Avaliação de probióticos sobre parí¢metros de desempenho de pós-larvas de Litopenaeus vannamei
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2016v42n2p295Palavras-chave:
camarão, cultivo, performance de crescimento, sobrevivênciaResumo
O objetivo do trabalho foi a avaliação da diferença entre o tratamento com o probiótico 1 (P1) e o tratamento com o probiótico 2 (P2) no cultivo larval de Litopenaeus vannamei, com duração de 18 dias. O tratamento com o P1 consistiu na adição do probiótico comercial Epicin G2 (Epicore Networks Eastampton, Estados Unidos) contendo Bacillus subtilis, B. licheniformis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, B. pumilus e Saccharomyces cerevisiae. No tratamento com o P2 foi utilizado o probiótico comercial ProBacyl (Bern&Roc Aquacultura Ltda, Ceará-Mirim, Brasil) com uma mistura de B. subtilis, B. licheniformis, Pediococcus acidilactici e bactérias probióticas (total). As unidades experimentais consistiram em seis tanques de 15.000 L, e cada tratamento contou com três repetições. Os probióticos foram aplicados diariamente na água, avaliando-se o potencial zootécnico e a resistência a estresse iônico de larvas e pós-larvas (PL). Os parí¢metros salinidade, temperatura, pH e oxigênio dissolvido foram controlados. As pós-larvas submetidas ao P2 apresentaram valores médios maiores (p < 0,05) para comprimento (PL 1 e PL 5), pesos úmido e seco (PL 5) e percentual de metamorfose (90%) em relação í s pós-larvas do outro tratamento, e os valores das demais variáveis não diferiram. A sobrevivência final foi de 56,4% e 64,9% para pós-larvas submetidas ao P1 e ao P2, respectivamente. Dessa forma, o probiótico 2 apresentou melhores resultados que o P1 para o cultivo de L. vannamei em sistema de larvicultura comercial em algumas fases de desenvolvimento.
Referências
AKHTER, N.; WU, B.; MEMON, A. M.; MOHSIN, M. 2015 Probiotics and prebiotics associ. with aquaculture: A review. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 45(2): 733í 741.
BARBIERI, E.; DE MEDEIROS, A.M. Z.; HENRIQUES, M.B. 2016 Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of juvenile pink shrimp in culture: temperature effects. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 49(1): 19-25.
BOYD, C.E. and MASSAUT, L. 1999 Risks associated with the use of chemicals in pond aquaculture. Aquacultural Engineering 20(2): 113í 132.
BUGLIONE, C.C.; PEDROTTI, F.; VIEIRA, F.N.; SEIFERT, W. Q.; MOURIí"˜O, J. L.; MARTINS, M. L. 2008 Avaliação de bacterina e Lactobacillus plantarum frente í infecção experimental por Vibrio harveyi em pós-larvas de Litopenaeus vannamei. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 45: 40í 45.
CABELLO, F.C. 2006 Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. Environ Microbiology 8: 1137-1144.
CASTEX, M.; LEMAIRE, P.; WABETE, N.; CHIM, L. 2009 Effect of dietary probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici on antioxidant defences and oxidative stress status of shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris. Aquaculture 294(3): 306í 313.
FULLER, R. 1989 A review: probiotics in man and animals. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 66: 365-378.
GATESOUPE, F.J. 1999 The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture 180(1): 147í 165.
GUO, J.; LIU, K.; CHENG, S.; CHANG, C.; LAY, J.; HSU, Y.; YANG, J.; CHEN, T. 2009 Selection of probiotic bacteria for use in shrimp larviculture. Aquaculture Research 40(5): 609í 618.
KESARCODI-WATSON, A.; KASPAR, H.; LATEGAN, M.J.; GIBSON, L. 2008 Probiotics in aquaculture: The need, principles and mechanisms of action and screening processes. Aquaculture 274(1): 1í 14.
KUBITZA, F. 2003 Qualidade da água no cultivo de peixes e camarões. 1a ed. Jundiaí: São Paulo. 229 p.
