Exigência de energia em dietas para juvenis de cachara, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum
Palavras-chave:
peixe carnívoro, digestibilidade, Siluriformes, desempenho, composição corporal, energia digestívelResumo
Cachara, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum, é um bagre carnívoro de água doce que possui alto valor comercial no Brasil, porém a falta de informações sobre suas exigências nutricionais dificulta a formulação de dietas que permitam máximo desempenho. Foram avaliadas dietas isonitrogenadas (49% de proteína bruta) com níveis crescentes de energia bruta (3.696, 4.049, 4.343, 4.828 e 5.232 kcal kg-1) para juvenis (84,43 ± 13,59 g) de cachara. Grupos de nove peixes foram estocados em 15 unidades experimentais e alimentados duas vezes ao dia, í s 9h e 19h, até a saciedade aparente, com as diferentes dietas experimentais por 90 dias. Pela análise de regressão polinomial foi observado efeito quadrático do aumento da concentração de energia bruta da dieta sobre o ganho em peso, ganho em peso diário, taxa de crescimento específico, conversão alimentar, eficiência alimentar, consumo alimentar e taxa de retenção proteica. A gordura corporal aumentou linearmente com o aumento de energia bruta na dieta, ao contrário da umidade. A digestibilidade da proteína, matéria seca e energia não variaram significativamente entre as dietas contendo 4.049, 4.343 e 4.828 kcal kg-1 de energia bruta. Portanto, para um máximo ganho em peso diário, a exigência energética estimada para juvenis de cachara com peso entre 84,43 g e 240 g é de 3.497 kcal kg-1 de energia digestível e equivale a uma relação energia digestível:proteína digestível de 8,08 kcal g-1.
Referências
ABIMORAD. E.G. e CARNEIRO, D.J. 2007 Digestibility and performance of pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus) juveniles í fed diets containing different protein, lipid and carbohydrate levels.
Aquaculture Nutrition, 13(1): 1-9.
ALI, M.Z. e JAUNCEY, K. 2005 Approaches to optimizing dietary protein to energy ratio for
African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell,1822). Aquaculture Nutrition, 11(2): 95-101.
AOAC - ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS INTERNATIONAL. 1999 Official
Methods of Analysis. 16ª ed. AOAC. Washington:DC. 1141p.
BORBA, M.R.; FRACALOSSI, D.M.; PEZZATO, L.E.2006 Dietary energy requirement of piracanjuba
fingerlings, Brycon orbignyanus, and relative utilization of dietary carbohydrate and lipid. Aquaculture Nutrition, 12(3): 183í 191.
BREMER NETO, H.; GRANER, C.A.F.; PEZZATO,L.E.; PADOVANI, C.A.; CANTELMO, O.A. 2003 Diminuição do teor de óxido de crômio (III) usado como marcador externo. Revista Brasileira
de Zootecnia, 32(2): 249-255.
BUREAU, D.P.; KAUSHIK, S.J.; CHO, C.Y. 2002 Bioenergetics. In: HALVER, J.E. e HARDY, R.W.
Fish Nutrition. Elsevier Science USA, New York:Academic Press. p.1í 59.
CAMPOS J.L. 2010 O cultivo do Pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Spix; Agassiz, 1829),
outras espécies do gênero Pseudoplatystoma e seus Híbridos. In: BALDISSEROTO, B. e
GOMES, L.C. Espécies nativas para piscicultura no Brasil. Santa Maria: UFSM. p.335-361.
CHO, C.Y. 1990 Fish nutrition, feeds, and feeding: with special emphasis on salmonid aquaculture.
Food Reviews International, 6(3): 333-357.
CHO, C.Y. 1992 Feeding for rainbow trout and other salmonids. With reference to current estimates of energy and protein requirements. Aquaculture,100(1-3): 107-123.
CHO S.H.; LEE, S.M.; LEE, J.H. 2005 Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body
composition of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L) reared under optimum salinity and
temperature conditions. Aquaculture Nutrition,11(5): 235í 240.
CORNÉLIO, F.H.G.; CUNHA, D.A.; SILVEIRA, J.;ALEXANDRE, D.; SILVA, C.P.; FRACALOSSI, D.M. 2014 Dietary protein requirement of juvenile cachara catfish, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 45(1): 45-54.
COUTINHO, F.; PERES, H.; GUERREIRO, I.; POUSÃO-FERREIRA, P.; OLIVA-TELES, A. 2012
Dietary protein requirement of sharpsnout sea bream. Aquaculture, 356-357: 391-397.
CREPALDI, D.V.; FARIA, P.M.C.; TEIXEIRA, E.A.;RIBEIRO, L.P.; COSTA, A.A.P.; MELO, D.C.; CINTRA, A.P.R.; PRADO, S.A.; COSTA, F.A.A.;DRUMOND, M.L.; LOPES, V.E.; MORAES, V.E. 2007 O surubim na aquicultura do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal, 30(3/4):150-158.
