Toxicidade aguda do praguicida organofosforado diclorvos e da mistura com o piretróide deltametrina em Danio rerio e Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus
Palavras-chave:
peixes, praguicida, ecotoxicologia, mistura de praguicidas, letalidadeResumo
Praguicidas como o Diclorvos (DDVP) e a Deltametrina (DTM) são comumente usados na produção agrícola. Para avaliar a toxicidade de formulações comerciais do DDVP e da mistura deste com a DDM, foram realizados testes de toxicidade aguda em peixes das espécies Danio rerio e Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus. Para a mistura foram utilizadas as maiores concentrações dos praguicidas testados que não provocaram letalidade. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que, nas concentrações empregadas, o praguicida DDVP promove o efeito "tudo ou nadaâ€Â. No caso da mistura verificou-se a ocorrência de 100% de letalidade em concentrações dos praguicidas que não produziram letalidade se administradas isoladamente. Desta forma evidenciou-se efeito sinérgico dos praguicidas, sugerindo que o emprego de misturas destes praguicidas pode representar um fator importante. Finalmente, o efeito da toxicidade apresentada pelas duas espécies foi similar, sugerindo que Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus pode ser útil no caso de avaliações ambientais das condições nacionais.
Referências
ABERNATHY, C.O. and CASIDA, J.E. 1973 Pyrethroid insecticides: esterase cleavage in
relation to selective toxicity. Science,Washington, 179: 1235í 1236.
ALMEIDA, S.Y.M. 1994 Avaliação de neurotoxicidade em ratos, do praguicida piretróide fenvalerato em modelos comportamentais de ansiedade. São Paulo. 57p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Faculdade de Medicina e Zootecnia, USP).
BEHRA, M.; COSIN, X.; BERTRAND, C.;VONESCH, J.L.; BIELLMANN, D.;
CHATONNET, A.; STRAHLE, U. 2002 Acetylcholinesterase is required for
neuronal and muscular development in the zebrafish embryo. Nature Neuroscience, New York, 5: 111í 118.
BRADBURY, S.P. and COATS, J.R. 1989 Comparative toxicology of the pyrethroid
insecticides. Reviews of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, Summerfield,
108: 133í 177.
CASIDA, J.E.; GAMMON, D.W.; GLICKMAN,A.H.; LAWRENCE, L.J. 1983 Mechanisms of
selective action of pyrethroid insecticides. Annual Review of Pharmacology Toxicology, Palo Alto, 23: 413í 438.
CASIDA, J.E. and QUISTAD, G.B. 1995 Metabolism and synergism of pyrethrins. In:
CASIDA, J.E. and QUISTAD, G.B. (eds.). Pyrethrum Flowers: Production, Chemistry,
Toxicology, and Uses. Oxford University Press, New York, p.258í 276.
CASIDA, J.E. and QUISTAD, G.B. 1998 Goldenage of insecticide research: past, present, or future? Annual Review of Entomology, Palo Alto, 43: 1í 16.
CASIDA, J.E. and QUISTAD, G.B. 2004 Organophosphate toxicology: safety aspects
of nonacetylcholinesterase secondary targets. Chemical Research in Toxicology,
Nashville, 8: 983í 998.
CETESB. 1990 Programa bioensaios. Relatório de atividades. São Paulo. 55p.
DARRIET, F.; CORBEL, V.; HOUGARD, J.M.2003 Efficacy of mosquito nets treated with
a pyrethroid-organophosphorous mixtureagainst Kdr- and Kdr+ malaria vectors (Anopheles gambiae). Parasite, Paris, 10(4):359í 362.
DENTON, D.L.; WHEELOCK, C.E.; MURRAY, S.;DEANOVIC, L.A.; HAMMCK, B.D.;
HINTON, D.E. 2003 Joint acute toxicity of fenvalerate and diazinon to fathead minnow
(Pimephales promelas) larvae. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, Malden, 22: 336í 341.
GAUGHAN, L.C.; ENGEL, J.L.; CASIDA, J.E. 1980 Pesticide interactions: effects of
organophosphorus pesticides on the metabolism, toxicity, and persistence of selected pyrethroid insecticides. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Amsterdam, 14: 81í 85.
GUNNING, R. 1999 Esterase inhibitors synergise the toxicity of pyrethroids in Australian Helicoverpa armigera. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Amsterdam, 63(1): 50í 62.
HANNEMAN, E.H. 1992 Diisopropylfluorophosphate inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and disrupts somitogenesis in the zebrafish. Journal of Experimental Zoology, Malden, 263: 41í 53.