KURESHY, N. and DAVIS, D.A. 2002 Protein requirement for maintenance and maximum weight gain for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 204: 125-143.
LAZADO, C.C. and CAIPANG, C.M.A. 2014 Atlantic cod in the dynamic probiotics research in aquaculture. Aquaculture 424-425: 53í 62.
LILLY, D.M. and STILLWELL, R.H. 1965 Probiotics: growth-promoting factors produced by microorganisms. Science 147(3659): 747í 748.
LIU, K.F.; CHIU, C.H.; SHIU, Y.L.; CHENG, H.; LIU, C.H. 2010 et al. Effects of the probiotic, Bacillus subtilis E20, on the survival, development, stress tolerance, and immune status of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei larvae. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 28(5-6): 837í 844.
LUIS-VILLASEí"˜OR, I.E.; MACÍAS-RODRÍGUEZ, M.E. ; GÓMEZ-GIL, B.; ASCENCIO-VALLE, F.; CAMPA-CÓRDOVA, Á.I. 2011 Beneficial effects of four Bacillus strains on the larval cultivation of Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 321(1): 136í 144.
LUIS-VILLASENÌÆ’OR, I.E.; CAMPA-COÌÂRDOVA, A.I.; ASCENCIO-VALLE, F.J. 2012 Probiotics in Larvae and Juvenile Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In: Rigobelo, E. C. Probiotics. InTech, Chapter 27.
NEJAT, N. 2012 Effects of Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, immune gene expression and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 33(4): 683í 689.
NIMRAT, S.; BOONTHAI, T.; VUTHIPHANDCHAI, V. 2011 Effects of probiotic forms, compositions of and mode of probiotic administration on rearing of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larvae and postlarvae. Animal Feed Science and Technology 169(3): 244í 258.
NIMRAT, S.; SUKSAWAT, S.; BOONTHAI, T.; VUTHIPHANDCHAI, V. 2012 Potential Bacillus probiotics enhance bacterial numbers, water quality and growth during early development of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Veterinary Microbiology 159(3-4): 443í 450.
NUNES, H.R. e ANDREATTA, E.R. 2011 Efeito da salinidade e temperatura sobre a taxa de metamorfose de náuplios para protozoea e sobre a qualidade das larvas de Litopenaeus vannamei. Atlí¢ntica 33(1): 87í 96.
PANDIYAN, P.; BALARAMAN, D.; THIRUNAVUKKARASU, R.; GEORGE, E.G.J.; SUBARAMANIYAN, K.; MANIKKAM, S.; SADAYAPPAN, B. 2013 Probiotics in aquaculture. Drug Invention Today 5(1): 55-59.
RAVI, A.; MUSTHAFA, K.S. ; JEGATHAMMBAL, G.; KATHIRESAN, K.; PANDIAN, S.K. 2007 Screening and evaluation of probiotics as a biocontrol agent against pathogenic Vibrios in marine aquaculture. Letters In Applied Microbiology 45(2): 219í 223.
RENGPIPAT, S.; PHIANPHAK, W.; PIYATIRATITIVORAKUL, S.; MENASVETA, P. 1998 Effects of a probiotic bacterium on black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon survival and growth. Aquaculture 167 (3-4): 301í 313.
SAMOCHA, T.M.; GUAJARDO, H.; LAWRENCE, A.L ; CASTILLE, F.L.; SPEED, M.; MCKEE, D.A.; PAGE, K.I. 1998 A simple stress test for Penaeus vannamei postlarvae. Aquaculture 165(3-4): 233í 242.
SHAILENDER M*, K.P. 2012 Effect of probiotics on growth and survival of post larvae of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). International Journal of Bioassays 1(12): 184.
SILVA, B.C.; BELETTINI, F.; BUGLIONE NETO, C.C.; JATOBÁ, A.; VIEIRA, F.N.; ANDREATTA, E.R.; DERNER, R.B.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; ANDRÉ, R.C. 2009 Utilização de Thalassiosira weissflogii em larvicultura de Litopenaeus vannamei (BOONE, 1931). Atlí¢ntica 31: 39í 50.
