazil. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 33: 506-516.
AZZAYADI, M.; MARTINES, F.J.; ZAMORA, S.;SANCHEZ-VAZQUEZ, F. J.; MADRID, J.A. 2000 The influence of nocturnal vs. diurnal feeding condition under winter condition on growth and feed conversion of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax). Aquaculture, 182: 329-338.
BISWAS, G.; THIRUNAVUKKARASU, A.R.;SUNDARAY J.K.;. KAILASAM, M. 2010
Optimization of feeding frequency of Asian seabass (Lates calcarifer) fry reared in net cages under brackishwater environment. Aquaculture,305: 26í 31.
CAVALLI, R.O. e HAMILTON, S. 2009 Piscicultura marinha no Brasil com ênfase na produção do beijupirá. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal,6: 64-69.
CERQUEIRA V.R. e TSUZUKI, M.Y. 2009 A review of spawning induction, larviculture, and juvenile rearing of the fat snook, Centropomus parallelus.Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 35: 17í 28.
CERVIGÓN, F.; CIPRIANI, R.; FISCHER, W.; GARIBALDI, L.; HENDRICK, M.; LEMUS, A.J.;
MÁRQUEZ, R.; POUTIERS, J.M.; ROBAINA, G.;RODRIGUEZ, B. 1992 Fichas FAO de identificación de especies para los fines de la pesca. Guía de campo de las especies comerciales marinas y de aguas salobres de la costa septentrional de Sur América.
Rome: FAO. 513p.
CHUA, T.E. e TENG, S.K. 1978 Effects of feeding frequency on the growth of young estuary grouper, Epinephelus tauvina, cultured in floating netcages. Aquaculture, 14: 31-47.
DWYER, K.S.; BROWN, J.A.; PARRISH, C. 2002 Feeding frequency affects food consumption,feeding pattern and growth of juvenile yellowtail flounder, Limanda ferruginea.Aquaculture, 213: 279-292.
EDDY, F.B. 2005 Ammonia in estuaries and effects on fish. Journal of Fish Biology, 67: 1495-1513.
GRAYTON, B.D. e BEAMISH, F.W. 1977 Effects of feeding frequency on food intake, growth and body composition of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri. Aquaculture, 11: 159-172.
HATZIATHANASIOU M.A.; PASPATIS, M.;HOUBART, P.; KESTEMONT, S.; STEFANAKIS,
M. 2002 Survival, growth and feeding in early life stages of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) intensively cultured under different stocking densities. Aquaculture, 205: 89-102.
IRWIN, S.; O’HALLRAM, J.; FITZGERALD, R.D.1999 Stocking density, growth and growth variation in juvenile turbot, Scophthalmus maximus. Aquaculture, 178: 77-88.
LIU, F.G. e LIAO, C.I. 1999 Effect of feeding regime on the food consumption, growth and body composition in hybrid striped bass Morone saxitilis X M. chrysops. Fisheries Science, 64: 513-519.
LIMA-JUNIOR, S.E.; CARDONE, I.B.; GOITEIN, R.2002 Determination of a method for calculation of allometric condition factor of fish. Acta Scientiarum, 24: 397-400.
MCCARTHY, I.D.; GAIR, D.J.; HOULIHAN, D.F.1999 Feeding rank and dominance in Tilapia rendalli under defensible patterns of food distribution. Journal of Fish Biology, 55: 854í 867.
MENDES, P.P. 1999 Estatística aplicada í Aquicultura.Recife: Bagaço. 265p.
NEVES, F.F. 2008 Influência da frequência alimentar sobre o desempenho de juvenis de robalo í peva Centropomus parallelus. Florianópolis. 28p.(Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina). Disponível em:https://repositorio.ufsc.br Acesso em: julho de 2013.
OSTINI, S.; OLIVEIRA, I.R.; SERRALHEIRO, P.C.S.; SANCHES, E.G. 2007 Criação do robalo-peva ("Centropomus parallelus") submetido a diferentes densidades de estocagem. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal, 8: 250-257.
PAPOUTSOGLOU, S.E.; VOUTSINOS, G.A.;PANETSOS, F. 1990 The effect of photoperiod and density on growth rate of Oreochromis aureus (Steindachner) reared in a closed water system.Animal Science Review, 11: 73í 87.
PAPOUTSOGLOU, S.E.; TZIHA, G.; VRETTOS, X.;ATHANASIOU, A. 1998 Effects of stocking density on behavior and growth rate of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles reared in a closed circulated system. Aquaculture Engineering, 18: 135í 144.
RIVAS, L.R. 1986 Systematic review of the perciform fishes of the genus Centropomus. Copeia, 3: 579-611.
RIBEIRO, F.R. e TSUZUKI, M.Y. 2010 Compensatory growth responses in juvenile fat snook,Centropomus parallelus Poey, following food deprivation. Aquaculture Research, 41: e226-e233.
ROSENLUND, G.; KARLSEN, K.; TVEIT, A. 2004 Effect of feed composition and feeding
frequency on growth, feed utilization and nutrient retention in juvenile Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua. Aquaculture Nutrition, 10: 371-378.
SALAS-LEITON, E.; ANGUIS, V.; MANCHADO, M.; CAí"˜AVATE, J.P. 2008 Growth, feeding and oxygen consumption of Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) juveniles stocked at different densities. Aquaculture, 285: 84í 89.
SCHNAITTACHER, G.; KING, V.W.; BERLINSKY,D. 2005 The effects of feeding requency on growth of juvenile Atlantic halibut, Hippoglossus hippoglossus L. Aquaculture Research, 36: 370-377.
SCHRAM, E.; VAN DER HEUL, J.W.; KAMSTRA,A.; VERDEGEN, M.C.J. 2006 Stocking densitydependent growth of Dover sole (Solea solea).Aquaculture, 252: 339í 347.
SEIFFERT, M.B.; CERQUEIRA, V.R.; MADUREIRA,L.A.S. 2001 Effects of dietary (n-3) highly unsatured fatty acids (HUFA) on growth and survival of fat snook Centropomus parallelus, Pisces: Centropomidae larvae during first feeding. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 34: 645-651.
SILVA, R.; GOMES L.C.; BRANDÃO, F.R. 2007 Effect of feeding rate and frequency on tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) growth, production and feeding costs during the first growth phase in cages Clichenner. Aquaculture, 264: 135í 139.
SOUZA, J.H.; FRACALOSSI, D.M.; GARCIA, A.S.;RIBEIRO, F.F.; TSUZUKI, M.Y. 2011 Desempenho zootécnico e econômico de juvenis de robaloâ€"˜peva alimentados com dietas contendo diferentes concentrações proteicas.Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 46: 190-195.
TSUZUKI, M.Y. e BERESTINAS, A.C. 2008 Desempenho de juvenis de robalo-peva
Centropomus parallelus com diferentes dietas comerciais e frequência alimentares. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34: 535-541.
TSUZUKI, M.Y.; CERQUEIRA, V.R.; TELES, A.;DONEDA, S. 2007 Salinity tolerance of
laboratory reared juveniles of the fat snook Centropomus parallelus. Brazilian Journal of Oceanography, 55: 1-5.
TSUZUKI, M.Y.; CARDOSO, R.F.; CERQUEIRA, V.R.2008 Growth of juvenile fat snook Centropomus parallelus in cages at three stocking densities.Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34: 319-324.
Published
2018-11-17
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Section
Scientific Article
