Increasing levels of crude protein in practical diets for amazon prawn
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017v43n3p417Keywords:
aquaculture, body composition, growth, energy, protein ratio, nutritionAbstract
The aim of the study was to evaluate the performance of Amazon prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum, fed practical diets containing increasing levels of crude protein. Experimental design followed a complete randomized distribution, with five treatments and six replicates. The treatments are equivalent to crude protein levels, dry matter basis, in the diet: 200, 250, 300, 350 and 400 g kg-1. Experimental units were into a recirculation system with mechanical and biological filters to keep the water quality within the suitable range for prawn culture. At the end of the trial, mean prawn survival ranged from 84.8 to 91.3 % without significant differences among treatments (p > 0.05). Results show a quadratic growth for final weight, weight gain, final length and length growth, with the increase of crude protein levels in the diet. Prawn fed diets with 370 and 348 g kg-1 achieved significant higher weight gain and length growth, respectively (p < 0.05). The body composition of Amazon prawns was influenced by crude protein levels in the diet, having the level of 350 g kg-1 caused an increase in moisture content and reduction in crude protein deposition (p < 0.05), when compared to the level of 200 g kg-1. The recommended crude protein level in the diet of M. amazonicum juveniles is 370 g kg-1.
References
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composition in the Amazon River prawn,Macrobrachium amazonicum. Aquaculture,287(3):341í 348.
APHA - American Public Health Association. 2005 Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st. ed. Washington. 1082p.
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coast of Brazil (Guajará Bay, Belém, Pará).Brazilian Journal of Biology, 71(4):925-935.
BORBA, M.R.; FRACALOSSI, D.M.; PEZZATO, L.E. 2006 Dietary energy requirement of piracanjuba
fingerlings, Brycon orbignyanus, and relative utilization of dietary carbohydrate and lipid.Aquaculture Nutrition, 12(3):183í 191.
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TIDWELL, J.H.; D’ABRAMO, L.R.; KUTTY,M.N. Freshwater Prawns: Biology and Farming.New Delhi, India: Blackwell Publishing Ltd,1:524-530.
DUTRA, F.M.; FORNECK, S.C.; BRAZÃO, C.C.;FREIRE, C.A.; BALLESTER, E.L.C. 2016 Acute toxicity of ammonia to various life stages of the Amazon river prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum, Heller, 1862. Aquaculture, 453(1):104-109.
FERRARI, J.E.C.; BARROS, M.M.; PEZZATO, L.E.; GONí"¡ALVES, G.S.; HISANO, H.; KLEEMANN,G.K. 2004 Níveis de cobre em dietas para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Acta Scientiarum,26(4):429-436.
GODA, A.M.A.S. 2008 Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels and proteiní energy ratio on growth
indices, feed utilization and body composition of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
(de Man 1879) post larvae. Aquaculture Research,39(8): 891-901.
HERBECK, L.S.; UNGER, D.; WU,Y.; JENNERJAHN, T.C. 2013 Effluent, nutrient and organic matter
export from shrimp and fish ponds causing eutrophication in coastal and back-reef waters
of NE Hainan, tropical China. Continental Shelf Research, 57:92-104.
KIMPARA, J.M.; MORAES-VALENTI, P.; QUEIROZ, J.F.; NEW, M.B. 2013 Effects of Intensification of the Amazon River Prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum, Growâ€Âout on Effluent Quality. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 44(2):210-219.
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JALIHAL, D.R.; SANKOLLI, K.N. E SHENOY S. 1993 Evolution of larval developmental patterns and
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LIMA, J.F.; DA SILVA, L.M.A. 2015 Estrutura populacional e crescimento relativo do camarão
de água doce Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller,1862) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae)
em duas regiões do estado do Amapá, foz do Rio Amazonas, Brasil. Biota Amazônia (Biote
Amazonie, Biota Amazonia, Amazonian Biota),5(2):52-57.
LUCENA, M.N.; PINTO, M.R.; GARCON, D.P.;MCNAMARA, J.C.; LEONE, F.A. 2015 A kinetic
characterization of the gill V (H+)-ATPase in juvenile and adult Macrobrachium amazonicum,
a diadromous palaemonid shrimp. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 181(1):15-25.