TACKAERT, W.; ABELIN, P.; LEGER, P.H.; SORGELOOS, P. 1989 Stress resistance as a criterion to evaluate quality of post-larval shrimp reared under different feeding procedures. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO SOBRE CULTIVO DE CAMARÃO, 3, João Pessoa, 1989. Anais... João Pessoa: MCR Aquacultura.
TINH, N.T.N.; DIERCKENS, K.; SORGELOOS, P.; BOSSIER, P. 2008 A Review of the Functionality of Probiotics in the Larviculture Food Chain. Marine Biotechnology 10: 1 1í 12.
VAN WYK, P. and SCARPA, J. 1999 Water quality and management. In: VAN WYK, P. et al.
(Ed.). Farming marine shrimp in recirculating freshwater systems. Florida
department of agriculture and consumer services, Tallahassee: 128-138.
VENKAT, H.K.; SAHU, N.P.; JAIN, K.K. 2004 Effect of feeding Lactobacillusâ€Âbased probiotics on the gut microflora, growth and survival of postlarvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Aquaculture Research 35(5): 501í 507.
VERSCHUERE, L.; ROMBAUT, G.; HUYS, G.; DHONT, J.; SORGELOOS, P.; VERSTRAETE, W. 1999 Microbial Control of the Culture of Artemia Juveniles through Preemptive Colonization by Selected Bacterial Strains. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65(6): 2527-2533.
VERSCHUERE, L.; ROMBAUT, G.; SORGELOOS, P.; VERSTRAETE, W. 2000 Probiotic Bacteria as Biological Control Agents in Aquaculture. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 64(4): 655í 671.
VINE, N. G.; LEUKES, W. D.; KAISER, H. 2006 Probiotics in marine larviculture. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 30(3): 404í 427.
WU, L. and DONG, S. 2002 Effects of protein restriction with subsequent realimentation on growth performance of juvenile Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis). Aquaculture 210(1-4): 343-358.
ZHOU, X.; WANG, Y.; LI, W. 2009 Effect of probiotic on larvae shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) based on water quality, survival rate and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture 287(3í 4): 349í 353.
ZIAEI-NEJAD, S.; REZAEI, M.H.; TAKAMI, G.A.; LOVETT, D.L.; MIRVAGHEFI, A.; SHAKOURI, M. 2006 The effect of Bacillus spp. bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Aquaculture 252(2í 4): 516í 524.
ZOKAEIFAR, H.; BALCÁZAR, J. L.; SAAD, C. R.; KAMARUDIN, M. S.; SIJAM, K.; ARSHAD, A.; NEJAT, N. 2012 Effects of Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, immune gene expression and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 33(4): 683í 689.
BARBIERI, E.; DE MEDEIROS, A.M. Z.; HENRIQUES, M.B. 2016 Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of juvenile pink shrimp in culture: temperature effects. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology, 49(1): 19-25.
BOYD, C.E. and MASSAUT, L. 1999 Risks associated with the use of chemicals in pond aquaculture. Aquacultural Engineering 20(2): 113í 132.
BUGLIONE, C.C.; PEDROTTI, F.; VIEIRA, F.N.; SEIFERT, W. Q.; MOURIí"˜O, J. L.; MARTINS, M. L. 2008 Avaliação de bacterina e Lactobacillus plantarum frente í infecção experimental por Vibrio harveyi em pós-larvas de Litopenaeus vannamei. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science 45: 40í 45.
CABELLO, F.C. 2006 Heavy use of prophylactic antibiotics in aquaculture: a growing problem for human and animal health and for the environment. Environ Microbiology 8: 1137-1144.
CASTEX, M.; LEMAIRE, P.; WABETE, N.; CHIM, L. 2009 Effect of dietary probiotic Pediococcus acidilactici on antioxidant defences and oxidative stress status of shrimp Litopenaeus stylirostris. Aquaculture 294(3): 306í 313.
