Fish mycobacteriosis
Keywords:
mycobacteriosis, Mycobacterium marinum, granuloma, fishAbstract
Mycobacteriosis affects various species of fish, including those cultured with commercial purposes. It is a chronic systemic with granuloma forming disease known as fish tuberculosis or mycobacteriosis. In the last few years, the interest of fish culture has been increasing due to the reduction of the natural fish stock. However, the intensification of the fish cultures has been collaborated to the development of diseases, such as mycobacteriosis, causing losses due to the chronic characteristics and difficult diagnosis. Moreover, the etiological agents of mycobacteriosis are ubiquitarian, being encountered in water, soil and dust. The mycobacteriosis has been known since 1863, when Vilemin reported the tuberculosis in fish and some invertebrates; however little is known about this disease in fish, considering the large number of species in this group. Human may be infected by these bacteria, both in the workplace or recreational facilities, with the development of cutaneous granuloma known as swimming pool granuloma. This study makes a review of a number of papers on mycobacteriosis in order to increase the comprehension of the disease, contributing to the prevention of its establishment in the aquatic facilities, and thus, preserving cultured fish as well as human beings from infection.
References
ABERNETHY, C. S. e LUND, J. E. 1978 Mycobacteriosis in mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni) from the
Yakima river, Washington. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 14: 333 í 336.
ANRAKU, M. M. 1995 Estudo da cinética de infecção por Mycobacterium fortuitum isolados de humanos e de
águas, utilizando como modelo experimental camundongos suiços. São Paulo, SP. 90 p. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universididade Estadual Paulista.
ARAKAWA, C. K. e FRYER, J. L. 1984 Lesions and characterization of new subspecies of Mycobacterium chelonei infectious of salmonid fish. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 37:329-342.
ARONSON, J. D. 1926 Spontaneous tuberculosis in salt water fish. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 39: 315-320.
ASHBURNER, L. D. 1977 Mycobacteriosis in hatcheryconfined chinook salmon (Oncorhynchust schawytscha Walbaum) in Australia. Journal of Fish Biology, 10: 523-528.
BAKER, J. A.; HAGAN, W. A. 1942 Tuberculosis of the mexican platyfish (Platypoecilus maculatus). Journal
of Infectious Diseases, 70: 248í 252.
BARROS, G. C.; LANGENEGGER, C. H.; LANGENEGGER, J.; PEIXOTO, P. V. 1988 Surto de micobacteriose em criação
de rãs (Rana catesbeiana) causado por Mycobacterium marinum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 8 (3/4):
75-80.
BARTOS, J. M. E SOMMER, C. V. 1981 In vivo cell mediated immune response to M. tuberculosis and M. salmoniphilum in raimbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).Developmental and Comparative Immunology,5: 75-83.
BESSE, P. 1949 Epizootie í bacilles acido-résistants chez de poisson exotique. Bulletin de l’Académie Vétérinaire de France, 23: 151-154.
BRAGG, R. R.; HUCHZERMEYER, H. F. A. K.; HANISCH,M. A. M. 1990 Mycobacterium fortuitum isolated from three species of fish in South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 57: 101-102.
BUCKE, D. 1980 A note on acid-alcohol-fast bacteria in mackerel Scomber scombrus L. Journal of Fish Diseases, 3: 173í 175.
BULLOK, G. L.; CONROY, D.; SNIEZKO, S. 1971 Mycobacterial,Nocardial, and Streptomyces Diseases. In: Diseases of fishes, Book 2 A, Jersey City: TFH Publication, 1971, p.105 - 106.
CENTRO PANAMERICANO DE ZOONOSIS 1988 Bacteriologia de la tuberculosis humana y animal.Martinéz. 63 p. (Serie de monografias cientificas y tecnicas, 11).
CHINABUT, S.; LIMSUWAN, C.; CHANRATCHAKOOL, P. 1990 Mycobacteriosis in the snakehead, Channa striatus
(Fowler). Journal of Fish Diseases, 13:531í 535.
CLARK, H. F.; SHEPARD, C. C. 1963 Effect of enviromental temperature on infection with Mycobacterium marinum (Balnei) of mice and a number of poikilothermic species. Journal of Bacteriology, 86:1057-1069.
COLLINS, C. H.; GRANGE, J. M.; NOBLE, W. C.; YATES, M. D. 1985 Mycobacterium marinum infections in man.
Journal of Hygiene, 94: 135 í 149.
CONROY, D. A. 1970 Piscine tuberculosis in the sea water enviroment. In: SYMPOSIUM ON DISEASES OF FISHES AND SHELLFISHES (Ed. By S. F. Snieszko),American Fisheries Society, Special Publication, n.5, p. 273 - 278.
DAOUST, P. Y.; LARSON, B. E.; JOHNSON, G. R. 1989 Mycobacteriosis in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from two lakes in Alberta. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 25 (1): 31í 37.
DAVID, H. L.; JAHAN, M.; JUMIN, A.; GRANDY, J.; LEHMAN, E.H. 1978 Numerical taxnomic analysis of Mycobacterium africanum. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 28: 412 - 472.
DULIN, M. P. 1979 A review of tuberculosis (mycobacteriosis) in fish. Veterinary Medicine/Small Animal Clinician, 74: 731-735.
DUNBAR, C. E.; HERMAN, R. L. 1971 Visceral granuloma in Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalisi). J. Nutr., 101:
1445-1451.Micobacteriose em peixes
EVAN PAZ, Z.; HASS, H.; SACKS. I.; ROSENMANN, E. 1976 Mycobacterium marinum skin infections mimicking
leishmaniasis. British Journal of Dermatology, 94:435-442.
