Use of exogenous enzymes in diets for juvenile pompano trachinotus marginatus: growth and liver and intestine morphophysiology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2018.44.4.326Keywords:
carbohydrase, growth, phytase, proteinaseAbstract
This study investigated the use of exogenous enzymes in diets of juvenile pompano Trachinotus marginatus. Six diets (43% protein, 8% lipid), containing 0 (TC), 25 (T25), 50 (T50), 100 (T100), 250 (T250), and 500 (T500) mg kg-1 of multiple enzymes Rovabio ® MAX AP were produced. The effects on growth performance, body composition, liver glycogen, triglyceride levels, and intestinal and hepatic morphological alterations were assessed. The results showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in growth performance among fish fed diets T100, T250, and T500, with high liver triglyceride accumulation and changes in morphology in the fish fed diets T250 and T500. The calcium concentration in the bones showed a significant difference (P < 0.05) only in fish fed diets T50, T100, and T250 in relation to control. However, there were no significant differences in body composition, intestinal morphology, or liver glycogen concentration. These results suggest that 100 mg enzyme per kg diet was the optimal level of inclusion for juvenile pompano, favoring improved growth performance and calcium concentration in the bones without significant effects on liver triglyceride levels
References
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CHOCT, M. 2015 Feed non-starch polysaccharides for monogastric animals: classification and function. Animal Production Science, 55(12): 1360-1366.
COSTA, L.F.; MIRANDA-FILHO, K.C.; SEVERO, M.P.; SAMPAIO, L.A. 2008 Tolerance of juvenile pompano Trachinotus marginatus to acute ammonia and nitrite exposure at different salinity levels. Aquaculture, 285(1-4): 270-272.
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KROGDAHL, A.; BAKKE-MCKELLEP, A.M.; BAEVERFJORD, G. 2003 Effects of graded levels of standard soybean meal on intestinal structure, mucosal enzyme activities, and pancreatic response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(6): 361-371.
LAIZ-CARRIÓN, R.; VIANA, I.R.; CEJAS, J.R.; RUIZ-JARABO, I.; JEREZ, S.; MARTOS, J.A.; EDUARDO, A.B.; MANCERA, J.M.
2012 Influence of food deprivation and high stocking density on energetic metabolism and stress response in red porgy, Pagrus pagrusL. Aquaculture International, 20(3): 585-599.
LIN, S.; MAI, K.; TAN, B. Effects of exogenous enzyme supplementation in diets or growth and feed utilization in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus. Aquaculture Research, v. 38, n. 15, p. 1645-1653, 2007.
MARTÍNEZ-LLORENS, S.; BAEZA-ARIí"˜O, R.; NOGALES-MÉRIDA, S.; JOVER-CERDÁ, M.; TOMÁS-VIDAL, A. 2012 Carob seed germ meal as a partial substitute in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) diets: Amino acid retention, digestibility, gut and liver histology.
ADEOLA, O.; COWIESON, A.J. 2011 Board-invited review: opportunities and challenges in using exogenous enzymes to improve nonruminant animal production. Journal of Animal Science, 89(10): 3189-3218.
ADEOYE, A.A.; JARAMILLO-TORRES, A.; FOX, S.W.; MERRIFIELD, D.L.; DAVIES, S.J. 2016 Supplementation of formulated diets for tilapia (Oreochromis nioloticus) with selected exogenous enzymes: overall performance and effects on intestinal histology and microbiota. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 215(1): 133-143
AI, Q.; MAI, K.; ZHANG, W.; XU, W.; TAN, B.; ZHANG, C.; LI, H. 2007 Effects of exogenous enzymes (phytase, non-starch polysaccharide enzyme) in diets on growth, feed utilization, nitrogen and phosphorus excretion of Japanese seabass, Lateolabrax japonicus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 147(2): 502-508.
ALI ZAMINI, A.; KANANI, H.G.; AZAM ESMAEILI, A.; RAMEZANI, S.; ZORIEZAHRA, S.J. 2014 Effects of two dietary exogenous multi-enzyme supplementation, Natuzyme® and beta-mannanase (Hemicell®), on growth and blood parameters of Caspian salmon (Salmo trutta caspius) Comparative Clinical Pathology, 23(1): 187-192
AOAC í Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 1999 Official methods of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 16th of analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 16th ed. Washington: AOAC
AOAC í Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 2010 Official methods of analysis of Association of Official Analytical Chemists: method 965.17. 18th ed. Gaithersburg: AOAC International.
