Fish protein hydrolysate as an ingredient in diets for Arapaima gigas juveniles
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017.85.92Keywords:
alternative ingredient, tilapia trimmings, carnivorous fishAbstract
This study evaluated the dietary inclusion of a fish protein hydrolyzate (FPH) derived from tilapia trimmings on physiological and growth parameters of juveniles of Arapaima gigas. A total of 180 arapaima juveniles (91.4 ± 2.7 g) were used in a complete randomized design with six treatments (n = 3). Fish were fed to apparent satiation four times a day for eight weeks, with diets containing increasing inclusion levels of FPH (0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20%). FPH diets did not affect growth and hemato-biochemical parameters of arapaima juveniles. The FPH from tilapia trimmings seems to be a suitable ingredient for arapaima over 90 g, feeds at least up to 20% inclusion level. No bioactive effects of the FPH could be detected.
References
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BLAXHALL, P.C.; DAISLEY, K.W. 1973 Routine hematological methods for use with fish blood.
Journal of Fish Biology, 5(6): 771-781.
BOYD, C.E.; TUCKER, C.S. 1992 Water quality and pond soil. Analyses for aquaculture. Auburn
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BUI, H.T.D.; KHOSRAVI, S.; FOURNIER, V.; HERAULT, M.; LEE, K.J. 2014 Growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity, digestibility and disease resistance of juvenile red seabream (Pagrus major) fed diets supplemented with protein hydrolysates. Aquaculture, 418-419: 11-16.
CAHU, C.L.; ZAMBONINO INFANTE, J.L. 2001 Substitution of live food by formulated diets in marine fish larvae. Aquaculture, 200(1-2): 161-180.
CAVERO, B.A.S.; PEREIRA-FILHO, M.; ROUBACH, R.; ITUASSíÅ¡, D.R.; GANDRA, A.L.;
CRESCíÅ NCIO, R. 2003 Efeitos da densidade de estocagem sobre eficiência alimentar de juvenis
de arapaima (Arapaima gigas) em ambiente confinado. Acta Amazonica, 34(4): 631-636.
CHOTIKACHINDA, R.; TANTIKITTI1, C.; BENJAKUL, S.; RUSTAD, T.; KUMARNSIT, E. 2013 Production of protein hydrolysates from skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, viscera as feeding attractants for Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture Nutrition, 19(5): 773-784.
CONCEIÇÃO, L.E.C.; ARAGÃO, C.; RíËœNNESTAD, I. 2011 Proteins. In: HOLT, J. (ed.) Larval Fish
Nutrition. 1st. ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc. UK. pp: 83-116.
CONCEIÇÃO, L.E.C.; ARAGÃO, C.; DIAS, J.; COSTAS, B.; TEROVA, G.; MARTINS, C.; TORT, L. 2012 Dietary nitrogen and fish welfare. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(1): 119-141.
FURLAN, E.F.; OETTERER, M. 2002 Hidrolisado Proteico de Pescado. Revista de Ciência &
Tecnologia, 10(19): 79-89.
GILL, I.; LÓPEZ-FANDIí"˜O, R.; JORBA, X.; VULFSON, E.N. 1996 Biologically active peptides enzymatic
approaches to their production. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 18(3): 162-183.
GOLDENFARB, P.B.; BOWYER, F.P.; HALL, E. 1971 Reproducibility in the hematology laboratory:
the microhematocrit determination. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 56(1): 35-39.
HE, S.; FRANCO, C.; ZHANG, W. 2013 Functions, applications and production of protein hydrolysates from fish processing co-products (FPCP): Review. Food Research International,
50(1): 289-297.
HEVRíËœY, E.M.; ESPE, M.; WAAGB, O.R.; SANDNES, K.; RUUD, M.; HEMRE, G. 2005 Nutrient utilization in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed increased levels of fish protein hydrolysate during a period of fast growth. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11(4): 301-313.
IMBIRIBA, E.P. 2001 Potencial da criação de arapaima, Arapaima gigas, em cativeiro. Acta Amazônica, 31(2): 299-316.
ITUASSíÅ¡, D.R.; PEREIRA-FILHO, M.; ROUBACH, R.; CRESCíÅ NCIO, R.; CAVERO, B.A.S.; GANDRA, A.L. 2005 Níveis de proteína bruta para juvenis de pirarucu. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 40(3): 255-259.
KHOSRAVI, S.; BUI, H.T.D.; RAHIMNEJAD, S.; HERAULT, M.; FOURNIER, V.; KIM, S.S.; JEONG,
J.B.; LEE, K.J. 2015 Dietary supplementation of marine protein hydrolysates in fishmeal based
diets for red sea bream (Pagrus major) and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquaculture,
435(1): 371-376.
