Growth and survival of bottom oyster Crassostrea gasar cultured in the Northeast and South of Brazil
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017v43n2p172Keywords:
total wet weight, shell height, culture, native oyster, Crassostrea gasarAbstract
This study evaluated the growth, survival, and time to reach the minimum market size (50 mm shell height) by the bottom oyster, Crassostrea gasar, with seeds produced at hatchery. Culture areas were located in the States of Maranhão [1-Morro do Meio (MM); 2-Torto (TT)] and of Santa Catarina [1-São Francisco do Sul (SFS); 2-Florianópolis (SB)]. Eight thousand seeds were transferred to each location and cultivated from June 2012 to July 2013. Oyster growth in Santa Catarina was bigger than in Maranhão. The ideal cultivation time was of 8 months, when animals had an average shell height of 71.96(±8.05) mm in SFS; 55.31(±6.05) mm in SB; and 46.92(±9.11) mm in TT. Morro do Meio (MM) was considered unsuitable for C. gasar growth, as the average shell height was 36.20(±12.40) mm after a 13-month cultivation. Survival rates varied throughout the year: 79.82-99.69% in SFS; 80.00-99.81% in SB; 90.59-98.21% in TT; and 64.98-96.54% in MM.
References
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BAGUR, M.; RICHARDSON, C.A.; GUTIÉRREZ, J.L.; ARRIBAS, L.P.; DOLDAN, M.S.; PALOMO,
M.G. 2013 Age, growth and mortality in four populations of the boring bivalve Lithophaga
patagonica from Argentina. Journal of Sea Research,81(1): 49í 56
BALDAN, A.P.; BENDHACK, F. 2009 Sustainable mariculture in Paraná coast, Brazil: updates
and perspectives. Rev. Acad., Ciências Agrárias Ambientais, 7(4): 491-497.
BARBIERI, E.; BONDIOLI, A.C.; WOICIECHOVSKI,E.; ZAPOTOSKI, S.M.K. 2012 Microbiology
quality of the oysters cultivation water marketed in Cananeia-SP, Brazil. O Mundo da Saúde, 36(4):
541-547, 2012
BOURDON, R.M. 2000 Understanding animal breeding.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 538p.
BRASIL, 2013 Boletim estatístico da pesca e aquiculturaBrasil 2010. Brasília, 128p.
BROWN, J. R.; HARTWICK, B.E. 1988 Influences of temperature, salinity and available food
upon suspended culture of the pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas I. Absolute and allometric
growth. Aquaculture, 70(3): 231-251.
CASTILHO-WESTPHAL, G.G.; MAGNANI, F.P.;OSTRENSKY, A. 2015 Gonadmorphology and
reproductive cycle of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamarck, 1819) in the Baia
de Guaratuba, Paraná, Brazil. Acta Zoologica,96(1): 99í 107.
CASTRO, P.; HUBER, M.E. 2012 Marine Biology. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York. 480p.
CHENG, W.; YEH, S.P.; WANG, C.S.; CHEN, J.C. 2002 Osmotic and ionic changes in Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta at diferent salinity levels. Aquaculture, 203(3-4): 349-357.
CHRISTO, S.W.; ABSHER, T.M. 2006 Reproductive period of Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding,
1828) and Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamark, 1819)(Bivalvia:Ostreidae) in Guaratuba Bay, Paraná,
Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(Special Issue): 1215-1218.
COLLAí"¡O, F.L.; SANTOR, S.M.; BARBIERI, E. 2014 Uso do geoprocessamento para definição de
áreas para o cultivo de ostras na região estuarina de Cananéia/SP. Revista da Gestão Costeira
Integrada, 15(2):193-207.
DOI, S.A.; OLIVEIRA, A.J.F.C.; BARBIERI, E. 2015 Determinação de coliformes na água e no tecido
mole das ostras extraídas em Cananéia, São Paulo, Brasil. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental,
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cultivo aquícolas na zona costeira do Brasil: recursos,tecnologias, aspectos ambientais e sócio-econômicos.Rio de Janeiro: BARROSO, G.F.; POERSCH,L.H.S.; CAVALLI, R.O. p. 87 -96.