MACIEL, C.R.; NEW, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C. 2012 The Predation of artemia nauplii by the larvae of the
amazon river prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862), is affected by prey density, time
of day, and ontogenetic development. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 43(5):659-669.
MACIEL, C.R.; VALENTI, W.C. 2009 Biology, Fisheries, and Aquaculture of the Amazon River
Prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum: A Review.Nauplius, 17(2):61-79.
MARTÍNEZ-CÓRDOVA, L.R.; CAMPANATORRES, A.; PORCHAS-CORNEJO, M.A.2003 Dietary protein level and natural food management in the culture of blue (Litopenaeus stylirostris) and white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in microcosms. Aquaculture Nutrition,9(3):155-160.
M I T R A , G . ; C H A T T O P A D H Y A Y , D . N . ;MUKHOPADHYAY, P. K. 2005 Nutrition and
Feeding in Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Aqua Feeds: Formulation & Beyond,
2(1):17-19.
NEW, M.B. 2005 Freshwater prawn farming: global status, recent research and a glance at the future. Aquaculture Research, 36(3):210-230.
ODINETZ-COLLART, O.; MOREIRA, L.C. 1993 Potencial pesqueiro do camarão Macrobrachium
amazonicum na Amazônia Central (Ilha do Careiro). Amazoniana, 12(3/4):399-413.
PAULRAJ, R. 1993 Handbook on Aquafarming:Aquaculture Feed, MPEDA, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India. 99p.
PEZZATO, L.E.; BARROS, M.M.; SAMPAIO, F.G.;FALCON, D.R.; GONí"¡ALVES, G.S.; HISANO, H. 2003 Relação energia: proteína dietária para pós-larvas de Macrobrachium amazonicum(Crustacea, Decapoda). Acta Scientiarum. AnimalSciences, 25(2):235-241.
RIBEIRO, K.; FRANCESCHINI-VICENTINI, I.B.;PAPA, L.P.; NOVO, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C.2012 Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fecundity of the Amazon River prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862).Aquaculture Research, 43(12):1756-1763.
SHIAU, S.Y.; LAN, C.W. 1996 Optimum dietary protein level and protein to energy ratio for
growth of grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus).Aquaculture, 145:259-266.
SILVA, D.J.; QUEIROZ, A.C. 2002 Análise dos Alimentos (Métodos químicos e biológicos). 3a. ed.,
Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa. 235p.
SPERANDIO, L.; NEW, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C. 2014 Transportation of Amazon river prawn
Macrobrachium amazonicum juveniles in different biomass densities. Aquaculture Research,
45(7):1264-1268.
STEWART, J. 2012 Cálculo. 8 reimpr. 2. ed. São Paulo: Cengage Learning. 688p.
TABINDA, A.B.; ALI, R.; YASAR, A.; RIAZ, G. 2016 Growth Response of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (Juveniles) to Isocaloric Diets with Variable Protein Levels. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 48(2):461-464.
TACEUCHI, W.; WATANABE, T. 1998 Fish Nutrition and mariculture. Department of Aquatic
Biosciences Tokyo University of Fisheries. JICA. Lampiran A. 230 p.
TACON, A.G.J. 1990 Standard methods for the nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp. Argent Laboratories Press.,Washington, U.S.A. 208 p.
URZíÅ¡A, A.; ANGER, K. 2011 Larval biomass and chemical composition at hatching in two geographically isolated clades of the shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum: intra- or interspecific variation? Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 55(4):236-246.
ZAR, J.H. 1996 Biostatistical analysis. 3.ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 663p.
composition in the Amazon River prawn,Macrobrachium amazonicum. Aquaculture,287(3):341í 348.
APHA - American Public Health Association. 2005 Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. 21st. ed. Washington. 1082p.
BANZATTO, D.A.; KRONKA, S.N. 2006 Experimentação Agrícola. 4.ed. Jaboticabal: Funep,
237p.
BARBIERI, E.; BONDIOLI, A.C.V.; MELO, C.B.; HENRIQUES, M.B. 2016 Nitrite toxicity to Litopenaeus schmitti (Burkenroad, 1936,Crustacea) at different salinity levels. Aquaculture Research, 47(4): 1260-1268.