KOTZAMANIS, Y.P.; GISBERT, E.; GATESOUPE, F.J.; ZAMBONINO INFANTE, J.; CAHU, C. 2007
Effects of different dietary levels of fish protein hydrolysates on growth, digestive enzymes, gut
microbiota, and resistance to Vibrio anguillarum in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
larvae. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 147(1): 205-214.
KRISTINSSON H.G.; RASCO B.A. 2000 Fish protein hydrolysates: production, biochemical, and
functional properties. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 40(1): 43-81.
LATIF, S.; KUMAR, V.; STADTLANDER, T.; MAKKAR, H.P.S.; BECKER, K. 2016 Nutritional and biochemical studies on feeding of hydrolysed and unhydrolysed detoxified Jatropha curcas protein isolate in common carp fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 47(12): 3873-3887.
LEWANDOWSKI, V.; DE CARLI, J.A.; PEDRON, F.A.; FEIDEN, A.; SIGNOR, A.; BOSCOLO, W.R. 2013 Hidrolisados cárneos na alimentação do surubim do Iguaçu (Steindachneridion elanodermatum). Revista Brasileira de Ciência Veterinária, 20(4): 222-226.
LIMA, A.F.; RODRIGUES, A.P.O.; VARELA, E.S.; TORATI, L.S.; MACIEL, P.O. 2015 Pirarucu culture in the Brazilian Amazon: fledgling industry faces technological issues. Global Aquaculture Advocate, sep. 30: 4p. Available at: <https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/pirarucu-culture-in-the-brazilian-amazon/>Access on: 26 Oct. 2017. MACKIE, A.M.; ADRON, J.W. 1978 Identification of
inosine and inosine 5'-monophosphate as the gustatory feeding stimulants for the turbot,
Scophthalmus maximus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A, 60(1): 79-83.
MURRAY A.L.; PONALD J.; ALCORN S. W.; FAIRGRIEVE W. T.; SHEARER K.D.; ROLEY D. 2003 Effects of various feed supplements containing fish protein hydrolysate or fish processing by products on the innate immune functions of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Aquaculture, 220(1-4): 643-653.
NATT, M.P.; HERRICK, C.A. 1952 A new blood diluent for counting the erythrocytes and
leucocytes of the chicken. Poultry Science, 31(4): 735-738.
NRC í NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. 2011 Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. 392p.
NíÅ¡í"˜EZ, J.; CHU-KOO, F.; BERLAND, M.; ARÉVALO, L.; RIBEYRO, O.; DUPONCHELLE, F.; RENNO, J.F. 2011 Reproductive success and fry production of the paiche or arapaima, Arapaima gigas, in the region of Iquitos, Perú. Aquaculture Research, 42(6): 815-822.
OLIVA-TELES, A.; CERQUEIRA. A.L.; GONí"¡ALVES, P. 1999 The utilization of diets containing high
levels of fish protein hydrolysate by turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) juveniles. Aquaculture,
179(1-4): 195-201.
OLIVEIRA, E.G.; PINHEIRO, A.B.; OLIVEIRA, V.Q.; SILVA JíÅ¡NIOR, A.R.M.; MORAES, M.G.; ROCHA, Í.R.C.B.; SOUSA, R.R.; COSTA, F.H.F. 2012 Effects of stocking density on the performance of juvenile arapaima (Arapaima gigas) in cages. Aquaculture, 370-371: 96-101.
TANG, H.G.; WU, T.X.; ZHAO, Z.I.; PAN, X.D. 2008 Effects of fish protein hydrolysate on growth
performance and humoral immune response in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.).
Journal of Zhejiang University, 9(9): 684-690
VALLADÃO, G. M. R.; GALLANI, S. U.; PILARSKI, F. 2016 South American fish for continental
aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 0: 1-19. Doi: 10.1111/raq.12164
VELEZ, Z.; HUBBARD, P.C.; HARDEGE, J.D.; BARATA, E.N.; CANÁRIO, A.V.M. 2007 The contribution of amino acids to the odour of a prey species in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Aquaculture, 265(1-4): 336-342.
VERDOUW, H.; VAN ECHTED, C.J.A.; DEKKERS, E.M.J. 1978 Ammonia determination based on indophenol formation with sodium silicylate. Water Research, 12(6): 397-402.
WENDELAAR BONGA, S.E. 1997 The stress response in fish. Physiological Reviews, 77(3): 591-625.
WINTROBE, M.M. 1934 Variations on the size and hemoglobin content of erythrocytes in the
blood various vertebrates. Folia Haematologica, 51(1): 32-49.