CAO, L.; WANG, W.; YANG, C.; YANG, Y. ; DIANA, J.; YAKUPITIYAGE, A.; LUO, Z.; LI, D. 2007 Application of microbial phytase in fish feed: review. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 40(4): 497-507.
CAPRITA, R.; CAPRITA, A.; JULEAN, C. 2010 Biochemical aspects of non-starch polysaccharides. Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 43(1): 368-374.
CARR, R.S.; NEFF, J.M. 1984 Quantitative semi-automated enzymatic assay for tissue glycogen. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 77(3): 447-449. PMid:6425007
CASTILLO, S.; GATLIN III, D.M. 2015 Dietary supplementation of exogenous carbohydrase enzymes in fish nutrition: a review. Aquaculture, 435(1): 286-292.
CHOCT, M. 2015 Feed non-starch polysaccharides for monogastric animals: classification and function. Animal Production Science, 55(12): 1360-1366.
COSTA, L.F.; MIRANDA-FILHO, K.C.; SEVERO, M.P.; SAMPAIO, L.A. 2008 Tolerance of juvenile pompano Trachinotus marginatus to acute ammonia and nitrite exposure at different salinity levels. Aquaculture, 285(1-4): 270-272.
DALSGAARD, J.; VERLHAC, V.; HJERMITSLEV, N.H.; EKMANN, K.S.; FISCHER, M.; KLAUSEN, M.; PEDERSEN, P.B. 2012 Effects of exogenous enzymes on apparent nutrient digestibility in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) fed diets with high inclusion of plant-based protein. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 171(2-4): 181-191.
DREW, M.D.; BORGESON, T.L.; THIESSEN, D.L. 2007 A review of processing of feed ingredients to enhance diet digestibility in finfish. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 138(2): 118-136.
FRACALOSSI, D.M.; CYRINO, J.E.P. (Ed.). 2013 Nutriaqua: nutrição e alimentação de espécies de interesse para a aquicultura brasileira. Florianópolis: Sociedade Brasileira Florianópolis: Sociedade Brasileira de Aquicultura e Biologia Aquática. 375p
GHOMI, M.R.; SHAHRIARI, R.; LANGROUDI, H.F.; NIKOO, M.; VON ELERT, E. 2012 Effects of exogenous dietary enzyme on growth, body composition, and fatty acid profiles of cultured great sturgeon Huso huso fingerlings. Aquaculture International, 20(2): 249-254
JIANG, T.-T.; FENG, L.; LIU, Y.; JIANG, W.-D.; JIANG, J.; LI, S.-H.; TANG, L.; KUANG, S.-Y.; ZHOU, X.-Q. 2014 Effects of exogenous xylanase supplementation in plant protein-enriched diets on growth performance, intestinal enzyme activities and microflora of juvenile Jian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian). Aquaculture Nutrition, 20(6):
632-645.
JORY, D.E.; IVERSEN, E.S.; LEWIS, R.H. 1985 Culture of fishes of the genus Trachinotus (Carangidae) in the western Atlantic: prospects and problems. Journal of the World Mariculture Society, 16(1-4): 87-94.
KAMALAM, B.S.; MEDALE, F.; PANSERAT, S. 2017 Utilization of dietary carbohydrates in farmed fishes: New insights on influencing factors, biological limitations and future strategies. Aquaculture, 467(1): 3-27.
KROGDAHL, A.; BAKKE-MCKELLEP, A.M.; BAEVERFJORD, G. 2003 Effects of graded levels of standard soybean meal on intestinal structure, mucosal enzyme activities, and pancreatic response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture Nutrition, 9(6): 361-371.
LAIZ-CARRIÓN, R.; VIANA, I.R.; CEJAS, J.R.; RUIZ-JARABO, I.; JEREZ, S.; MARTOS, J.A.; EDUARDO, A.B.; MANCERA, J.M.
2012 Influence of food deprivation and high stocking density on energetic metabolism and stress response in red porgy, Pagrus pagrusL. Aquaculture International, 20(3): 585-599.
LIN, S.; MAI, K.; TAN, B. Effects of exogenous enzyme supplementation in diets or growth and feed utilization in tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus x O. aureus. Aquaculture Research, v. 38, n. 15, p. 1645-1653, 2007.
MARTÍNEZ-LLORENS, S.; BAEZA-ARIí"˜O, R.; NOGALES-MÉRIDA, S.; JOVER-CERDÁ, M.; TOMÁS-VIDAL, A. 2012 Carob seed germ meal as a partial substitute in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) diets: Amino acid retention, digestibility, gut and liver histology.
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2018-12-25
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