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FUNO, I.C.S.; ANTONIO, I.G.; MARINHO, Y.F.; GÁLVEZ, A.O. 2015 Influência da salinidade sobre a sobrevivência e crescimento de Crassostrea gasar. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 41(4): 837-847.
GANGNERY, A.; CHABIRAND, J.M.; LAGARDE, F.;GALL, Le P.; OHEIX, J.; BACHER, C.; BUESTEL,
D. 2003 Growth model of the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas, cultured in Thau Lagoon (Méditerranée, France). Aquaculture, 215(1í 4):267í 290.
GOMES, C.H.A.M.; SILVA, F.C; LOPES, G.R.; MELO, C.M.R. 2014 The reproductive cycle of the oyster
Crassostrea gasar. Brazilian Journal of Biology,74(4): 967-976.
GOSLING, E. 2003 Bivalve mollusks: biology, ecology and culture. Oxford: Fishing News Books, 455p.
HARDING, J.M., 2007 Comparison of growth rates between diploid DEBY eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica, Gmelin 1791), triploid eastern oysters, and Triploid suminoe oysters
(C. Ariakensis, Fugita 1913). Journal of Shellfish Research, 26(4): 961í 972.
IGNÁCIO, B.L.; ABSHER T.M.; LAZOSKI, C.;SOLÉ-CAVA, A.M. 2000 Genetic evidence of the presence of two species of Crassostrea (Bivalvia:Ostreidae) on the coast of Brazil. Marine Biology,136(6): 987-991.
KRAEUTER, J.; FORD, S.; CUMMINGS, M. 2007 Oyster growth analysis: a comparison of methods. Journal of Shellfish Research, 26(2):479í 491.
LAPEGUE, S.; BOUDRY, P.; GOULLETQUER, P.2006 Pacific cupped oyster - Crassostrea gigas.
GENINPACT - Evaluation of genetic impact of aquaculture activies on native population. In:
A European network, WP1 workshop "Genetics of domestication, breeding and enhancement of
performance of fish and shellfish, Viterbo, Itália. Anais… Viterbo: p. 76-82.
LAZOSKI, C.; GUSMÃO, J.; BOUDRY, P.;SOLÉ-CAVA, A.M. 2011 Phylogeny and phylogeography of commercially important Atlantic oyster species: evolutionary history,limited genetic connectivity and isolation by distance. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 426:197í 212.
LEGAT, J.F.A. Reprodução e cultivo da ostra Crassostrea gasar (Adanson, 1757), nos estados do Maranhão e Santa Catarina. 2015, 120f. Tese (Doutorado em Aquicultura), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
LOPES, G.R.; GOMES, C.H.A.M.; TURECK, C. R.; MELO, C.M.R. 2013 Growth of Crassostrea gasar
cultured in marine and estuary environments in Brazilian waters. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,48(7): 975-982.
MELO, A.G.C.; VARELA, E.S.; BEASLEY, C.R.;SCHNEIDER, H.; SAMPAIO, I.; GAFFNEY,P.M.; REECE, K.S.; TAGLIARO, C.H. 2010 Molecular identification, phylogeny and geographic distribution of Brazilian mangrove oysters (Crassostrea). Genetics and Molecular Biology, 33(3): 564-572.
MIGNANI, L.; BARBIERI, E.; MARQUES, H.L.A.; OLIVEIRA, A.J.F.C. 2013 Coliform density in oyster culture waters and its relationship with environmental factors.Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48(8): 833-840.
MIRANDA, L.B.; CASTRO, B.M.; KJERFVE, B. 2002 Princípios de oceanografia física de estuários. Editora da Universidade de São Paulo. 416p.
MIZUTA, D.D.; SILVEIRA JíÅ¡NIOR, N.; FISCHER,C.E., LEMOS, D. 2012 Interannual variation in
commercial oyster (Crassostrea gigas) farming in the sea (Florianópolis, Brazil, 27°44′ S; 48°33′
W) in relation to temperature, chlorophyll a and associated oceanographic conditions. Aquaculture, 366-367: 105-114.