BENTES, B.; CAí"˜ETE, V.R.; PEREIRA, L.J.G.; MARTINELLI-LEMOS, J.M.; ISAAC, V. 2012 Descrição socioeconômica da pesca do camarão Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862) (DECAPODA: PALAEMONIDAE) em um estuário da costa norte do Brasil: o caso da ilha do mosqueiro (PA). Boletim do Laboratório de Hidrobiologia, 25(1):31-48.
BENTES, B.S.; MARTINELLI, J.M.; SOUZA, L.S.;CAVALCANTE, D.V.; ALMEIDA, M.C.; ISAAC, V.J. 2011 Spatial distribution of the Amazon River prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller,1862) (Decapoda, Caridea, Palaemonidae) in two perennial creeks of an estuary on the northern
coast of Brazil (Guajará Bay, Belém, Pará).Brazilian Journal of Biology, 71(4):925-935.
BORBA, M.R.; FRACALOSSI, D.M.; PEZZATO, L.E. 2006 Dietary energy requirement of piracanjuba
fingerlings, Brycon orbignyanus, and relative utilization of dietary carbohydrate and lipid.Aquaculture Nutrition, 12(3):183í 191.
COYLE, S.D.; ALSTON, D.E.; SAMPAIO, C.M.S.2010 Nursery Systems and Management. In:NEW, M. B.; VALENTI, W. C.; TIDWELL, J. H.;D’ABRAMO, L. R.; KUTTY, M. N. Freshwater Prawns: Biology and Farming. New Delhi, India:Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 1:108-122.
D’ABRAMO, L.R.; NEW, M.B. 2010 Nutrition, Feedsand Feeding. In: NEW, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C.;
TIDWELL, J.H.; D’ABRAMO, L.R.; KUTTY,M.N. Freshwater Prawns: Biology and Farming.New Delhi, India: Blackwell Publishing Ltd,1:524-530.
DUTRA, F.M.; FORNECK, S.C.; BRAZÃO, C.C.;FREIRE, C.A.; BALLESTER, E.L.C. 2016 Acute toxicity of ammonia to various life stages of the Amazon river prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum, Heller, 1862. Aquaculture, 453(1):104-109.
FERRARI, J.E.C.; BARROS, M.M.; PEZZATO, L.E.; GONí"¡ALVES, G.S.; HISANO, H.; KLEEMANN,G.K. 2004 Níveis de cobre em dietas para tilápia do Nilo (Oreochromis niloticus). Acta Scientiarum,26(4):429-436.
GODA, A.M.A.S. 2008 Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels and proteiní energy ratio on growth
indices, feed utilization and body composition of freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii
(de Man 1879) post larvae. Aquaculture Research,39(8): 891-901.
HERBECK, L.S.; UNGER, D.; WU,Y.; JENNERJAHN, T.C. 2013 Effluent, nutrient and organic matter
export from shrimp and fish ponds causing eutrophication in coastal and back-reef waters
of NE Hainan, tropical China. Continental Shelf Research, 57:92-104.
KIMPARA, J.M.; MORAES-VALENTI, P.; QUEIROZ, J.F.; NEW, M.B. 2013 Effects of Intensification of the Amazon River Prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum, Growâ€Âout on Effluent Quality. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 44(2):210-219.
KOROLEFF, F. 1976 Determination of nutrients. In:GRASSHOFF, K. Methods of seawater analysis.
New York: Verlag Chemie Weinhein, 117-181.
JALIHAL, D.R.; SANKOLLI, K.N. E SHENOY S. 1993 Evolution of larval developmental patterns and
the process of freshwaterization in the prawn genus Macrobrachium Bate, 1868 (Decapoda,Palaemonidae). Crustaceana, 65(3): 365-376.
LIMA, J.F.; DA SILVA, L.M.A. 2015 Estrutura populacional e crescimento relativo do camarão
de água doce Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller,1862) (Crustacea, Decapoda, Palaemonidae)
em duas regiões do estado do Amapá, foz do Rio Amazonas, Brasil. Biota Amazônia (Biote
Amazonie, Biota Amazonia, Amazonian Biota),5(2):52-57.