HANNEMAN, E. and WESTERFIELD, M. 1989 Early expression of acetylcholinesterase
activity in functionally distinct neurons of the zebrafish. Journal of Comparative Neurology,Maden, 284: 350-361.
MARTIN, T.; OCHOU, O.G.; VAISSAYRE, M.;FOURNIER, D. 2003 Organophosphorus
insecticides synergize pyrethroids in the resistant strain of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)from West Africa. Journal of .Economic Entomology, Riverside, 96(2): 468í 474.
MILLER, J.E.; LINDSAY, S.W.; ARMSTRONG, J.R.1991 Experimental hut trials of bednets
impregnated with synthetic pyrethroid or organophosphate insecticide for mosquito
control in Gambia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Hoboken, 5(4): 465í 476.
OSTI, S.C.; MATUSHIMA, E.R.; VAROLLI,F.M.F.; BERNARDE, M.M. 2004 Estudo da
toxicidade do praguicida DTM em cará (Geophagus brasilienses) e tetra amarelo
(Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus) por meio de testes de toxicidade aguda. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ECOTOXICOLOGIA, 8.,Florianópolis. Livro de Resumos do Ecotox 2004 í SETAC - Brasil. p.106.
OSWEILER, G.D. 1998 Toxicologia Veterinária.Ed. Artes Médicas. 526p.
PEí"˜A-LLOPIS, S.; FERRANDO, M.D.; PEí"˜A, J.B.;2003 Increased recovery of brain
acetylcholinesterase activity in dichlorvosintoxicated European eels Anguilla anguilla by bath treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Oldendorf/Luhe, 55(3):237-245
PERRY, M.J.; VENNERS, S.A.; BARR, D.B.; XU, X.2007 Environmental pyrethroid and
organophosphorus insecticide exposures and sperm concentration. Reproductive Toxicology,Amsterdam, 23(1):113-118.
PLACENCIA, J.; RUDOLPH, A.; CABRERA, G.; CARDENAS, G.; YEVENES, M. 2005
Inhibitory effects on esterase enzymes buche and ache in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) produced by the slow release insecticide chitosan diethyl phosphate. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B.,Virginia, 40(5): 761-768.
SATOH, T. and HOSOKAWA, M. 1998 The mammalian carboxylesterases: from molecules to functions. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Palo Alto, 38: 257í 288.
SILVER, A. 1974 The biology of cholinesterases.In: NEUBERGER, A. and TATUM, E.L. (Eds.), Frontiers of Biology, vol. 36. North-Holland Publishing Company/American Elsevier Publishing Company Inc., Amsterdam/New York, p.1í 596.
SOGORB, M.A. and VILANOVA, E. 2002 Enzymes involved in the detoxification of
organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides through hydrolysis. Toxicology Letters, Amsterdam, 128: 215í 228.
VIJVERBERG, H.P.M and BERKEN, W.N. 1990 Neurotoxical effects and the mode of action of pyrethrois insecticides. Toxicology,Amsterdam, 21:105-125.
WALKER, C.H. 1995 Biochemical biomarker in ecotoxicology â€" some recent developments. Science of the Total Environment, Amsterdam,171: 189í 195.
WEISS, C.M. 1959 Response of fish to sub-lethal exposures of organic phosphorus insecticides.Sewage Industrial Waste, Detroit, 31: 580í 593.
WERNER, I.; DEANOVIC, L.A.; HINTON, D.E.;HENDERSON, J.D.; DE OLIVEIRA, G.H.;
WILSON, B.W.; KRUEGER, W.;WALLENDER, W.W.; OLIVER, M.N.; ZALOM, F.G. 2002 Toxicity of stormwater runoff after dormant spray application of diazinon and esfenvalerate (Asana) in a French prune orchard, Glenn county, California, USA. Bulletin Archives of Environmental Contamination Toxicology, New York, 68: 29í 36.
WHEELOCK, C.E.; MILLER, J.L.; MILLER, M.G.;SHAN, G.; GEE, S.J.; HAMMOCK, B.D. 2004
Development of toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedures for pyrethroid
detection using esterase activity.Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, Malden,
11: 2699í 2708.
WHEELOCK, C.E.; SHAN, G.; OTTEA, J. 2005 Overview of carboxylesterases and their role in the metabolism of insecticides. Journal of Pesticide Science, Tokyo, 30: 75í 83.
WHO, O. 1993 Methyl Parathion (Environmental Health Criteria-EHC145, 1992). International Programme on Chemical Safety, 145.
Environmental Health Criteria World Health Organization, Geneva, p.1í 135.