MONTANHINI-NETO, R.M.; ZENI, T.O.; LUDWIG,S.; HORODESKY, A.; GIROTTO, M.V.F.;CASTILHO-WESTPHAL, G.G.; OSTRENSKY,A. 2013 Influence of environmental variables on the growth and reproductive cycle of Crassostrea(Mollusca, Bivalvia) in Guaratuba Bay, Brazil. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 57(3):208-2018.
MUNRO, J.K.; PAULY D. 1983 A simple method for comparing growth of fishes and invertebrates.
ICLARM Fishfyte 1(1): 5-6.
NASCIMENTO, I.A. 1991 Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding) and C.brasiliana (Lamarck) in South
and Central America. In: Estuarine and marine bivalve mollusk culture. Boston: CRC Press,
p.125-134.
PEREIRA, O.M.; GALVÃO, M.S.N.; TANJI, S. 1991 Época e método de seleção de sementes de
ostras Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamarck, 1819) no complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia,
Estado de São Paulo (25°S, 48°W). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 18(1): 41-49.
PEREIRA, O.M.; SOARES, F.C. 1996 Análise da criação de ostra Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamarck,
1819) no sitio Guarapari, na região lagunarestuarina de Cananéia-SP. Boletim do Instituto
de Pesca, 27(2): 163-174.
PEREIRA, O.M.; MACHADO, I.C.; HENRIQUES, M.B.; YAMANAKA, N. 2001 Crescimento da
ostra C. brasiliana semeada sobre tabuleiro em diferentes densidades na região estuarinolagunar de Cananéia í SP (25°S, 48°W). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 23(1): 135-142.
PEREIRA, O.M.; HENRIQUES, M.B.; MACHADO,I.C. 2003 Estimativa da curva de crescimento da ostra Crassostrea brasiliana em bosques de mangue e proposta para sua extração ordenada
no estuário de Cananéia, SP, Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 29(1): 19-28.
POLI, C.R. 2004 Cultivo de ostras do Pacífico (Crassostrea gigas). In: Aquicultura - experiências
brasileiras. Florianópolis: Multitarefa, p. 251í 266.
RIOS, E.C. 2009 Compendium of Brazilian seashells of Brazil. Fundação Universidade do Rio Grande,Rio Grande, Brazil. 368p.
SANTA CATARINA, 2015. Síntese informativa da maricultura 2014. Florianópolis-SC.SILVEIRA, R.C.; SILVA, F.C.; GOMES, C.H.M.;FERREIRA, J.F.; MELO, C.M.R. 2011 Larval settlement and spat recovery rates of the oyster Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamarck, 1819) using different systems to induce metamorphosis.Brazilian Journal of Biology, 71(2): 557-562.
SíÅ“HNEL, S.; JOHNSON, S.C.; GURNEY-SMITH,H.J; IVACHUK, C.S.; SCHAEFER, A.L.C.;THOMSON, C.A.; MACIEL, M.L.T; MARTINS,M.L.; ARANGUREN, R.; FIGUERAS, A.;MAGALHíES, A.R.M. 2016 A status assessment of perkinsiosis, bonamiosis and mateiliosis in commercial marine bivalves from southern Brazil. Journal of Shellfish Research, 35(1): 143-156.
TURECK, C.R. 2010 Sementes de ostras nativas no litoral de Santa Catarina/Brasil, como subsidio ao cultivo. 140f. Tese (Doutorado em Aquicultura), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
VARELA E.S.; BEASLEY, C.R.; SCHNEIDER, H.; SAMPAIO, I.; MARQUES-SILVA, N.S.;TAGLIARO, C. H. 2007 Molecular phylogeny of mangrove oysters (Crassostrea) from Brazil.Journal of Molluscan Studies, 73(3): 229í 234.
ZHANG, Z.; LI, X.; VANDEPEER, M.; ZHAO,W. 2006 Effects of water temperature and air exposure on the lysosomal membrane stability of hemocytes in pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). Aquaculture, 256(1-4): 502-509.
ALVES, E.B.; ANDRADE JíÅ¡NIOR, A.S.; RODRIGUES,B.H.N. 2014 Boletim agrometeorológico de 2013 para o Município de Parnaíba, Piauí. Teresina: Embrapa Meio-Norte, 38p.