FUJIMOTO, R.Y. e CARNEIRO, D.J. 2001 Adição de ascorbil polifosfato como fonte de vitamina C
em dietas para alevinos de pintado,Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Agassiz,1829). Acta Scentiarum, 23(4): 855-861.
GUO, Z.; ZHU, X.; LIU, J.; HAN, D.; YANG, Y.;LAN, Z.; XIE, S. 2012 Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance, nitrogen and energy budget of juvenile sturgeon, Acipenser
baerii ♀ x A. gueldenstaedtii ââ„¢"š. Aquaculture, 338-341: 89-95.
HANSEN, J.O. e STOREBAKKEN, T. 2007 Effects of dietary cellulose level on pellet quality and nutrient digestibilities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 272(1-4): 458-465.
HILLESTAD, M.; JOHNSEN, F.; ASGARD, T. 2001 Protein to carbohydrate ratio in high-energy
diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture Research, 32(7): 517-529.
KAUSHIK, S.J. e MÉDALE, F. 1994 Review Energy requirements, utilization and dietary supply to
salmonids. Aquaculture, 124(1-4): 81-97.
KIM, K.W.; WANG, X.; CHOI, S.M.; PARK, G.P.;BAI, S.C. 2004 Evaluation of optimum dietary protein-to-energy ratio in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel). Aquaculture Research, 35(3): 250-255.
KITAGIMA, R.E. e FRACALOSSI, D.M. 2011 Digestibility of alternative protein-rich feedstuffs for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 42(3): 306-312.
LEE, S.M. e KIM, K.D. 2001 Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on the growth, protein
utilization and body composition of juvenile masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou Brevoort).
Aquaculture Research, 32(1): 39-45.
LEE, S.M. e KIM, K.D. 2009 Effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratios on growth and body
composition of juvenile and grower rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Aquaculture Research, 40(16):
1830-1837.
LEE, S.M.; CHO, S.H.; KIM, K.D. 2000 Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Growth
and Body Composition of Juvenile Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 31(3): 306-315.
LIN, Y.H. e SHIAU, S.Y. 2003 Dietary lipid requirement of grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus,
and effects on immune responses. Aquaculture,225(1-4): 243-250.
LOVELL, R.T. 1998 Nutrition and Feeding of Fish. 2ª ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston. 267p.
MARTINO R.C.; CYRINO, J.E.P.; PORTZ, L.; TRUGO, L.C. 2002 Effect of dietary lipid level on
nutritional performance of the surubim, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans. Aquaculture, 209(1-4):
209-218.
MARTINO R.C.; CYRINO, J.E.P.; PORTZ, L.;TRUGO, L.C. 2005 Performance, carcass composition and nutrient utilization of surubim Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (Agassiz) fed diets with varying carbohydrate and lipid levels. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11(2): 131-137.
MOHANTA, K.N.; MOHANTY, S.N.; JENA, J.; SAHU, N.P. 2009 A dietary energy level of 14.6 MJ kg-1 and protein-to-energy ratio of 20.2 g MJ-1 results in best growth performance and nutrient accretion in silver barb Puntius gonionotus fingerlings. Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(6): 627-637.
NRC - NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. 1993 Nutrient requirements of fish. Washington, DC:
National Academic Press. 114p.
NRC - NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. 2011 Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp.
Washington, D.C: National Academic Press. 360p.
POTTER, L.H. e MATTERSON, L.D. 1960 Metabolizable energy of feed ingredients for the growing
chick. Poultry Science, 39(3): 781-782.
SÁ, M.V.C. e FRACALOSSI, D.M. 2002 Exigência proteica e relação energia/proteína para alevinos de piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus).Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 31(1): 1-10.
SAMPAIO, A.M.B.M.; KUBITZA, F.; CYRINO, J.E.P. 2000 Relação energia: proteína na nutrição do
tucunaré. Scientia Agricola, 57(2): 213-219.
SILVA, T.S.C.; MORO, G.V.; SILVA, T.B.A.; DAIRIKI, J.K.; CIRYNO, J.E.P. 2013 Digestibility of feed ingredientes for the striped surubim Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum. Aquaculture Nutrition,19(4): 491-498.
STONE, D.A.J. 2003 Dietary carbohydrate utilization by fish. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 11(4): 337-369.
TAKAHASHI, L.S.I. e CYRINO J.E.P. 2006 Dietary carbohydrate level on growth performance of
speckled catfish, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans. Journal of Aquaculture on Tropics, 21(1): 13-19.