FALKINHAM III, J. O. 1996 Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 9 (2): 177-215.
GIAVENNI, R.; FINAZZI, M.; POLI. G.; GRIMALDI, E. 1980 Tuberculosis in marine tropical fishes in an aquarium. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 16 (2):161í 168.
GÓMEZ, S.; BERNABÉ, A.; GÓMEZ, M.A.; NAVARRO, J.A.; SÁNCHEZ, J. 1993 Fish mycobacteriosis: morphopathological and immunocytochemical aspects. Journal of Fish Diseases, 16: 137-141.
________ ; NAVARRO, J. A.; GÓMEZ, M. A., SÁNCHEZ, J.; BERNABÉ, A. 1996 Comparative study of immunohistochemical methods to diagnose mycobacteriosis in swordtail Xiphophorus helleri. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 24:117í 120.
GOODFELLOW, M.; MAGEED, J. G. 1988 Taxonomy of mycobacteria. In: GANGADHARAM D.R.J.; JENKINS, P. A. Mycobacteria: I basic aspects. New York:Chapman & Hall, p. 1 - 71.
________; WEINE, L. G. 1982 Taxonomy and nomenclature. In: RATLEDGE, C.; STANFORD, J. The biology of the
mycobacteria. London: Academic Press, v. 1, p. 471- 521.
GRANGE, J. M. 1981 Mycobacterium chelonei. Tubercle, 62: 273-276.
HATAI, K.; LAWHAVINIT, O.; KUBOTA, S. S.; TODA, K.; SUZUKI, N. 1988 Pathogenicity of Mycobacterium sp isolated
from pejerrey, Odonthestes bonariensis. Fish Pathology, 23 (3): 155 - 159.
________; LAWHAVINIT, O.; TODA, K.; SUGOU, Y. 1993 Mycobacterium infection in pejerrey, Odonthestes
bonariensis Couvier & Valencienes. Journal of Fish Diseases, 16: 394-402.
HEDRICK, R.P.; MC DOWELL, T.; GROFF, J. 1987 Mycobacteriosis in cultured striped bass from California. J. Wildlife Diseases, 23 (3): 391-395.
HINES, M. E.; KREEGER, J. M.; HERRON, A. J. 1995 Mycobacterial infections of animals: pathology and pathogenesis. Laboratory Animal Science,45 (4):334í 351.
INGLIS, V.; ROBERTS, R. J.; BROMAGE; N.R 1993 Bacterial diseases of fish. Cambridge: The University Press.
312 p.
IPPEN, R. 1964 Vergleichende pathologische untersuchungen über die spontane und experimentelle tuberkulose der kaltblüter. Abhandlungen Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Klasse für Medizin, 1: 1 í 90.
IREDELL, J.; WHITBY, M.; BLACKLOCK, Z. 1992 Mycobacterium marinum infection: epidemiology and presentation in Queensland 1971 - 1990. The Medical Journal of Australia, 157 (2): 596-598.
ISHIKAWA, C.M. 1998 Quantificação bacteriana e avaliação das lesões em peixes da espécie Oreochromis niloticus (tilápia do Nilo) inoculados experimentalmente com Mycobacterium marinum ATCC 927. São Paulo, SP. 59 p. Dissertação (Mestrado) í Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo.
JOLLY, H. W.; SEABURY, J. H. 1972 Infections with Mycobacterium marinum. Archives of Dermatology,106: 32 - 36.
KARLSON, A. G. 1980 Género Mycobacterium. In: MERCHANT, I.A.; PACKER, R.A. Bacteriologia y virologia veterinarias. 3. ed. Zaragoza: Acribia, Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc., p. 156-158:Mycobacteriosis (Tuberculosis).
KAWAKAMI, K.; KUSUDA, R. 1990 Efficacy of rifampicin, streptomycin and erythromycin against experimental
mycobacterium infection in cultured yellowtail. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 56 (1): 51 - 53.
KAZDA, J.F. 1983 The principles of the ecology of mycobacteria. In: RATLEDGE, C.; STANFORD, J, The biology of the mycobacteria. London: Academic Press, 2. p. 323 - 341.
KLUGE, J. P. 1965 A granulomatous disease of fish produced by Flavobacteria. Pathology Veterinarian, 2: 545.
KUBICA, G. P.; SILCOX, V. A.; HALL, E. 1973 Numerical taxonomic analysis of some slowly growing mycobacteria using hypothetical median strain pattern. J. Gen. Microbiol., 74:. 149 - 158.
LANSDELL, W.; DIXON, B.; SMITH, N.; BENJAMIN, L. 1993 Isolation of several Mycobacterium species from fish.
Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 5: 73 - 76.ISHIKAWA et al
LEPPER, A. W. D.; CORNER, L. A. 1983 Naturally occurring mycobacterioses of animals. In: RATLEDGE, C.;STANFORD, J. The biology of the mycobacteria. London: Academic Press, 2. p. 417 - 521.
LINELL, F. e NORDEN, A. 1954 Mycobacterium balnei. A new acid-fast bacillus occurring in swimming pools and
capable of producing skin lesions in humans. Acta Tuberculosea Scandinavica, 33: 1 - 85.
LORIA, P. R. 1976 Minocycline hydrochloride treatment for acid-fast infection. Archives of Dermatology, 112: 517 - 519.
LUND, J. E. e ABERNETHY, C. S. 1978 Lesions of tuberculosis in mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 14: 222 í 228.
MAGALHíES, H.; CARNEIRO, G. M.; PIRES, A. R.; MEDEIROS, M. I. M.; GONí"¡ALVES, W. M.; SILVA, M. C.; FONSECA, L. S.; SANTIAGO, S. S. F.; MELLO, S.C.R.P. 1991 Micobacteriose em rãs-touro (Rana catesbeiana, Shaw,1802). Revista de Microbiologia, 22 (3): 204.