AKBERALI, H.B.; TRUEMAN, E.R. 1985 Effects of environmental stress on marine bivalve
molluscs. In: Advances in Marine Biology, vol. 22.Londres, Academic Press Inc, p.102-183.
BAGUR, M.; RICHARDSON, C.A.; GUTIÉRREZ, J.L.; ARRIBAS, L.P.; DOLDAN, M.S.; PALOMO,
M.G. 2013 Age, growth and mortality in four populations of the boring bivalve Lithophaga
patagonica from Argentina. Journal of Sea Research,81(1): 49í 56
BALDAN, A.P.; BENDHACK, F. 2009 Sustainable mariculture in Paraná coast, Brazil: updates
and perspectives. Rev. Acad., Ciências Agrárias Ambientais, 7(4): 491-497.
BARBIERI, E.; BONDIOLI, A.C.; WOICIECHOVSKI,E.; ZAPOTOSKI, S.M.K. 2012 Microbiology
quality of the oysters cultivation water marketed in Cananeia-SP, Brazil. O Mundo da Saúde, 36(4):
541-547, 2012
BOURDON, R.M. 2000 Understanding animal breeding.Upper Saddle River, New Jersey. 538p.
BRASIL, 2013 Boletim estatístico da pesca e aquiculturaBrasil 2010. Brasília, 128p.
BROWN, J. R.; HARTWICK, B.E. 1988 Influences of temperature, salinity and available food
upon suspended culture of the pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas I. Absolute and allometric
growth. Aquaculture, 70(3): 231-251.
CASTILHO-WESTPHAL, G.G.; MAGNANI, F.P.;OSTRENSKY, A. 2015 Gonadmorphology and
reproductive cycle of the mangrove oyster Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamarck, 1819) in the Baia
de Guaratuba, Paraná, Brazil. Acta Zoologica,96(1): 99í 107.
CASTRO, P.; HUBER, M.E. 2012 Marine Biology. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., New York. 480p.
CHENG, W.; YEH, S.P.; WANG, C.S.; CHEN, J.C. 2002 Osmotic and ionic changes in Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta at diferent salinity levels. Aquaculture, 203(3-4): 349-357.
CHRISTO, S.W.; ABSHER, T.M. 2006 Reproductive period of Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding,
1828) and Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamark, 1819)(Bivalvia:Ostreidae) in Guaratuba Bay, Paraná,
Brazil. Journal of Coastal Research, 39(Special Issue): 1215-1218.
COLLAí"¡O, F.L.; SANTOR, S.M.; BARBIERI, E. 2014 Uso do geoprocessamento para definição de
áreas para o cultivo de ostras na região estuarina de Cananéia/SP. Revista da Gestão Costeira
Integrada, 15(2):193-207.
DOI, S.A.; OLIVEIRA, A.J.F.C.; BARBIERI, E. 2015 Determinação de coliformes na água e no tecido
mole das ostras extraídas em Cananéia, São Paulo, Brasil. Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental,
20(1): 111-118.
FAO 2010 Fishstat Plus 2.30: Universal software for fishery statistical time series. Rome: Fisheries
Department, Fishery Information, Data and Statistics Unit.FAO 2014 The State of world fisheries and aquaculture.Roma, 223p.
FAO 2015 FIGIS, FishStat (Database). Disponível em<http://data.fao.org/ref/babf3346-ff2d-4e6c9a40-ef6a50fcd422.html?version=1.0>. Acesso em: 19 junho 2015.
FERREIRA, J.F.; OLIVEIRA-NETO, M. 2007 Cultivo de moluscos em Santa Catarina. In: Sistemas de
cultivo aquícolas na zona costeira do Brasil: recursos,tecnologias, aspectos ambientais e sócio-econômicos.Rio de Janeiro: BARROSO, G.F.; POERSCH,L.H.S.; CAVALLI, R.O. p. 87 -96.
FERREIRA, J.F.; SILVA, F.C.; GOMES, C.H.A.M;FERREIRA, F.M. 2011 Produção programada e rastreabilidade de larvas e sementes de moluscos em Santa Catarina. Revista Brasileira de Reprodução Animal, 35(2): 192-197.