FULLER, R. 1989 A review: probiotics in man and animals. Journal of Applied Bacteriology 66: 365-378.
GATESOUPE, F.J. 1999 The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture 180(1): 147í 165.
GUO, J.; LIU, K.; CHENG, S.; CHANG, C.; LAY, J.; HSU, Y.; YANG, J.; CHEN, T. 2009 Selection of probiotic bacteria for use in shrimp larviculture. Aquaculture Research 40(5): 609í 618.
KESARCODI-WATSON, A.; KASPAR, H.; LATEGAN, M.J.; GIBSON, L. 2008 Probiotics in aquaculture: The need, principles and mechanisms of action and screening processes. Aquaculture 274(1): 1í 14.
KUBITZA, F. 2003 Qualidade da água no cultivo de peixes e camarões. 1a ed. Jundiaí: São Paulo. 229 p.
KURESHY, N. and DAVIS, D.A. 2002 Protein requirement for maintenance and maximum weight gain for the Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 204: 125-143.
LAZADO, C.C. and CAIPANG, C.M.A. 2014 Atlantic cod in the dynamic probiotics research in aquaculture. Aquaculture 424-425: 53í 62.
LILLY, D.M. and STILLWELL, R.H. 1965 Probiotics: growth-promoting factors produced by microorganisms. Science 147(3659): 747í 748.
LIU, K.F.; CHIU, C.H.; SHIU, Y.L.; CHENG, H.; LIU, C.H. 2010 et al. Effects of the probiotic, Bacillus subtilis E20, on the survival, development, stress tolerance, and immune status of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei larvae. Fish & Shellfish Immunology 28(5-6): 837í 844.
LUIS-VILLASEí"˜OR, I.E.; MACÍAS-RODRÍGUEZ, M.E. ; GÓMEZ-GIL, B.; ASCENCIO-VALLE, F.; CAMPA-CÓRDOVA, Á.I. 2011 Beneficial effects of four Bacillus strains on the larval cultivation of Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture 321(1): 136í 144.
LUIS-VILLASENÌÆ’OR, I.E.; CAMPA-COÌÂRDOVA, A.I.; ASCENCIO-VALLE, F.J. 2012 Probiotics in Larvae and Juvenile Whiteleg Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. In: Rigobelo, E. C. Probiotics. InTech, Chapter 27.
NEJAT, N. 2012 Effects of Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, immune gene expression and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 33(4): 683í 689.
NIMRAT, S.; BOONTHAI, T.; VUTHIPHANDCHAI, V. 2011 Effects of probiotic forms, compositions of and mode of probiotic administration on rearing of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) larvae and postlarvae. Animal Feed Science and Technology 169(3): 244í 258.
NIMRAT, S.; SUKSAWAT, S.; BOONTHAI, T.; VUTHIPHANDCHAI, V. 2012 Potential Bacillus probiotics enhance bacterial numbers, water quality and growth during early development of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Veterinary Microbiology 159(3-4): 443í 450.
NUNES, H.R. e ANDREATTA, E.R. 2011 Efeito da salinidade e temperatura sobre a taxa de metamorfose de náuplios para protozoea e sobre a qualidade das larvas de Litopenaeus vannamei. Atlí¢ntica 33(1): 87í 96.
PANDIYAN, P.; BALARAMAN, D.; THIRUNAVUKKARASU, R.; GEORGE, E.G.J.; SUBARAMANIYAN, K.; MANIKKAM, S.; SADAYAPPAN, B. 2013 Probiotics in aquaculture. Drug Invention Today 5(1): 55-59.
RAVI, A.; MUSTHAFA, K.S. ; JEGATHAMMBAL, G.; KATHIRESAN, K.; PANDIAN, S.K. 2007 Screening and evaluation of probiotics as a biocontrol agent against pathogenic Vibrios in marine aquaculture. Letters In Applied Microbiology 45(2): 219í 223.