MAJEED, S. K. e GOPINATH, C. 1983 Cutaneous tuberculosis in the carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Journal of Fish
Diseases, 6: 313 í 316.
________ ; ________ ; JOLLY, D.W. 1981 Pathology of spontaneous tuberculosis and pseudotuberculosis in fish. Journal of Fish Diseases, 4: 507 - 512.
MATUSHIMA, E.R. 1994 Avaliação do processo inflamatório crônico granulomatoso induzido experimentalmente
através da inoculação de BCG em peixes da espécie Oreochromis niloticus - Tilápia-do- Nilo. São Paulo. 110 p. Tese (Doutorado) - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo.
MCCORMICK, J. I.; HUGHES, M. S.; MCLOUGHLIN, M. F. 1995 Identification of Mycobacterium chelonae in a cichlid
oscar, Astronotus ocellatus Cuvier, by direct cycle sequencing of polymerase chain reaction aplified 16s rRNA gene sequences. Journal of Fish Diseases, 18:459 - 461.
MEISSNER, G. 1981 The value of animal models for study of infection due to atypical mycobacteria. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 3 (5): 953 - 959.
________ ; SCHRODER, K.H.; AMADIO, G.E.; ANZ, E.; CHAPARAS, S.; ENGEL, H.W.B.; JENKINS, P. A.; KAPPLER, W.; KLEEBERG, H. H.; KUBALA, E.; KUBIN, M.; LAUTERBACH, D.; LIND, A.; MAGNUSSON, M.; MIKOYA, Z.D.; PATTYN, S. R.; SCAEFER, W.B.; STANFORD, J.L.; TSUKAMURA, M.; WAYNE, L.G.;
WILLERS, L.; WOLINSKY, E. 1974 A cooperative numerical analysis of nonphotochromogenic slowly growing mycobacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol., 83: 207 - 235.
MOK, W.Y. e CARVALHO, C.M. 1984 Ocurrence and experimental infection of Toads (Bufo marinus and B. granulosus) with Mycobacterium chelonei subsp. abscessus. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 18:327 í 333.
MOLLOHAN, C.S. e ROMER, M.S. 1961 Public health significance of swimming pool granuloma. American Journal of Public Health, 51: 883 - 891.
MORAES, J.R.E; TORRES, H.A.; MARTINS, M.L; SOUZA, V.N.; MORAES, F.R. 1996 Tuberculose em Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802, em ranários comerciais diagnosticados pelo Centro de Aqüicultura da UNESP. In: ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO DE PATOLOGISTAS DE ORGASNIMOS AQUÁTICOS, 4, Pirassununga,Resumos.... p. 28.
NIGRELLI, R.F. 1953 Two diseases of the Neon Tetra, Hyphessobrycon innesi. Aquarium Journal, San Francisco, 24: 203 - 208.
________ e VOGEL, H. 1963 Spontaneous tuberculosis in fishes and other cold-blooded vertebrates with special reference to Mycobacterium fortuitum Cruz from fish and human lesions. Zoologica: New York Zoological Society, 48 (9): 131 í 144.
NOGA, E. J. 1996 Fish disease - Diagnosis and Treatment. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc. p. 156 - 8: Mycobacteriosis (Tuberculosis).
________; WRIGHT, J.F.; PASSARELL, L. 1990 Some unusual features of mycobacterioses in the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 102 ( 3): 335 - 344.
PARISOT, T. J. 1958 Tuberculosis of fish. Bacteriological
reviews, 22: 240-245.
________ e WOOD, E.M. 1960 A comparative study of a mycobacterial disease of salmonid fishes (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and a comparison of the staining characteristics of the fish disease with leprosy and human tuberculosis. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 82: 212 í 222.
RAMAKRISHNAN, L.; VALDIVIA, R.H.; MCKERROW, J.H.; FALKOW, S. 1977 Mycobacterium marinum causes both long-term subclinical infection and acute disease in the leopard frog (Rana pipiens). Infection and Immunity, 65 (2): 767í 773.Micobacteriose em peixes
RAMOS, M.C.C. 1997 Avaliação de aspectos morfológicos, histoquímicos, imunohistoquímicos e ultra-estruturais do processo inflamatótio crônico, induzido experimentalmente pela inoculação de Mycobacterium marinum vivo e morto pelo calor, em tartarugas tracajá Podocnemis unifilis, Troschel, 1848. São Paulo, SP. 135 p. Tese (Doutorado) - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo.
ROBERTS, R.J.; MCQUEEN, A.; SHEARER, W.M.; YOUNG, H. 1973 The histopathology of salmon tagging. I. The
tagging lesion in newly tagged parr. Journal of Fish Biology, 5: 497 - 504.
ROSS, A.J. 1960 Mycobacterium salmoniphilum sp. nov.from salmonid fishes. American Review of Respiratory
Diseases, 81: 241-250.
________ 1970 Mycobacteriosis among Pacific salmonid fishes. In: SYMPOSIUM ON DISEASES OF FISHES AND SHELLFISHES, Washington D.C. Special Publication, n. 5. Washington D.C. (Ed. By S. F. Snieszko), American Fisheries Society, 1970,p. 279 - 283.
________ e BRANCATO, F.P. 1959 Mycobacterium fortuitum Cruz from the tropical fish Hyphessobrycon innesi.
Journal of Bacteriology, 78: 392-395.