14ª ed. AOAC, Washington, DC, USA. BARATA, E.N.; HUBERT, F.; CONCEIÇÃO, L.E.C.; VELEZ, Z.; REMA, P.; HUBBARD, P.C.; CANARIO, A.V.M. 2009 Prey odour enhances swimming activity and feed intake in the Senegalese sole. Aquaculture, 293(1-2): 100-107.
BLAXHALL, P.C. 1972 The haematological assessment of the health of freshwater fish. A review of selected literature. Journal of Fish Biology, 4(4): 593-604.
BLAXHALL, P.C.; DAISLEY, K.W. 1973 Routine hematological methods for use with fish blood.
Journal of Fish Biology, 5(6): 771-781.
BOYD, C.E.; TUCKER, C.S. 1992 Water quality and pond soil. Analyses for aquaculture. Auburn
University. Auburn. Alabama. 183pp.
BUI, H.T.D.; KHOSRAVI, S.; FOURNIER, V.; HERAULT, M.; LEE, K.J. 2014 Growth performance, feed utilization, innate immunity, digestibility and disease resistance of juvenile red seabream (Pagrus major) fed diets supplemented with protein hydrolysates. Aquaculture, 418-419: 11-16.
CAHU, C.L.; ZAMBONINO INFANTE, J.L. 2001 Substitution of live food by formulated diets in marine fish larvae. Aquaculture, 200(1-2): 161-180.
CAVERO, B.A.S.; PEREIRA-FILHO, M.; ROUBACH, R.; ITUASSíÅ¡, D.R.; GANDRA, A.L.;
CRESCíÅ NCIO, R. 2003 Efeitos da densidade de estocagem sobre eficiência alimentar de juvenis
de arapaima (Arapaima gigas) em ambiente confinado. Acta Amazonica, 34(4): 631-636.
CHOTIKACHINDA, R.; TANTIKITTI1, C.; BENJAKUL, S.; RUSTAD, T.; KUMARNSIT, E. 2013 Production of protein hydrolysates from skipjack tuna, Katsuwonus pelamis, viscera as feeding attractants for Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer. Aquaculture Nutrition, 19(5): 773-784.
CONCEIÇÃO, L.E.C.; ARAGÃO, C.; RíËœNNESTAD, I. 2011 Proteins. In: HOLT, J. (ed.) Larval Fish
Nutrition. 1st. ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc. UK. pp: 83-116.
CONCEIÇÃO, L.E.C.; ARAGÃO, C.; DIAS, J.; COSTAS, B.; TEROVA, G.; MARTINS, C.; TORT, L. 2012 Dietary nitrogen and fish welfare. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 38(1): 119-141.
FURLAN, E.F.; OETTERER, M. 2002 Hidrolisado Proteico de Pescado. Revista de Ciência &
Tecnologia, 10(19): 79-89.
GILL, I.; LÓPEZ-FANDIí"˜O, R.; JORBA, X.; VULFSON, E.N. 1996 Biologically active peptides enzymatic
approaches to their production. Enzyme and Microbial Technology, 18(3): 162-183.
GOLDENFARB, P.B.; BOWYER, F.P.; HALL, E. 1971 Reproducibility in the hematology laboratory:
the microhematocrit determination. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 56(1): 35-39.
HE, S.; FRANCO, C.; ZHANG, W. 2013 Functions, applications and production of protein hydrolysates from fish processing co-products (FPCP): Review. Food Research International,
50(1): 289-297.
HEVRíËœY, E.M.; ESPE, M.; WAAGB, O.R.; SANDNES, K.; RUUD, M.; HEMRE, G. 2005 Nutrient utilization in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) fed increased levels of fish protein hydrolysate during a period of fast growth. Aquaculture Nutrition, 11(4): 301-313.
IMBIRIBA, E.P. 2001 Potencial da criação de arapaima, Arapaima gigas, em cativeiro. Acta Amazônica, 31(2): 299-316.
ITUASSíÅ¡, D.R.; PEREIRA-FILHO, M.; ROUBACH, R.; CRESCíÅ NCIO, R.; CAVERO, B.A.S.; GANDRA, A.L. 2005 Níveis de proteína bruta para juvenis de pirarucu. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 40(3): 255-259.
KHOSRAVI, S.; BUI, H.T.D.; RAHIMNEJAD, S.; HERAULT, M.; FOURNIER, V.; KIM, S.S.; JEONG,
J.B.; LEE, K.J. 2015 Dietary supplementation of marine protein hydrolysates in fishmeal based
diets for red sea bream (Pagrus major) and olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Aquaculture,
435(1): 371-376.
