Estratégias de sustentabilidade no cultivo do camarão-branco-do-pacífico durante um surto regional do vírus da síndrome da mancha branca
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2024.50.e873Palavras-chave:
Aquicultura de camarão, Indicadores de sustentabilidade, LagoasResumo
O presente estudo avaliou a sustentabilidade econômica, ambiental e social de três estratégias de produção de camarão-branco-do-pacífico (Litopenaeus vannamei) durante um surto regional do vírus da síndrome da mancha branca. As estratégias diferiram principalmente pelas densidades de estocagem (92, 14, 8 larvas·m-2; D92, D14 e D8, respectivamente), insumos de fertilizantes e outros manejos gerais. Cada dimensão da sustentabilidade foi avaliada por meio de conjuntos de indicadores. As estratégias D14 e D8 apresentaram maior viabilidade econômica do que a D92 por causa da redução dos custos operacionais e investimentos para compra de pós-larvas e ração. Todas as estratégias mostraram sustentabilidade ambiental moderada, mas enfraqueceram a sustentabilidade econômica e social em razão do vírus. As estratégias D14 (60) e D8 (62) receberam o maior índice geral de sustentabilidade. O D92 foi a estratégia de manejo e tendência social mais favorável ao meio ambiente. Em geral, a maricultura de camarão com alta densidade de estocagem inicial não pode garantir o retorno do capital investido. As estratégias de menor densidade foram economicamente viáveis pelos altos preços pagos por quilo de camarão por causa do maior peso médio individual e redução da taxa de conversão alimentar aparente (D14 = 1,44 e D8 = 0,22), no entanto a viabilidade econômica dessas duas estratégias coincidiu com a baixa criação de oportunidades de emprego e renda, a diminuição da sustentabilidade social e o aumento do impacto ambiental.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Ambrosio Paula Bessa Junior, Wagner Cotroni Valenti, Dallas Lee Flickinger, Gustavo Gonzaga Henry-Silva
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