SAITO, H.; GORDON, R.E.; JUHLIN, L.; KAPPLER, W.; KWAPINSKI, J.B.G.; MCDURMONT, C.; PATTYN, S.R.; RUNYON, E.H.; STANFORD, J.L.; YTARNOK, I.; TASAKA, H.; TSUKAMURA, M.; WEISZFEILER, J. 1977 Cooperative analysis of rapidly growing mycobacteria: The second report. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 27: 75 - 85.
SAKANARI, J.A.; REILLY, C.A.; MOSER, M. 1983 Tubercular lesions in Pacific coast population of stiped bass.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 112:565-566.
SHAMSUDIN, M.N.; TAJIMA, K.; KIMURA, T.; SHARIFF, M.; ANDERSON, I. G. 1990 Characterization of the causative
organism of ornamental fish mycobacteriosis in Malasya. Fish Pathol., 25 (1): 1-6.
SOUZA, C.W.O. 1993 Ocorrência de Mycobacterium sp. em exemplares de Rana catesbeiana, Shaw, 1802, de alguns ranários comerciais do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Florianópolis, SC. 83 p. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Departamento de Aqüicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
________ 1998 Modelo experimental de aderência e invasão celular por Mycobacterium marinum. São
Paulo, SP. 56 p. Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto de Ciências Bimédicas , Universidade de São Paulo.
STOSKOPF, M.K. 1993 Bacterial diseases of freshwater tropical fishes. In: STOSKOPF, M.K. ed. Fish medicine.
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, Harcont Brace Iovanovich, Inc. p. 559 - 563.
TALAAT, A.; DENG, Y.; REIMSCHUESSEL, R.; TRUCKSIS, M. 1997 Mycobacterium marinum and Goldfish, Carassius
auratus, a model system for mycobacterial Pathogenesis. In: GENERAL MEETING, 97, Florida, 1997. Abstracts...
Florida: American Society for Microbiology, p. 562.
________ ; ________; WASSERMAN, S.S.; TRUCKSIS, M. 1998 Goldfish, Carassius auratus, a novel animal for the study of Mycobacterium marinum pathogenesis. Infection and Immunity, 66 (6): 2938í 2942.
THOEN, C. O. e SCHLIESSER, T. A. 1984 Mycobacterial infections in cold-blooded animal. In: KUBIKA, G. P.; WAYNE, L. G. The Mycobacteria. A sourcebook. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. p. 1297 - 311. (Microbiology Series B).
TIMUR, G.; ROBERTS, R. J.; MCQUEEN, A. 1977 The experimental pathogenesis of focal tuberculosis in the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L). Journal of Comparative Pathology, 87: 83í 87.
TSUKAMURA, M. 1969 Identification of group II scotochromogens and group II nonphotochromogens mycobacteria. Tubercle, 50: 51-60.
VAN DUIJN, C. J. 1981 Tuberculosis in fishes. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 22: 391-411.
VASCONCELLOS, S. A. 1979 Epidemiologia da tuberculose. Comunicações Científicas da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, 3 (1/2): 81 í 89.
VESTAL, A. L. e KUBICA, G. P. 1967 Differential identification of mycobacteria. III. Use of thiocetazone, thiphen-2-
carboxilic acid hidrazide and triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Scandinavian Journal of Respiratory Diseases, 48: 142 - 148.
WADA, S.; HATAI, K.; TANAKA, E.; KITAHARA, T. 1993 Mixed infection of an acid-fast bacterium and an imperfect
fungus in a napoleon fish (Cheilinus undulatus).Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 29 (4): 591 - 595.
WAYNE, L. G.; DOUBEK, J. R.; RUSSEL, R. L. 1964 Classification and identification of mycobacteria. I. Tests employing tween 80 as substrate. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 90: 588 - 597.ISHIKAWA et al
WAYNE, L.G.; GOOD, R.C.; KRICHEVSKY, M.I.; DAVID, H.L.; DAWSON, D.; GROSS, W.; HAWKINS, J.; JENKINS,
P.A.; JUHLIN, I.; KAPPLER, W.; KLEEBERG, H.H.; LíˆVY-FREBAUT, V.; MCDURMONT, C.; NEL, E.E.; PORTAELS, F.; RUSCH-GERDES, S.; SCHRODER, K.H.; SILCOX, V.A.; SZABO, I.; TSUKAMURA, M.; VAN DEN BREEN, L.; VERGANANN, B.; YANKRUS, M.A. 1989 Third report of the cooperative open-ended study of slowly growing mycobacteria by the international working group on mycobacterial taxonomy. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 39: 267 - 278.
________ e KUBICA, G. P. 1986 Mycobacteria. In: SNEATH, P.H.A.; MAIR, N.S.; SHARPE, M.E.; HOLT, J.G. Bergey’s
manual of systematic bacteriology. 8. Ed. Baltimore: Willians & Wilkins, v. 2. p. 1435 - 57.
WILLET, H.P. 1988 Mycobacterium. In: JOKLICK, W.K.; WILLET, H.P.; AMOS, D.B.; WILFERT, C.M. Zinsser microbiology. 19 ed. Connecticut: Apleton e Lange. p.423 - 48.
WOLINSKY, E. 1992 Mycobacterial diseases other than tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15:1 í 12.
________ 1979 Nontuberculous mycobacteria and associated diseases. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 119: 107 -59.
WOLKE, R. E. e STROUD, R. K. 1978 Piscine mycobacteriosis. In: MONTALI, R. J. Mycobacterial infections of zoo animals. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press: p. 269 í 75.
WOOD, E. M.; YASUTAKE, W. T.; LEHMAN, W. L. 1956 A mycosis-like granuloma of fish. Journal of Infectious
Disease, 97: 262 - 267.