ZHANG, Z.Y.; WANG, D.L.; CHI, Z.J.; LIU, X.J.;HONG, X.Y. 2008 Acute toxicity of
organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides to Bombyx mori. Journal of Economic Entomology,Riverside, 101(2): 360-364.
ZHANG, Z.Y.; YU, X.Y.; WANG, D.L.; YAN, H.J.;LIU, X.J. 2010 Acute toxicity to zebrafish of two organophosphates and four pyrethroids and their binary mixtures. Pesticide
.Management Science, Malden, 66(1): 84-89.
relation to selective toxicity. Science,Washington, 179: 1235í 1236.
ALMEIDA, S.Y.M. 1994 Avaliação de neurotoxicidade em ratos, do praguicida piretróide fenvalerato em modelos comportamentais de ansiedade. São Paulo. 57p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Faculdade de Medicina e Zootecnia, USP).
BEHRA, M.; COSIN, X.; BERTRAND, C.;VONESCH, J.L.; BIELLMANN, D.;
CHATONNET, A.; STRAHLE, U. 2002 Acetylcholinesterase is required for
neuronal and muscular development in the zebrafish embryo. Nature Neuroscience, New York, 5: 111í 118.
BRADBURY, S.P. and COATS, J.R. 1989 Comparative toxicology of the pyrethroid
insecticides. Reviews of Environmental Contamination & Toxicology, Summerfield,
108: 133í 177.
CASIDA, J.E.; GAMMON, D.W.; GLICKMAN,A.H.; LAWRENCE, L.J. 1983 Mechanisms of
selective action of pyrethroid insecticides. Annual Review of Pharmacology Toxicology, Palo Alto, 23: 413í 438.
CASIDA, J.E. and QUISTAD, G.B. 1995 Metabolism and synergism of pyrethrins. In:
CASIDA, J.E. and QUISTAD, G.B. (eds.). Pyrethrum Flowers: Production, Chemistry,
Toxicology, and Uses. Oxford University Press, New York, p.258í 276.
CASIDA, J.E. and QUISTAD, G.B. 1998 Goldenage of insecticide research: past, present, or future? Annual Review of Entomology, Palo Alto, 43: 1í 16.
CASIDA, J.E. and QUISTAD, G.B. 2004 Organophosphate toxicology: safety aspects
of nonacetylcholinesterase secondary targets. Chemical Research in Toxicology,
Nashville, 8: 983í 998.
CETESB. 1990 Programa bioensaios. Relatório de atividades. São Paulo. 55p.
DARRIET, F.; CORBEL, V.; HOUGARD, J.M.2003 Efficacy of mosquito nets treated with
a pyrethroid-organophosphorous mixtureagainst Kdr- and Kdr+ malaria vectors (Anopheles gambiae). Parasite, Paris, 10(4):359í 362.
DENTON, D.L.; WHEELOCK, C.E.; MURRAY, S.;DEANOVIC, L.A.; HAMMCK, B.D.;
HINTON, D.E. 2003 Joint acute toxicity of fenvalerate and diazinon to fathead minnow
(Pimephales promelas) larvae. Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, Malden, 22: 336í 341.
GAUGHAN, L.C.; ENGEL, J.L.; CASIDA, J.E. 1980 Pesticide interactions: effects of
organophosphorus pesticides on the metabolism, toxicity, and persistence of selected pyrethroid insecticides. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Amsterdam, 14: 81í 85.
GUNNING, R. 1999 Esterase inhibitors synergise the toxicity of pyrethroids in Australian Helicoverpa armigera. Pesticide Biochemistry and Physiology, Amsterdam, 63(1): 50í 62.
HANNEMAN, E.H. 1992 Diisopropylfluorophosphate inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity and disrupts somitogenesis in the zebrafish. Journal of Experimental Zoology, Malden, 263: 41í 53.
HANNEMAN, E. and WESTERFIELD, M. 1989 Early expression of acetylcholinesterase
activity in functionally distinct neurons of the zebrafish. Journal of Comparative Neurology,Maden, 284: 350-361.
MARTIN, T.; OCHOU, O.G.; VAISSAYRE, M.;FOURNIER, D. 2003 Organophosphorus
insecticides synergize pyrethroids in the resistant strain of cotton bollworm, Helicoverpa armigera (Hubner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)from West Africa. Journal of .Economic Entomology, Riverside, 96(2): 468í 474.
MILLER, J.E.; LINDSAY, S.W.; ARMSTRONG, J.R.1991 Experimental hut trials of bednets
impregnated with synthetic pyrethroid or organophosphate insecticide for mosquito
control in Gambia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, Hoboken, 5(4): 465í 476.