RENGPIPAT, S.; PHIANPHAK, W.; PIYATIRATITIVORAKUL, S.; MENASVETA, P. 1998 Effects of a probiotic bacterium on black tiger shrimp Penaeus monodon survival and growth. Aquaculture 167 (3-4): 301í 313.
SAMOCHA, T.M.; GUAJARDO, H.; LAWRENCE, A.L ; CASTILLE, F.L.; SPEED, M.; MCKEE, D.A.; PAGE, K.I. 1998 A simple stress test for Penaeus vannamei postlarvae. Aquaculture 165(3-4): 233í 242.
SHAILENDER M*, K.P. 2012 Effect of probiotics on growth and survival of post larvae of giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). International Journal of Bioassays 1(12): 184.
SILVA, B.C.; BELETTINI, F.; BUGLIONE NETO, C.C.; JATOBÁ, A.; VIEIRA, F.N.; ANDREATTA, E.R.; DERNER, R.B.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; ANDRÉ, R.C. 2009 Utilização de Thalassiosira weissflogii em larvicultura de Litopenaeus vannamei (BOONE, 1931). Atlí¢ntica 31: 39í 50.
TACKAERT, W.; ABELIN, P.; LEGER, P.H.; SORGELOOS, P. 1989 Stress resistance as a criterion to evaluate quality of post-larval shrimp reared under different feeding procedures. In: SIMPÓSIO BRASILEIRO SOBRE CULTIVO DE CAMARÃO, 3, João Pessoa, 1989. Anais... João Pessoa: MCR Aquacultura.
TINH, N.T.N.; DIERCKENS, K.; SORGELOOS, P.; BOSSIER, P. 2008 A Review of the Functionality of Probiotics in the Larviculture Food Chain. Marine Biotechnology 10: 1 1í 12.
VAN WYK, P. and SCARPA, J. 1999 Water quality and management. In: VAN WYK, P. et al.
(Ed.). Farming marine shrimp in recirculating freshwater systems. Florida
department of agriculture and consumer services, Tallahassee: 128-138.
VENKAT, H.K.; SAHU, N.P.; JAIN, K.K. 2004 Effect of feeding Lactobacillusâ€Âbased probiotics on the gut microflora, growth and survival of postlarvae of Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man). Aquaculture Research 35(5): 501í 507.
VERSCHUERE, L.; ROMBAUT, G.; HUYS, G.; DHONT, J.; SORGELOOS, P.; VERSTRAETE, W. 1999 Microbial Control of the Culture of Artemia Juveniles through Preemptive Colonization by Selected Bacterial Strains. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 65(6): 2527-2533.
VERSCHUERE, L.; ROMBAUT, G.; SORGELOOS, P.; VERSTRAETE, W. 2000 Probiotic Bacteria as Biological Control Agents in Aquaculture. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 64(4): 655í 671.
VINE, N. G.; LEUKES, W. D.; KAISER, H. 2006 Probiotics in marine larviculture. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 30(3): 404í 427.
WU, L. and DONG, S. 2002 Effects of protein restriction with subsequent realimentation on growth performance of juvenile Chinese shrimp (Fenneropenaeus chinensis). Aquaculture 210(1-4): 343-358.
ZHOU, X.; WANG, Y.; LI, W. 2009 Effect of probiotic on larvae shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) based on water quality, survival rate and digestive enzyme activities. Aquaculture 287(3í 4): 349í 353.
ZIAEI-NEJAD, S.; REZAEI, M.H.; TAKAMI, G.A.; LOVETT, D.L.; MIRVAGHEFI, A.; SHAKOURI, M. 2006 The effect of Bacillus spp. bacteria used as probiotics on digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth in the Indian white shrimp Fenneropenaeus indicus. Aquaculture 252(2í 4): 516í 524.
ZOKAEIFAR, H.; BALCÁZAR, J. L.; SAAD, C. R.; KAMARUDIN, M. S.; SIJAM, K.; ARSHAD, A.; NEJAT, N. 2012 Effects of Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, immune gene expression and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish and Shellfish Immunology 33(4): 683í 689.
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2016-06-30
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