ZELIGMAN, I. 1972 Mycobacterium marinum granuloma. A disease acquired in the tributaries of Chesapeake
bay. Archives of Dermatology, 106: 26 í 31.
Yakima river, Washington. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 14: 333 í 336.
ANRAKU, M. M. 1995 Estudo da cinética de infecção por Mycobacterium fortuitum isolados de humanos e de
águas, utilizando como modelo experimental camundongos suiços. São Paulo, SP. 90 p. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Instituto de Biociências do Campus de Rio Claro, Universididade Estadual Paulista.
ARAKAWA, C. K. e FRYER, J. L. 1984 Lesions and characterization of new subspecies of Mycobacterium chelonei infectious of salmonid fish. Helgolander Meeresuntersuchungen, 37:329-342.
ARONSON, J. D. 1926 Spontaneous tuberculosis in salt water fish. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 39: 315-320.
ASHBURNER, L. D. 1977 Mycobacteriosis in hatcheryconfined chinook salmon (Oncorhynchust schawytscha Walbaum) in Australia. Journal of Fish Biology, 10: 523-528.
BAKER, J. A.; HAGAN, W. A. 1942 Tuberculosis of the mexican platyfish (Platypoecilus maculatus). Journal
of Infectious Diseases, 70: 248í 252.
BARROS, G. C.; LANGENEGGER, C. H.; LANGENEGGER, J.; PEIXOTO, P. V. 1988 Surto de micobacteriose em criação
de rãs (Rana catesbeiana) causado por Mycobacterium marinum. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, 8 (3/4):
75-80.
BARTOS, J. M. E SOMMER, C. V. 1981 In vivo cell mediated immune response to M. tuberculosis and M. salmoniphilum in raimbow trout (Salmo gairdneri).Developmental and Comparative Immunology,5: 75-83.
BESSE, P. 1949 Epizootie í bacilles acido-résistants chez de poisson exotique. Bulletin de l’Académie Vétérinaire de France, 23: 151-154.
BRAGG, R. R.; HUCHZERMEYER, H. F. A. K.; HANISCH,M. A. M. 1990 Mycobacterium fortuitum isolated from three species of fish in South Africa. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 57: 101-102.
BUCKE, D. 1980 A note on acid-alcohol-fast bacteria in mackerel Scomber scombrus L. Journal of Fish Diseases, 3: 173í 175.
BULLOK, G. L.; CONROY, D.; SNIEZKO, S. 1971 Mycobacterial,Nocardial, and Streptomyces Diseases. In: Diseases of fishes, Book 2 A, Jersey City: TFH Publication, 1971, p.105 - 106.
CENTRO PANAMERICANO DE ZOONOSIS 1988 Bacteriologia de la tuberculosis humana y animal.Martinéz. 63 p. (Serie de monografias cientificas y tecnicas, 11).
CHINABUT, S.; LIMSUWAN, C.; CHANRATCHAKOOL, P. 1990 Mycobacteriosis in the snakehead, Channa striatus
(Fowler). Journal of Fish Diseases, 13:531í 535.
CLARK, H. F.; SHEPARD, C. C. 1963 Effect of enviromental temperature on infection with Mycobacterium marinum (Balnei) of mice and a number of poikilothermic species. Journal of Bacteriology, 86:1057-1069.
COLLINS, C. H.; GRANGE, J. M.; NOBLE, W. C.; YATES, M. D. 1985 Mycobacterium marinum infections in man.
Journal of Hygiene, 94: 135 í 149.
CONROY, D. A. 1970 Piscine tuberculosis in the sea water enviroment. In: SYMPOSIUM ON DISEASES OF FISHES AND SHELLFISHES (Ed. By S. F. Snieszko),American Fisheries Society, Special Publication, n.5, p. 273 - 278.
DAOUST, P. Y.; LARSON, B. E.; JOHNSON, G. R. 1989 Mycobacteriosis in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) from two lakes in Alberta. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 25 (1): 31í 37.
DAVID, H. L.; JAHAN, M.; JUMIN, A.; GRANDY, J.; LEHMAN, E.H. 1978 Numerical taxnomic analysis of Mycobacterium africanum. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 28: 412 - 472.
DULIN, M. P. 1979 A review of tuberculosis (mycobacteriosis) in fish. Veterinary Medicine/Small Animal Clinician, 74: 731-735.
DUNBAR, C. E.; HERMAN, R. L. 1971 Visceral granuloma in Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalisi). J. Nutr., 101:
1445-1451.Micobacteriose em peixes
EVAN PAZ, Z.; HASS, H.; SACKS. I.; ROSENMANN, E. 1976 Mycobacterium marinum skin infections mimicking
leishmaniasis. British Journal of Dermatology, 94:435-442.
FALKINHAM III, J. O. 1996 Epidemiology of infection by nontuberculous mycobacteria. Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 9 (2): 177-215.
GIAVENNI, R.; FINAZZI, M.; POLI. G.; GRIMALDI, E. 1980 Tuberculosis in marine tropical fishes in an aquarium. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 16 (2):161í 168.
GÓMEZ, S.; BERNABÉ, A.; GÓMEZ, M.A.; NAVARRO, J.A.; SÁNCHEZ, J. 1993 Fish mycobacteriosis: morphopathological and immunocytochemical aspects. Journal of Fish Diseases, 16: 137-141.
________ ; NAVARRO, J. A.; GÓMEZ, M. A., SÁNCHEZ, J.; BERNABÉ, A. 1996 Comparative study of immunohistochemical methods to diagnose mycobacteriosis in swordtail Xiphophorus helleri. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, 24:117í 120.