FUNO, I.C.S.; ANTONIO, I.G.; MARINHO, Y.F.; GÁLVEZ, A.O. 2015 Influência da salinidade sobre a sobrevivência e crescimento de Crassostrea gasar. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca 41(4): 837-847.
GANGNERY, A.; CHABIRAND, J.M.; LAGARDE, F.;GALL, Le P.; OHEIX, J.; BACHER, C.; BUESTEL,
D. 2003 Growth model of the Pacific oyster,Crassostrea gigas, cultured in Thau Lagoon (Méditerranée, France). Aquaculture, 215(1í 4):267í 290.
GOMES, C.H.A.M.; SILVA, F.C; LOPES, G.R.; MELO, C.M.R. 2014 The reproductive cycle of the oyster
Crassostrea gasar. Brazilian Journal of Biology,74(4): 967-976.
GOSLING, E. 2003 Bivalve mollusks: biology, ecology and culture. Oxford: Fishing News Books, 455p.
HARDING, J.M., 2007 Comparison of growth rates between diploid DEBY eastern oysters (Crassostrea virginica, Gmelin 1791), triploid eastern oysters, and Triploid suminoe oysters
(C. Ariakensis, Fugita 1913). Journal of Shellfish Research, 26(4): 961í 972.
IGNÁCIO, B.L.; ABSHER T.M.; LAZOSKI, C.;SOLÉ-CAVA, A.M. 2000 Genetic evidence of the presence of two species of Crassostrea (Bivalvia:Ostreidae) on the coast of Brazil. Marine Biology,136(6): 987-991.
KRAEUTER, J.; FORD, S.; CUMMINGS, M. 2007 Oyster growth analysis: a comparison of methods. Journal of Shellfish Research, 26(2):479í 491.
LAPEGUE, S.; BOUDRY, P.; GOULLETQUER, P.2006 Pacific cupped oyster - Crassostrea gigas.
GENINPACT - Evaluation of genetic impact of aquaculture activies on native population. In:
A European network, WP1 workshop "Genetics of domestication, breeding and enhancement of
performance of fish and shellfish, Viterbo, Itália. Anais… Viterbo: p. 76-82.
LAZOSKI, C.; GUSMÃO, J.; BOUDRY, P.;SOLÉ-CAVA, A.M. 2011 Phylogeny and phylogeography of commercially important Atlantic oyster species: evolutionary history,limited genetic connectivity and isolation by distance. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 426:197í 212.
LEGAT, J.F.A. Reprodução e cultivo da ostra Crassostrea gasar (Adanson, 1757), nos estados do Maranhão e Santa Catarina. 2015, 120f. Tese (Doutorado em Aquicultura), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
LOPES, G.R.; GOMES, C.H.A.M.; TURECK, C. R.; MELO, C.M.R. 2013 Growth of Crassostrea gasar
cultured in marine and estuary environments in Brazilian waters. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,48(7): 975-982.
MELO, A.G.C.; VARELA, E.S.; BEASLEY, C.R.;SCHNEIDER, H.; SAMPAIO, I.; GAFFNEY,P.M.; REECE, K.S.; TAGLIARO, C.H. 2010 Molecular identification, phylogeny and geographic distribution of Brazilian mangrove oysters (Crassostrea). Genetics and Molecular Biology, 33(3): 564-572.
MIGNANI, L.; BARBIERI, E.; MARQUES, H.L.A.; OLIVEIRA, A.J.F.C. 2013 Coliform density in oyster culture waters and its relationship with environmental factors.Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48(8): 833-840.
MIRANDA, L.B.; CASTRO, B.M.; KJERFVE, B. 2002 Princípios de oceanografia física de estuários. Editora da Universidade de São Paulo. 416p.
MIZUTA, D.D.; SILVEIRA JíÅ¡NIOR, N.; FISCHER,C.E., LEMOS, D. 2012 Interannual variation in
commercial oyster (Crassostrea gigas) farming in the sea (Florianópolis, Brazil, 27°44′ S; 48°33′
W) in relation to temperature, chlorophyll a and associated oceanographic conditions. Aquaculture, 366-367: 105-114.