TAVARES, M.P. 1997 O surubim. In: MIRANDA, M.O.T. (org.), Surubim. Belo Horizonte: IBAMA
(coleção Meio Ambiente, Série Estudos Pesca,19). p.9-25.
WANG, Y.; GUO, J.L.; LI, K.; BUREAU, D.P. 2006 Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on
growth, feed utilization and body composition of cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioides). Aquaculture, 252(2-4): 421-428.
WATANABE, T. 1982 Lipid nutrition in fish. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology, 73B(1): 3í 15.
WILSON R.P. 1994 Utilization of dietary carbohydrate by fish. Aquaculture, 124(1-4): 67-80.
Aquaculture Nutrition, 13(1): 1-9.
ALI, M.Z. e JAUNCEY, K. 2005 Approaches to optimizing dietary protein to energy ratio for
African catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell,1822). Aquaculture Nutrition, 11(2): 95-101.
AOAC - ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTS INTERNATIONAL. 1999 Official
Methods of Analysis. 16ª ed. AOAC. Washington:DC. 1141p.
BORBA, M.R.; FRACALOSSI, D.M.; PEZZATO, L.E.2006 Dietary energy requirement of piracanjuba
fingerlings, Brycon orbignyanus, and relative utilization of dietary carbohydrate and lipid. Aquaculture Nutrition, 12(3): 183í 191.
BREMER NETO, H.; GRANER, C.A.F.; PEZZATO,L.E.; PADOVANI, C.A.; CANTELMO, O.A. 2003 Diminuição do teor de óxido de crômio (III) usado como marcador externo. Revista Brasileira
de Zootecnia, 32(2): 249-255.
BUREAU, D.P.; KAUSHIK, S.J.; CHO, C.Y. 2002 Bioenergetics. In: HALVER, J.E. e HARDY, R.W.
Fish Nutrition. Elsevier Science USA, New York:Academic Press. p.1í 59.
CAMPOS J.L. 2010 O cultivo do Pintado (Pseudoplatystoma corruscans, Spix; Agassiz, 1829),
outras espécies do gênero Pseudoplatystoma e seus Híbridos. In: BALDISSEROTO, B. e
GOMES, L.C. Espécies nativas para piscicultura no Brasil. Santa Maria: UFSM. p.335-361.
CHO, C.Y. 1990 Fish nutrition, feeds, and feeding: with special emphasis on salmonid aquaculture.
Food Reviews International, 6(3): 333-357.
CHO, C.Y. 1992 Feeding for rainbow trout and other salmonids. With reference to current estimates of energy and protein requirements. Aquaculture,100(1-3): 107-123.
CHO S.H.; LEE, S.M.; LEE, J.H. 2005 Effect of dietary protein and lipid levels on growth and body
composition of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L) reared under optimum salinity and
temperature conditions. Aquaculture Nutrition,11(5): 235í 240.
CORNÉLIO, F.H.G.; CUNHA, D.A.; SILVEIRA, J.;ALEXANDRE, D.; SILVA, C.P.; FRACALOSSI, D.M. 2014 Dietary protein requirement of juvenile cachara catfish, Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 45(1): 45-54.
COUTINHO, F.; PERES, H.; GUERREIRO, I.; POUSÃO-FERREIRA, P.; OLIVA-TELES, A. 2012
Dietary protein requirement of sharpsnout sea bream. Aquaculture, 356-357: 391-397.
CREPALDI, D.V.; FARIA, P.M.C.; TEIXEIRA, E.A.;RIBEIRO, L.P.; COSTA, A.A.P.; MELO, D.C.; CINTRA, A.P.R.; PRADO, S.A.; COSTA, F.A.A.;DRUMOND, M.L.; LOPES, V.E.; MORAES, V.E. 2007 O surubim na aquicultura do Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal, 30(3/4):150-158.
FUJIMOTO, R.Y. e CARNEIRO, D.J. 2001 Adição de ascorbil polifosfato como fonte de vitamina C
em dietas para alevinos de pintado,Pseudoplatystoma corruscans (Agassiz,1829). Acta Scentiarum, 23(4): 855-861.
GUO, Z.; ZHU, X.; LIU, J.; HAN, D.; YANG, Y.;LAN, Z.; XIE, S. 2012 Effects of dietary protein
level on growth performance, nitrogen and energy budget of juvenile sturgeon, Acipenser
baerii ♀ x A. gueldenstaedtii ââ„¢"š. Aquaculture, 338-341: 89-95.
HANSEN, J.O. e STOREBAKKEN, T. 2007 Effects of dietary cellulose level on pellet quality and nutrient digestibilities in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, 272(1-4): 458-465.
HILLESTAD, M.; JOHNSEN, F.; ASGARD, T. 2001 Protein to carbohydrate ratio in high-energy
diets for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquaculture Research, 32(7): 517-529.