GOODFELLOW, M.; MAGEED, J. G. 1988 Taxonomy of mycobacteria. In: GANGADHARAM D.R.J.; JENKINS, P. A. Mycobacteria: I basic aspects. New York:Chapman & Hall, p. 1 - 71.
________; WEINE, L. G. 1982 Taxonomy and nomenclature. In: RATLEDGE, C.; STANFORD, J. The biology of the
mycobacteria. London: Academic Press, v. 1, p. 471- 521.
GRANGE, J. M. 1981 Mycobacterium chelonei. Tubercle, 62: 273-276.
HATAI, K.; LAWHAVINIT, O.; KUBOTA, S. S.; TODA, K.; SUZUKI, N. 1988 Pathogenicity of Mycobacterium sp isolated
from pejerrey, Odonthestes bonariensis. Fish Pathology, 23 (3): 155 - 159.
________; LAWHAVINIT, O.; TODA, K.; SUGOU, Y. 1993 Mycobacterium infection in pejerrey, Odonthestes
bonariensis Couvier & Valencienes. Journal of Fish Diseases, 16: 394-402.
HEDRICK, R.P.; MC DOWELL, T.; GROFF, J. 1987 Mycobacteriosis in cultured striped bass from California. J. Wildlife Diseases, 23 (3): 391-395.
HINES, M. E.; KREEGER, J. M.; HERRON, A. J. 1995 Mycobacterial infections of animals: pathology and pathogenesis. Laboratory Animal Science,45 (4):334í 351.
INGLIS, V.; ROBERTS, R. J.; BROMAGE; N.R 1993 Bacterial diseases of fish. Cambridge: The University Press.
312 p.
IPPEN, R. 1964 Vergleichende pathologische untersuchungen über die spontane und experimentelle tuberkulose der kaltblüter. Abhandlungen Deutschen Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Klasse für Medizin, 1: 1 í 90.
IREDELL, J.; WHITBY, M.; BLACKLOCK, Z. 1992 Mycobacterium marinum infection: epidemiology and presentation in Queensland 1971 - 1990. The Medical Journal of Australia, 157 (2): 596-598.
ISHIKAWA, C.M. 1998 Quantificação bacteriana e avaliação das lesões em peixes da espécie Oreochromis niloticus (tilápia do Nilo) inoculados experimentalmente com Mycobacterium marinum ATCC 927. São Paulo, SP. 59 p. Dissertação (Mestrado) í Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo.
JOLLY, H. W.; SEABURY, J. H. 1972 Infections with Mycobacterium marinum. Archives of Dermatology,106: 32 - 36.
KARLSON, A. G. 1980 Género Mycobacterium. In: MERCHANT, I.A.; PACKER, R.A. Bacteriologia y virologia veterinarias. 3. ed. Zaragoza: Acribia, Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc., p. 156-158:Mycobacteriosis (Tuberculosis).
KAWAKAMI, K.; KUSUDA, R. 1990 Efficacy of rifampicin, streptomycin and erythromycin against experimental
mycobacterium infection in cultured yellowtail. Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries, 56 (1): 51 - 53.
KAZDA, J.F. 1983 The principles of the ecology of mycobacteria. In: RATLEDGE, C.; STANFORD, J, The biology of the mycobacteria. London: Academic Press, 2. p. 323 - 341.
KLUGE, J. P. 1965 A granulomatous disease of fish produced by Flavobacteria. Pathology Veterinarian, 2: 545.
KUBICA, G. P.; SILCOX, V. A.; HALL, E. 1973 Numerical taxonomic analysis of some slowly growing mycobacteria using hypothetical median strain pattern. J. Gen. Microbiol., 74:. 149 - 158.
LANSDELL, W.; DIXON, B.; SMITH, N.; BENJAMIN, L. 1993 Isolation of several Mycobacterium species from fish.
Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, 5: 73 - 76.ISHIKAWA et al
LEPPER, A. W. D.; CORNER, L. A. 1983 Naturally occurring mycobacterioses of animals. In: RATLEDGE, C.;STANFORD, J. The biology of the mycobacteria. London: Academic Press, 2. p. 417 - 521.
LINELL, F. e NORDEN, A. 1954 Mycobacterium balnei. A new acid-fast bacillus occurring in swimming pools and
capable of producing skin lesions in humans. Acta Tuberculosea Scandinavica, 33: 1 - 85.
LORIA, P. R. 1976 Minocycline hydrochloride treatment for acid-fast infection. Archives of Dermatology, 112: 517 - 519.
LUND, J. E. e ABERNETHY, C. S. 1978 Lesions of tuberculosis in mountain whitefish (Prosopium williamsoni). Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 14: 222 í 228.
MAGALHíES, H.; CARNEIRO, G. M.; PIRES, A. R.; MEDEIROS, M. I. M.; GONí"¡ALVES, W. M.; SILVA, M. C.; FONSECA, L. S.; SANTIAGO, S. S. F.; MELLO, S.C.R.P. 1991 Micobacteriose em rãs-touro (Rana catesbeiana, Shaw,1802). Revista de Microbiologia, 22 (3): 204.
MAJEED, S. K. e GOPINATH, C. 1983 Cutaneous tuberculosis in the carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Journal of Fish
Diseases, 6: 313 í 316.
________ ; ________ ; JOLLY, D.W. 1981 Pathology of spontaneous tuberculosis and pseudotuberculosis in fish. Journal of Fish Diseases, 4: 507 - 512.
MATUSHIMA, E.R. 1994 Avaliação do processo inflamatório crônico granulomatoso induzido experimentalmente
através da inoculação de BCG em peixes da espécie Oreochromis niloticus - Tilápia-do- Nilo. São Paulo. 110 p. Tese (Doutorado) - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo.