KOTZAMANIS, Y.P.; GISBERT, E.; GATESOUPE, F.J.; ZAMBONINO INFANTE, J.; CAHU, C. 2007
Effects of different dietary levels of fish protein hydrolysates on growth, digestive enzymes, gut
microbiota, and resistance to Vibrio anguillarum in European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax)
larvae. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, 147(1): 205-214.
KRISTINSSON H.G.; RASCO B.A. 2000 Fish protein hydrolysates: production, biochemical, and
functional properties. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 40(1): 43-81.
LATIF, S.; KUMAR, V.; STADTLANDER, T.; MAKKAR, H.P.S.; BECKER, K. 2016 Nutritional and biochemical studies on feeding of hydrolysed and unhydrolysed detoxified Jatropha curcas protein isolate in common carp fingerlings. Aquaculture Research, 47(12): 3873-3887.
LEWANDOWSKI, V.; DE CARLI, J.A.; PEDRON, F.A.; FEIDEN, A.; SIGNOR, A.; BOSCOLO, W.R. 2013 Hidrolisados cárneos na alimentação do surubim do Iguaçu (Steindachneridion elanodermatum). Revista Brasileira de Ciência Veterinária, 20(4): 222-226.
LIMA, A.F.; RODRIGUES, A.P.O.; VARELA, E.S.; TORATI, L.S.; MACIEL, P.O. 2015 Pirarucu culture in the Brazilian Amazon: fledgling industry faces technological issues. Global Aquaculture Advocate, sep. 30: 4p. Available at: <https://www.aquaculturealliance.org/advocate/pirarucu-culture-in-the-brazilian-amazon/>Access on: 26 Oct. 2017. MACKIE, A.M.; ADRON, J.W. 1978 Identification of
inosine and inosine 5'-monophosphate as the gustatory feeding stimulants for the turbot,
Scophthalmus maximus. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A, 60(1): 79-83.
MURRAY A.L.; PONALD J.; ALCORN S. W.; FAIRGRIEVE W. T.; SHEARER K.D.; ROLEY D. 2003 Effects of various feed supplements containing fish protein hydrolysate or fish processing by products on the innate immune functions of juvenile coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch). Aquaculture, 220(1-4): 643-653.
NATT, M.P.; HERRICK, C.A. 1952 A new blood diluent for counting the erythrocytes and
leucocytes of the chicken. Poultry Science, 31(4): 735-738.
NRC í NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL. 2011 Nutrient Requirements of Fish and Shrimp. The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C. 392p.
NíÅ¡í"˜EZ, J.; CHU-KOO, F.; BERLAND, M.; ARÉVALO, L.; RIBEYRO, O.; DUPONCHELLE, F.; RENNO, J.F. 2011 Reproductive success and fry production of the paiche or arapaima, Arapaima gigas, in the region of Iquitos, Perú. Aquaculture Research, 42(6): 815-822.
OLIVA-TELES, A.; CERQUEIRA. A.L.; GONí"¡ALVES, P. 1999 The utilization of diets containing high
levels of fish protein hydrolysate by turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) juveniles. Aquaculture,
179(1-4): 195-201.
OLIVEIRA, E.G.; PINHEIRO, A.B.; OLIVEIRA, V.Q.; SILVA JíÅ¡NIOR, A.R.M.; MORAES, M.G.; ROCHA, Í.R.C.B.; SOUSA, R.R.; COSTA, F.H.F. 2012 Effects of stocking density on the performance of juvenile arapaima (Arapaima gigas) in cages. Aquaculture, 370-371: 96-101.
TANG, H.G.; WU, T.X.; ZHAO, Z.I.; PAN, X.D. 2008 Effects of fish protein hydrolysate on growth
performance and humoral immune response in large yellow croaker (Pseudosciaena crocea R.).
Journal of Zhejiang University, 9(9): 684-690
VALLADÃO, G. M. R.; GALLANI, S. U.; PILARSKI, F. 2016 South American fish for continental
aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 0: 1-19. Doi: 10.1111/raq.12164
VELEZ, Z.; HUBBARD, P.C.; HARDEGE, J.D.; BARATA, E.N.; CANÁRIO, A.V.M. 2007 The contribution of amino acids to the odour of a prey species in the Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis). Aquaculture, 265(1-4): 336-342.
VERDOUW, H.; VAN ECHTED, C.J.A.; DEKKERS, E.M.J. 1978 Ammonia determination based on indophenol formation with sodium silicylate. Water Research, 12(6): 397-402.
WENDELAAR BONGA, S.E. 1997 The stress response in fish. Physiological Reviews, 77(3): 591-625.
WINTROBE, M.M. 1934 Variations on the size and hemoglobin content of erythrocytes in the
blood various vertebrates. Folia Haematologica, 51(1): 32-49.
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