Aeromonas caviae during mortality on nile tilapia and supplementation with vitamin c in the diet
Keywords:
Oreochromis niloticus, infection, Aeromonas caviae, mortality, vitamin CAbstract
High mortality in cage-cultured Nile tilapia at Três Irmãos Reservoir, State of São Paulo, was evaluated. In a 52 day period, 1,245 fish died, with higher mortality between 23 and 34 days after the first clinical signs. Fish appeared healthy, but died after fed. Water analysis showed normal values, and was not related to mortality. The liver was pale and parasitological exam showed low number of Protozoa and Monogenoidea on body surface and gills. The isolates from the liver and kidney revealed the presence of Aeromonas caviae. After 10 days of supplementation with 1,000 mg of vitamin C/kg dry ration, the mortality reduced 58%. The raising of fish in intensive system and the low level of vitamin C in which the fish had been fed probably increased the susceptibility to bacteria and mortality, allied to inadequate handling. It is suggested vitamin supplementation for tilapia reared in intensive systems.
References
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RALL, V.L.M.; IARIA, S.T.; HEIDTMANN, S.;PIMENTA, F.C.; GAMBA, R.C.; PEDROSO, D.M.M.1998 Aeromonas species isolated from pintado fish (Pseudoplatystoma sp.): virulence factors and drug susceptibility. Revista de Microbiologia, São Paulo,
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SOLIMAN, A.K.; JAUNCEY, K.; ROBERTS, R.J. 1994 Water-soluble vitamin requirements of tilapia: ascorbic acid (vitamin C) requirement of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Thailand, 25: 269-278.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MARTINS, M.L.; MORAES, F.R. 2001 Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de "pesque-pague†do município de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil I Protozoários. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 18: 67-79.
TENDENCIA, E.A. 2002 Vibrio harveyi isolated from cage-cultured seabass Lates calcarifer Bloch in the Philippines. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 33:455-458.
TORANZO, A.E.; BARJA, A.M.; ROMALDE, J.L.;HETRICK, F.M. 1989 Association of Aeromonas sobria with mortalities of adult gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum Lesuer. Journal of Fish Diseases, Oxford, 12: 439í 448.
TORANZO, A.E.; NOVOA, B.; ROMALDE, J.L.;NUí"˜EZ, S.; DEVESA, S.; MARIí"˜O, E.; SILVA, R.; MARTÍNEZ, E.; FIGUERAS, A.; BARJA, J.L. 1993 Microflora associated with healthy and diseased turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) from three farms in northwest Spain. Aquaculture, Amsterdan,114: 189-202.
VENTURA, M.T. e GRIZZLE, J.M. 1987 Evaluation of portals of entry of Aeromonas hydrophila in channel catfish. Aquaculture, Amsterdan, 65: 205-214.
VERLHAC, V. e GABAUDAN, J. 1994 Influence of vitamin C on the immune system of salmonids.Aquaculture and Fisheries Management,Thailand, Thailand,25: 21-36.
AGGER, W.A.; McCORMICK, J.D.; GURWITH, M.J.1985 Clinical and microbiological features of Aeromonas hydrophila-associated diarrhea. Journal of Clinical Microbiology, Washington, 21: 909-913.
ANBARASU, K e CHANDRAN, M.R. 2001 Effect of ascorbic acid on the immune response of the catfish, Mystus gulio (Hamilton), to different bacterins of Aeromonas hydrophila. Fish and Shellfish Immunology, Aberdeen, 11: 347-355.
AOKI, T. 1999 Motile aeromonads (Aeromonas hydrophila). In: WOO, P.T.K.; BRUNO, D.W. (Ed.) In: WOO, P.T.K.; BRUNO, D.W. (Ed.) Fish diseases and disorders. Oxon: CABI Publ., v.3: Viral, bacterial and fungal infections, cap.11,p.247-453.
AUSTIN, B. e AUSTIN, D.A. 1999 Bacterial Fish Pathogens, 3th edn. Chichester, UK: SpringerPraxis, 364p.
AZAD, I.S.; RAJENDRAN, K.V.; RAJAN, J.J.S.; VIJAYAN, K.K.; SANTIAGO, T.C. 2001 Virulence and histopathology of Aeromonas hydrophila (Sah 93) in experimentally infected tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Journal of Aquaculture in the Tropics,
Calcutta, 16(3): 265-275.
CANDAN, A.; KUCU KER, M.A.; KARATAS, S. 1995 Motile aeromonad septicemia in Salmo salar cultured in the black sea in Turkey. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, Parma,15: 195í 196.
COSTA, A.B. 1998 Ictiopatologia e manejo sanitário em piscicultura intensiva. In: SIMPÓSIO SOBRE MANEJO E NUTRIÇÃO DE PEIXES, 2., Campinas,1998. Anais... Campinas: CBNA. p.73-96.
GHIRALDELLI, L.; MARTINS, M.L.; JERÔNIMO, G.T.; YAMASHITA, M.M.; ADAMANTE, W.B. 2006 Ectoparasites communities from Oreochromis niloticus cultivated in the State of Santa Catarina, Brazil. Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences,USA, 1(2): 181-190.