MCCORMICK, J. I.; HUGHES, M. S.; MCLOUGHLIN, M. F. 1995 Identification of Mycobacterium chelonae in a cichlid
oscar, Astronotus ocellatus Cuvier, by direct cycle sequencing of polymerase chain reaction aplified 16s rRNA gene sequences. Journal of Fish Diseases, 18:459 - 461.
MEISSNER, G. 1981 The value of animal models for study of infection due to atypical mycobacteria. Reviews of Infectious Diseases, 3 (5): 953 - 959.
________ ; SCHRODER, K.H.; AMADIO, G.E.; ANZ, E.; CHAPARAS, S.; ENGEL, H.W.B.; JENKINS, P. A.; KAPPLER, W.; KLEEBERG, H. H.; KUBALA, E.; KUBIN, M.; LAUTERBACH, D.; LIND, A.; MAGNUSSON, M.; MIKOYA, Z.D.; PATTYN, S. R.; SCAEFER, W.B.; STANFORD, J.L.; TSUKAMURA, M.; WAYNE, L.G.;
WILLERS, L.; WOLINSKY, E. 1974 A cooperative numerical analysis of nonphotochromogenic slowly growing mycobacteria. J. Gen. Microbiol., 83: 207 - 235.
MOK, W.Y. e CARVALHO, C.M. 1984 Ocurrence and experimental infection of Toads (Bufo marinus and B. granulosus) with Mycobacterium chelonei subsp. abscessus. Journal of Medical Microbiology, 18:327 í 333.
MOLLOHAN, C.S. e ROMER, M.S. 1961 Public health significance of swimming pool granuloma. American Journal of Public Health, 51: 883 - 891.
MORAES, J.R.E; TORRES, H.A.; MARTINS, M.L; SOUZA, V.N.; MORAES, F.R. 1996 Tuberculose em Rana catesbeiana Shaw, 1802, em ranários comerciais diagnosticados pelo Centro de Aqüicultura da UNESP. In: ENCONTRO BRASILEIRO DE PATOLOGISTAS DE ORGASNIMOS AQUÁTICOS, 4, Pirassununga,Resumos.... p. 28.
NIGRELLI, R.F. 1953 Two diseases of the Neon Tetra, Hyphessobrycon innesi. Aquarium Journal, San Francisco, 24: 203 - 208.
________ e VOGEL, H. 1963 Spontaneous tuberculosis in fishes and other cold-blooded vertebrates with special reference to Mycobacterium fortuitum Cruz from fish and human lesions. Zoologica: New York Zoological Society, 48 (9): 131 í 144.
NOGA, E. J. 1996 Fish disease - Diagnosis and Treatment. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book, Inc. p. 156 - 8: Mycobacteriosis (Tuberculosis).
________; WRIGHT, J.F.; PASSARELL, L. 1990 Some unusual features of mycobacterioses in the cichlid fish Oreochromis mossambicus. Journal of Comparative Pathology, 102 ( 3): 335 - 344.
PARISOT, T. J. 1958 Tuberculosis of fish. Bacteriological
reviews, 22: 240-245.
________ e WOOD, E.M. 1960 A comparative study of a mycobacterial disease of salmonid fishes (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) and a comparison of the staining characteristics of the fish disease with leprosy and human tuberculosis. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 82: 212 í 222.
RAMAKRISHNAN, L.; VALDIVIA, R.H.; MCKERROW, J.H.; FALKOW, S. 1977 Mycobacterium marinum causes both long-term subclinical infection and acute disease in the leopard frog (Rana pipiens). Infection and Immunity, 65 (2): 767í 773.Micobacteriose em peixes
RAMOS, M.C.C. 1997 Avaliação de aspectos morfológicos, histoquímicos, imunohistoquímicos e ultra-estruturais do processo inflamatótio crônico, induzido experimentalmente pela inoculação de Mycobacterium marinum vivo e morto pelo calor, em tartarugas tracajá Podocnemis unifilis, Troschel, 1848. São Paulo, SP. 135 p. Tese (Doutorado) - Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade de São Paulo.
ROBERTS, R.J.; MCQUEEN, A.; SHEARER, W.M.; YOUNG, H. 1973 The histopathology of salmon tagging. I. The
tagging lesion in newly tagged parr. Journal of Fish Biology, 5: 497 - 504.
ROSS, A.J. 1960 Mycobacterium salmoniphilum sp. nov.from salmonid fishes. American Review of Respiratory
Diseases, 81: 241-250.
________ 1970 Mycobacteriosis among Pacific salmonid fishes. In: SYMPOSIUM ON DISEASES OF FISHES AND SHELLFISHES, Washington D.C. Special Publication, n. 5. Washington D.C. (Ed. By S. F. Snieszko), American Fisheries Society, 1970,p. 279 - 283.
________ e BRANCATO, F.P. 1959 Mycobacterium fortuitum Cruz from the tropical fish Hyphessobrycon innesi.
Journal of Bacteriology, 78: 392-395.
SAITO, H.; GORDON, R.E.; JUHLIN, L.; KAPPLER, W.; KWAPINSKI, J.B.G.; MCDURMONT, C.; PATTYN, S.R.; RUNYON, E.H.; STANFORD, J.L.; YTARNOK, I.; TASAKA, H.; TSUKAMURA, M.; WEISZFEILER, J. 1977 Cooperative analysis of rapidly growing mycobacteria: The second report. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 27: 75 - 85.
SAKANARI, J.A.; REILLY, C.A.; MOSER, M. 1983 Tubercular lesions in Pacific coast population of stiped bass.
Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 112:565-566.