LUCENA, M.N.; PINTO, M.R.; GARCON, D.P.;MCNAMARA, J.C.; LEONE, F.A. 2015 A kinetic
characterization of the gill V (H+)-ATPase in juvenile and adult Macrobrachium amazonicum,
a diadromous palaemonid shrimp. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part B: Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 181(1):15-25.
MACIEL, C.R.; NEW, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C. 2012 The Predation of artemia nauplii by the larvae of the
amazon river prawn, Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862), is affected by prey density, time
of day, and ontogenetic development. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 43(5):659-669.
MACIEL, C.R.; VALENTI, W.C. 2009 Biology, Fisheries, and Aquaculture of the Amazon River
Prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum: A Review.Nauplius, 17(2):61-79.
MARTÍNEZ-CÓRDOVA, L.R.; CAMPANATORRES, A.; PORCHAS-CORNEJO, M.A.2003 Dietary protein level and natural food management in the culture of blue (Litopenaeus stylirostris) and white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) in microcosms. Aquaculture Nutrition,9(3):155-160.
M I T R A , G . ; C H A T T O P A D H Y A Y , D . N . ;MUKHOPADHYAY, P. K. 2005 Nutrition and
Feeding in Freshwater Prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii). Aqua Feeds: Formulation & Beyond,
2(1):17-19.
NEW, M.B. 2005 Freshwater prawn farming: global status, recent research and a glance at the future. Aquaculture Research, 36(3):210-230.
ODINETZ-COLLART, O.; MOREIRA, L.C. 1993 Potencial pesqueiro do camarão Macrobrachium
amazonicum na Amazônia Central (Ilha do Careiro). Amazoniana, 12(3/4):399-413.
PAULRAJ, R. 1993 Handbook on Aquafarming:Aquaculture Feed, MPEDA, Ministry of Commerce, Govt. of India. 99p.
PEZZATO, L.E.; BARROS, M.M.; SAMPAIO, F.G.;FALCON, D.R.; GONí"¡ALVES, G.S.; HISANO, H. 2003 Relação energia: proteína dietária para pós-larvas de Macrobrachium amazonicum(Crustacea, Decapoda). Acta Scientiarum. AnimalSciences, 25(2):235-241.
RIBEIRO, K.; FRANCESCHINI-VICENTINI, I.B.;PAPA, L.P.; NOVO, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C.2012 Effect of polyunsaturated fatty acids on the fecundity of the Amazon River prawn Macrobrachium amazonicum (Heller, 1862).Aquaculture Research, 43(12):1756-1763.
SHIAU, S.Y.; LAN, C.W. 1996 Optimum dietary protein level and protein to energy ratio for
growth of grouper (Epinephelus malabaricus).Aquaculture, 145:259-266.
SILVA, D.J.; QUEIROZ, A.C. 2002 Análise dos Alimentos (Métodos químicos e biológicos). 3a. ed.,
Viçosa: Universidade Federal de Viçosa. 235p.
SPERANDIO, L.; NEW, M.B.; VALENTI, W.C. 2014 Transportation of Amazon river prawn
Macrobrachium amazonicum juveniles in different biomass densities. Aquaculture Research,
45(7):1264-1268.
STEWART, J. 2012 Cálculo. 8 reimpr. 2. ed. São Paulo: Cengage Learning. 688p.
TABINDA, A.B.; ALI, R.; YASAR, A.; RIAZ, G. 2016 Growth Response of the Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii (Juveniles) to Isocaloric Diets with Variable Protein Levels. Pakistan Journal of Zoology, 48(2):461-464.
TACEUCHI, W.; WATANABE, T. 1998 Fish Nutrition and mariculture. Department of Aquatic
Biosciences Tokyo University of Fisheries. JICA. Lampiran A. 230 p.
TACON, A.G.J. 1990 Standard methods for the nutrition and feeding of farmed fish and shrimp. Argent Laboratories Press.,Washington, U.S.A. 208 p.
URZíÅ¡A, A.; ANGER, K. 2011 Larval biomass and chemical composition at hatching in two geographically isolated clades of the shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum: intra- or interspecific variation? Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 55(4):236-246.
ZAR, J.H. 1996 Biostatistical analysis. 3.ed. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 663p.
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