MONTANHINI-NETO, R.M.; ZENI, T.O.; LUDWIG,S.; HORODESKY, A.; GIROTTO, M.V.F.;CASTILHO-WESTPHAL, G.G.; OSTRENSKY,A. 2013 Influence of environmental variables on the growth and reproductive cycle of Crassostrea(Mollusca, Bivalvia) in Guaratuba Bay, Brazil. Invertebrate Reproduction & Development, 57(3):208-2018.
MUNRO, J.K.; PAULY D. 1983 A simple method for comparing growth of fishes and invertebrates.
ICLARM Fishfyte 1(1): 5-6.
NASCIMENTO, I.A. 1991 Crassostrea rhizophorae (Guilding) and C.brasiliana (Lamarck) in South
and Central America. In: Estuarine and marine bivalve mollusk culture. Boston: CRC Press,
p.125-134.
PEREIRA, O.M.; GALVÃO, M.S.N.; TANJI, S. 1991 Época e método de seleção de sementes de
ostras Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamarck, 1819) no complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananéia,
Estado de São Paulo (25°S, 48°W). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 18(1): 41-49.
PEREIRA, O.M.; SOARES, F.C. 1996 Análise da criação de ostra Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamarck,
1819) no sitio Guarapari, na região lagunarestuarina de Cananéia-SP. Boletim do Instituto
de Pesca, 27(2): 163-174.
PEREIRA, O.M.; MACHADO, I.C.; HENRIQUES, M.B.; YAMANAKA, N. 2001 Crescimento da
ostra C. brasiliana semeada sobre tabuleiro em diferentes densidades na região estuarinolagunar de Cananéia í SP (25°S, 48°W). Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 23(1): 135-142.
PEREIRA, O.M.; HENRIQUES, M.B.; MACHADO,I.C. 2003 Estimativa da curva de crescimento da ostra Crassostrea brasiliana em bosques de mangue e proposta para sua extração ordenada
no estuário de Cananéia, SP, Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 29(1): 19-28.
POLI, C.R. 2004 Cultivo de ostras do Pacífico (Crassostrea gigas). In: Aquicultura - experiências
brasileiras. Florianópolis: Multitarefa, p. 251í 266.
RIOS, E.C. 2009 Compendium of Brazilian seashells of Brazil. Fundação Universidade do Rio Grande,Rio Grande, Brazil. 368p.
SANTA CATARINA, 2015. Síntese informativa da maricultura 2014. Florianópolis-SC.SILVEIRA, R.C.; SILVA, F.C.; GOMES, C.H.M.;FERREIRA, J.F.; MELO, C.M.R. 2011 Larval settlement and spat recovery rates of the oyster Crassostrea brasiliana (Lamarck, 1819) using different systems to induce metamorphosis.Brazilian Journal of Biology, 71(2): 557-562.
SíÅ“HNEL, S.; JOHNSON, S.C.; GURNEY-SMITH,H.J; IVACHUK, C.S.; SCHAEFER, A.L.C.;THOMSON, C.A.; MACIEL, M.L.T; MARTINS,M.L.; ARANGUREN, R.; FIGUERAS, A.;MAGALHíES, A.R.M. 2016 A status assessment of perkinsiosis, bonamiosis and mateiliosis in commercial marine bivalves from southern Brazil. Journal of Shellfish Research, 35(1): 143-156.
TURECK, C.R. 2010 Sementes de ostras nativas no litoral de Santa Catarina/Brasil, como subsidio ao cultivo. 140f. Tese (Doutorado em Aquicultura), Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina.
VARELA E.S.; BEASLEY, C.R.; SCHNEIDER, H.; SAMPAIO, I.; MARQUES-SILVA, N.S.;TAGLIARO, C. H. 2007 Molecular phylogeny of mangrove oysters (Crassostrea) from Brazil.Journal of Molluscan Studies, 73(3): 229í 234.
ZHANG, Z.; LI, X.; VANDEPEER, M.; ZHAO,W. 2006 Effects of water temperature and air exposure on the lysosomal membrane stability of hemocytes in pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg). Aquaculture, 256(1-4): 502-509.
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