OSTI, S.C.; MATUSHIMA, E.R.; VAROLLI,F.M.F.; BERNARDE, M.M. 2004 Estudo da
toxicidade do praguicida DTM em cará (Geophagus brasilienses) e tetra amarelo
(Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus) por meio de testes de toxicidade aguda. In: CONGRESSO BRASILEIRO DE ECOTOXICOLOGIA, 8.,Florianópolis. Livro de Resumos do Ecotox 2004 í SETAC - Brasil. p.106.
OSWEILER, G.D. 1998 Toxicologia Veterinária.Ed. Artes Médicas. 526p.
PEí"˜A-LLOPIS, S.; FERRANDO, M.D.; PEí"˜A, J.B.;2003 Increased recovery of brain
acetylcholinesterase activity in dichlorvosintoxicated European eels Anguilla anguilla by bath treatment with N-acetylcysteine. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, Oldendorf/Luhe, 55(3):237-245
PERRY, M.J.; VENNERS, S.A.; BARR, D.B.; XU, X.2007 Environmental pyrethroid and
organophosphorus insecticide exposures and sperm concentration. Reproductive Toxicology,Amsterdam, 23(1):113-118.
PLACENCIA, J.; RUDOLPH, A.; CABRERA, G.; CARDENAS, G.; YEVENES, M. 2005
Inhibitory effects on esterase enzymes buche and ache in rainbow trout (Oncorhyncus mykiss) produced by the slow release insecticide chitosan diethyl phosphate. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B.,Virginia, 40(5): 761-768.
SATOH, T. and HOSOKAWA, M. 1998 The mammalian carboxylesterases: from molecules to functions. Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Palo Alto, 38: 257í 288.
SILVER, A. 1974 The biology of cholinesterases.In: NEUBERGER, A. and TATUM, E.L. (Eds.), Frontiers of Biology, vol. 36. North-Holland Publishing Company/American Elsevier Publishing Company Inc., Amsterdam/New York, p.1í 596.
SOGORB, M.A. and VILANOVA, E. 2002 Enzymes involved in the detoxification of
organophosphorus, carbamate and pyrethroid insecticides through hydrolysis. Toxicology Letters, Amsterdam, 128: 215í 228.
VIJVERBERG, H.P.M and BERKEN, W.N. 1990 Neurotoxical effects and the mode of action of pyrethrois insecticides. Toxicology,Amsterdam, 21:105-125.
WALKER, C.H. 1995 Biochemical biomarker in ecotoxicology â€" some recent developments. Science of the Total Environment, Amsterdam,171: 189í 195.
WEISS, C.M. 1959 Response of fish to sub-lethal exposures of organic phosphorus insecticides.Sewage Industrial Waste, Detroit, 31: 580í 593.
WERNER, I.; DEANOVIC, L.A.; HINTON, D.E.;HENDERSON, J.D.; DE OLIVEIRA, G.H.;
WILSON, B.W.; KRUEGER, W.;WALLENDER, W.W.; OLIVER, M.N.; ZALOM, F.G. 2002 Toxicity of stormwater runoff after dormant spray application of diazinon and esfenvalerate (Asana) in a French prune orchard, Glenn county, California, USA. Bulletin Archives of Environmental Contamination Toxicology, New York, 68: 29í 36.
WHEELOCK, C.E.; MILLER, J.L.; MILLER, M.G.;SHAN, G.; GEE, S.J.; HAMMOCK, B.D. 2004
Development of toxicity identification evaluation (TIE) procedures for pyrethroid
detection using esterase activity.Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry, Malden,
11: 2699í 2708.
WHEELOCK, C.E.; SHAN, G.; OTTEA, J. 2005 Overview of carboxylesterases and their role in the metabolism of insecticides. Journal of Pesticide Science, Tokyo, 30: 75í 83.
WHO, O. 1993 Methyl Parathion (Environmental Health Criteria-EHC145, 1992). International Programme on Chemical Safety, 145.
Environmental Health Criteria World Health Organization, Geneva, p.1í 135.
ZHANG, Z.Y.; WANG, D.L.; CHI, Z.J.; LIU, X.J.;HONG, X.Y. 2008 Acute toxicity of
organophosphorus and pyrethroid insecticides to Bombyx mori. Journal of Economic Entomology,Riverside, 101(2): 360-364.
ZHANG, Z.Y.; YU, X.Y.; WANG, D.L.; YAN, H.J.;LIU, X.J. 2010 Acute toxicity to zebrafish of two organophosphates and four pyrethroids and their binary mixtures. Pesticide
.Management Science, Malden, 66(1): 84-89.
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2018-11-07
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Nota científica (Short Communication)