KAUSHIK, S.J. e MÉDALE, F. 1994 Review Energy requirements, utilization and dietary supply to
salmonids. Aquaculture, 124(1-4): 81-97.
KIM, K.W.; WANG, X.; CHOI, S.M.; PARK, G.P.;BAI, S.C. 2004 Evaluation of optimum dietary protein-to-energy ratio in juvenile olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus (Temminck et Schlegel). Aquaculture Research, 35(3): 250-255.
KITAGIMA, R.E. e FRACALOSSI, D.M. 2011 Digestibility of alternative protein-rich feedstuffs for channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 42(3): 306-312.
LEE, S.M. e KIM, K.D. 2001 Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on the growth, protein
utilization and body composition of juvenile masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou Brevoort).
Aquaculture Research, 32(1): 39-45.
LEE, S.M. e KIM, K.D. 2009 Effects of dietary carbohydrate to lipid ratios on growth and body
composition of juvenile and grower rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli. Aquaculture Research, 40(16):
1830-1837.
LEE, S.M.; CHO, S.H.; KIM, K.D. 2000 Effects of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Growth
and Body Composition of Juvenile Flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Journal of The World Aquaculture Society, 31(3): 306-315.
LIN, Y.H. e SHIAU, S.Y. 2003 Dietary lipid requirement of grouper, Epinephelus malabaricus,
and effects on immune responses. Aquaculture,225(1-4): 243-250.
LOVELL, R.T. 1998 Nutrition and Feeding of Fish. 2ª ed. Kluwer Academic Publishers Boston. 267p.
MARTINO R.C.; CYRINO, J.E.P.; PORTZ, L.; TRUGO, L.C. 2002 Effect of dietary lipid level on
nutritional performance of the surubim, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans. Aquaculture, 209(1-4):
209-218.
MARTINO R.C.; CYRINO, J.E.P.; PORTZ, L.;TRUGO, L.C. 2005 Performance, carcass composition and nutrient utilization of surubim Pseudoplatystoma coruscans (Agassiz) fed diets with varying carbohydrate and lipid levels. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11(2): 131-137.
MOHANTA, K.N.; MOHANTY, S.N.; JENA, J.; SAHU, N.P. 2009 A dietary energy level of 14.6 MJ kg-1 and protein-to-energy ratio of 20.2 g MJ-1 results in best growth performance and nutrient accretion in silver barb Puntius gonionotus fingerlings. Aquaculture Nutrition, 15(6): 627-637.
NRC - NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. 1993 Nutrient requirements of fish. Washington, DC:
National Academic Press. 114p.
NRC - NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. 2011 Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp.
Washington, D.C: National Academic Press. 360p.
POTTER, L.H. e MATTERSON, L.D. 1960 Metabolizable energy of feed ingredients for the growing
chick. Poultry Science, 39(3): 781-782.
SÁ, M.V.C. e FRACALOSSI, D.M. 2002 Exigência proteica e relação energia/proteína para alevinos de piracanjuba (Brycon orbignyanus).Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 31(1): 1-10.
SAMPAIO, A.M.B.M.; KUBITZA, F.; CYRINO, J.E.P. 2000 Relação energia: proteína na nutrição do
tucunaré. Scientia Agricola, 57(2): 213-219.
SILVA, T.S.C.; MORO, G.V.; SILVA, T.B.A.; DAIRIKI, J.K.; CIRYNO, J.E.P. 2013 Digestibility of feed ingredientes for the striped surubim Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum. Aquaculture Nutrition,19(4): 491-498.
STONE, D.A.J. 2003 Dietary carbohydrate utilization by fish. Reviews in Fisheries Science, 11(4): 337-369.
TAKAHASHI, L.S.I. e CYRINO J.E.P. 2006 Dietary carbohydrate level on growth performance of
speckled catfish, Pseudoplatystoma corruscans. Journal of Aquaculture on Tropics, 21(1): 13-19.
TAVARES, M.P. 1997 O surubim. In: MIRANDA, M.O.T. (org.), Surubim. Belo Horizonte: IBAMA
(coleção Meio Ambiente, Série Estudos Pesca,19). p.9-25.
WANG, Y.; GUO, J.L.; LI, K.; BUREAU, D.P. 2006 Effects of dietary protein and energy levels on
growth, feed utilization and body composition of cuneate drum (Nibea miichthioides). Aquaculture, 252(2-4): 421-428.
WATANABE, T. 1982 Lipid nutrition in fish. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology, 73B(1): 3í 15.
WILSON R.P. 1994 Utilization of dietary carbohydrate by fish. Aquaculture, 124(1-4): 67-80.
Downloads
Publicado
2018-07-18
Edição
Seção
Artigo científico