HAVELAAR, A.H. e VONK, M. 1988 The preparation of ampicillin dextrin agar for the enumeration of Aeromonas in water. Letters in Applied Microbiology,Washington, 7: 169-171.
HOLLIMAN, A. 1993 The veterinary approach to trout. In: BROWN. L. (Ed.). Aquaculture for veterinarians: fish husbandry and medicine. Oxford: Pergamon Press, cap.14., p.223-247.
HUDSON, J.A. e LACY, K.M. 1991 Incidence of motile aeromonads in New Zealand retail foods. Journal of Food Protection, Iowa, 54: 696-699.
KATOCH, R.C.; SHARMA, M.; VERMA, S.; DHAR, P. 2001 Bacterial pathogens of carps and other fish in Himachal Pradesh. Indian Veterinary Journal,Madras, 78: 984-986.
LI. Y. e LOVELL, R.T. 1985 Elevated levels of dietary ascorbic acid increase immune response in channel catfish. Journal of Nutrition, Philadelphia, 115:123 -131.
MAJEED, K.N.; EGAN, A.F.; Mac RAE, I.C. 1990 Production of exotoxins by Aeromonas spp. at 5o C. Journal of Applied Bacteriology, Oxford, 69:332-337.
MARTINS, M.L.; ONAKA, E.M.; MORAES, F.R.;BOZZO F.R.; PAIVA, A.M.F.C.;GONí"¡ALVES, A. A. 2002 Recent studies on parasitic infections of freshwater cultivated fish in the State of São Paulo,Brazil. Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, 24(4): 981-985.
NEVES, M.S.; NUNES, M.P.; RICCIARDI, I.D. 1990 Incidence of motile Aeromonas species in aquatic environments of Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. Journal of Food Protection, Iowa, 53: 78-80.
OGARA, W.O.; MBUTHIA, P.G.; KABURIA, H.F.A.;SíËœRUM, H.; KAGUNYA, D.K.; NDUTHU, D.I.;COLQUHOUN, D. 1998 Motile aeromonads associated with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) mortality in Kenya. Bulletin of the European Association of Fish Pathologists, Parma, 18: 7í 9.
PALUMBO, S.A.; MAXINO, F.; WILLIAMS, A.C.;BUCHANAN, R.L.; THAí-ER, D.W. 1985 Starchampicillin agar for the quantitative detection of Aeromonas hydrophila. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, Washington, 50: 1027-1030.
PLUMB, J.A 1994 Health maintenance of cultured fishes.CRC Press, Boca Raton, Florida, 254p.
POPOFF, M. 1984 Genus III. Aeromonas Kluyver and Aeromonas Kluyver and Van Niel. p. 545-548. In: N.R. DRIEG (ed.), Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 1, WILLIAMS and WILKINS, Baltimore.
POPOFF, M.; VERON, M. 1976 A taxonomic study of the Aeromonas hydrophila-Aeromonas punctata group. Journal of General Microbiology, New York,94: 11-22.
RALL, V.L.M.; IARIA, S.T.; HEIDTMANN, S.;PIMENTA, F.C.; GAMBA, R.C.; PEDROSO, D.M.M.1998 Aeromonas species isolated from pintado fish (Pseudoplatystoma sp.): virulence factors and drug susceptibility. Revista de Microbiologia, São Paulo,
29: 222-227.
REHULKA, J. 2002 Aeromonas causes severe skin lesions in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss):clinical pathology, haematology and biochemistry.
Acta Veterinaria Brno, Brno, 71: 351-360.
SOLIMAN, A.K.; JAUNCEY, K.; ROBERTS, R.J. 1994 Water-soluble vitamin requirements of tilapia: ascorbic acid (vitamin C) requirement of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (L.). Aquaculture and Fisheries Management, Thailand, 25: 269-278.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MARTINS, M.L.; MORAES, F.R. 2001 Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de "pesque-pague†do município de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil I Protozoários. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 18: 67-79.
TENDENCIA, E.A. 2002 Vibrio harveyi isolated from cage-cultured seabass Lates calcarifer Bloch in the Philippines. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 33:455-458.
TORANZO, A.E.; BARJA, A.M.; ROMALDE, J.L.;HETRICK, F.M. 1989 Association of Aeromonas sobria with mortalities of adult gizzard shad, Dorosoma cepedianum Lesuer. Journal of Fish Diseases, Oxford, 12: 439í 448.
TORANZO, A.E.; NOVOA, B.; ROMALDE, J.L.;NUí"˜EZ, S.; DEVESA, S.; MARIí"˜O, E.; SILVA, R.; MARTÍNEZ, E.; FIGUERAS, A.; BARJA, J.L. 1993 Microflora associated with healthy and diseased turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) from three farms in northwest Spain. Aquaculture, Amsterdan,114: 189-202.
VENTURA, M.T. e GRIZZLE, J.M. 1987 Evaluation of portals of entry of Aeromonas hydrophila in channel catfish. Aquaculture, Amsterdan, 65: 205-214.
VERLHAC, V. e GABAUDAN, J. 1994 Influence of vitamin C on the immune system of salmonids.Aquaculture and Fisheries Management,Thailand, Thailand,25: 21-36.
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2018-11-04
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