SHAMSUDIN, M.N.; TAJIMA, K.; KIMURA, T.; SHARIFF, M.; ANDERSON, I. G. 1990 Characterization of the causative
organism of ornamental fish mycobacteriosis in Malasya. Fish Pathol., 25 (1): 1-6.
SOUZA, C.W.O. 1993 Ocorrência de Mycobacterium sp. em exemplares de Rana catesbeiana, Shaw, 1802, de alguns ranários comerciais do Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Florianópolis, SC. 83 p. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Departamento de Aqüicultura, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
________ 1998 Modelo experimental de aderência e invasão celular por Mycobacterium marinum. São
Paulo, SP. 56 p. Tese (Doutorado) - Instituto de Ciências Bimédicas , Universidade de São Paulo.
STOSKOPF, M.K. 1993 Bacterial diseases of freshwater tropical fishes. In: STOSKOPF, M.K. ed. Fish medicine.
Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Company, Harcont Brace Iovanovich, Inc. p. 559 - 563.
TALAAT, A.; DENG, Y.; REIMSCHUESSEL, R.; TRUCKSIS, M. 1997 Mycobacterium marinum and Goldfish, Carassius
auratus, a model system for mycobacterial Pathogenesis. In: GENERAL MEETING, 97, Florida, 1997. Abstracts...
Florida: American Society for Microbiology, p. 562.
________ ; ________; WASSERMAN, S.S.; TRUCKSIS, M. 1998 Goldfish, Carassius auratus, a novel animal for the study of Mycobacterium marinum pathogenesis. Infection and Immunity, 66 (6): 2938í 2942.
THOEN, C. O. e SCHLIESSER, T. A. 1984 Mycobacterial infections in cold-blooded animal. In: KUBIKA, G. P.; WAYNE, L. G. The Mycobacteria. A sourcebook. New York: Marcel Dekker, Inc. p. 1297 - 311. (Microbiology Series B).
TIMUR, G.; ROBERTS, R. J.; MCQUEEN, A. 1977 The experimental pathogenesis of focal tuberculosis in the plaice (Pleuronectes platessa L). Journal of Comparative Pathology, 87: 83í 87.
TSUKAMURA, M. 1969 Identification of group II scotochromogens and group II nonphotochromogens mycobacteria. Tubercle, 50: 51-60.
VAN DUIJN, C. J. 1981 Tuberculosis in fishes. Journal of Small Animal Practice, 22: 391-411.
VASCONCELLOS, S. A. 1979 Epidemiologia da tuberculose. Comunicações Científicas da Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia da Universidade de São Paulo, 3 (1/2): 81 í 89.
VESTAL, A. L. e KUBICA, G. P. 1967 Differential identification of mycobacteria. III. Use of thiocetazone, thiphen-2-
carboxilic acid hidrazide and triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Scandinavian Journal of Respiratory Diseases, 48: 142 - 148.
WADA, S.; HATAI, K.; TANAKA, E.; KITAHARA, T. 1993 Mixed infection of an acid-fast bacterium and an imperfect
fungus in a napoleon fish (Cheilinus undulatus).Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 29 (4): 591 - 595.
WAYNE, L. G.; DOUBEK, J. R.; RUSSEL, R. L. 1964 Classification and identification of mycobacteria. I. Tests employing tween 80 as substrate. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 90: 588 - 597.ISHIKAWA et al
WAYNE, L.G.; GOOD, R.C.; KRICHEVSKY, M.I.; DAVID, H.L.; DAWSON, D.; GROSS, W.; HAWKINS, J.; JENKINS,
P.A.; JUHLIN, I.; KAPPLER, W.; KLEEBERG, H.H.; LíˆVY-FREBAUT, V.; MCDURMONT, C.; NEL, E.E.; PORTAELS, F.; RUSCH-GERDES, S.; SCHRODER, K.H.; SILCOX, V.A.; SZABO, I.; TSUKAMURA, M.; VAN DEN BREEN, L.; VERGANANN, B.; YANKRUS, M.A. 1989 Third report of the cooperative open-ended study of slowly growing mycobacteria by the international working group on mycobacterial taxonomy. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 39: 267 - 278.
________ e KUBICA, G. P. 1986 Mycobacteria. In: SNEATH, P.H.A.; MAIR, N.S.; SHARPE, M.E.; HOLT, J.G. Bergey’s
manual of systematic bacteriology. 8. Ed. Baltimore: Willians & Wilkins, v. 2. p. 1435 - 57.
WILLET, H.P. 1988 Mycobacterium. In: JOKLICK, W.K.; WILLET, H.P.; AMOS, D.B.; WILFERT, C.M. Zinsser microbiology. 19 ed. Connecticut: Apleton e Lange. p.423 - 48.
WOLINSKY, E. 1992 Mycobacterial diseases other than tuberculosis. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 15:1 í 12.
________ 1979 Nontuberculous mycobacteria and associated diseases. American Review of Respiratory Diseases, 119: 107 -59.
WOLKE, R. E. e STROUD, R. K. 1978 Piscine mycobacteriosis. In: MONTALI, R. J. Mycobacterial infections of zoo animals. Washington: Smithsonian Institution Press: p. 269 í 75.
WOOD, E. M.; YASUTAKE, W. T.; LEHMAN, W. L. 1956 A mycosis-like granuloma of fish. Journal of Infectious
Disease, 97: 262 - 267.
ZELIGMAN, I. 1972 Mycobacterium marinum granuloma. A disease acquired in the tributaries of Chesapeake
bay. Archives of Dermatology, 106: 26 í 31.
Downloads
Published
2018-06-28
Issue
Section
Short Communication
