Larvicultura do betta em água levemente salinizada
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017v43n2p164Palavras-chave:
alimento vivo, larvicultura intensiva, salinidade, toxicidade, peixe ornamentalResumo
A água levemente salinizada melhora o aproveitamento do alimento vivo durante a larvicultura, principalmente quando as larvas são alimentadas com organismos de água salgada. Este estudo objetivou determinar a concentração letal (CL50) de NaCl na água para larvas de Betta splendens, uma importante espécie ornamental, e avaliar os efeitos de salinidades baixas na larvicultura durante os primeiros 15 dias de alimentação exógena. No primeiro experimento, 400 larvas foram estocadas em 40 aquários (250 mL) e expostas a dez concentrações salinas. No segundo experimento, 360 larvas foram distribuídas em 24 aquários de 1 L (15 larvas x aquário-1), em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, com duas densidades crescentes de presas, começando com 50 e 100 náuplios de Artemia x larva-1, e três concentrações salinas (0, 2 e 4 g NaCl L-1). Após 24, 48, 72 e 96 h de exposição, a CL50 foi de 11,7; 10,1; 8,2 e 7,1 g NaCl L-1 respectivamente. No final do experimento 2, as larvas mantidas nas salinidades de 2 e 4 g NaCl L-1 e alimentadas na densidade inicial de 100 náuplios x larva-1 apresentaram crescimento superior. O uso da água levemente salinizada (2 a 4 g NaCl L-1) é um protocolo seguro para a larvicultura de B. splendens, pois não afeta a sobrevivência das larvas e otimiza o uso dos náuplios de Artemia quando densidades elevadas de presas são utilizadas.
Referências
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BARBIERI, E.; BONDIOLI, A. C. V.; MELO, C. B.;HENRIQUES, M. H. 2014 Effects of low salinity
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BORODE, A.O.; BALOGUM, A.M.; OMOYENI,B.A. 2002 Effect of salinity on embryonic development, hatchability, and growth of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, eggs and larvae. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 12(4):89-93.
CHAPMAN, F.A.; FITZ-COY, S.A.; THUMBERG,E.M.; ADAMS, C.M. 1997 United States of America trade in ornamental fish. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 28(1): 1-10.
ESTUDILLO, C.B.; DURAY, M.N.; MARASIGAN,E.T.; EMATA, A.C. 2000 Salinity tolerance of larvae of the mangrove red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) during ontogeny. Aquaculture,190(1-2): 155-167.
FOSSE, P.J.; MATTOS, D.C.; CARDOSO, L.D.;MOTTA, J.H.S.; JASPER, A.P.S.; RADAEL, M.C.; ANDRADE, D.R.; VIDAL-JíÅ¡NIOR, M.V. 2013 Estratégia de coalimentação na sobrevivência e no crescimento de larvas de Betta splendens durante a transição alimentar. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia,65(6): 1801-1807.
GARCIA, L.O.; BECKER, A.G.; COPATTI, C.E.;BALDISSEROTTO, B.; NETO, J.R. 2007 Salt in the food and water as a supportive therapy for Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infestation on silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, fingerlings. Journal of World Aquaculture Society, 38(1): 1-11.
HALACHMI, I. 2006 Systems engineering for ornamental fish production in a recirculating aquaculture system. Aquaculture, 259(1-4):300-314.
HALLER, J.; WITTENBERGER, C. 1987 Biochemical energetic of hierarchy formation in Betta
splendens. Physiology and Behavior, 43(4): 447-450.
HAMILTON, M.A.; RUSSO, R.C.; THURSON,R.V. 1997 Trimmed Spearmaní Karber method for estimating median-lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environmental Science Technology, 11(7): 714-719.
JOMORI, R.K.; LUZ, R.K.; PORTELLA, M.C. 2012 Effect of salinity on larval rearing of pacu,Piaractus mesopotamicus, a freshwater species. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 43(3):423-432.
JOMORI, R.K.; LUZ, R.K.; TAKATA, R.; FABREGAT,T.E.H.P.; PORTELLA, M.C. 2013 Água levemente
salinizada aumenta a eficiência da larvicultura de peixes neotropicais. Pesquisa Agropecuária
Brasileira, 48(8): 809-815.
LUZ, R.K.; SANTOS, J.C.E. 2010 Effect of salt addition and feeding frequency on cascudo preto Rhinelepis aspera (Pisces: Loricariidae)larviculture. Journal of Applied Ichthyology,26(3): 453-455.
LUZ, R.K.; SILVA, W.S.; MELILLO-FILHO, R.; SANTOS, A.E.H.; RODRIGUES, L.A.; TAKATA,R.; ALVARENGA, É.R.; TURRA, E.M. 2012 Stocking density in the larviculture of Nile tilapia in saline water. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(12): 2385-2389.
NG, W.J.; KHO, K.; HO, L.M.; ONG, S.L.; SIM, T.S.;TAY, S.H.; GOH, C.C.; CHEONG, L. 1992 Water
quality within a recirculation system for tropical ornamental fish culture. Aquaculture, 103(2):
123-134.
OGATA, Y.; KUROKURA, H. 2012 Use of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus angularis as the first food for larvae of the Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens. Fisheries Science, 78(1): 109-112.
PELICICE, F.M.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2005 Perspectives on ornamental fisheries in the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. Fisheries Research, 72(1): 109-119.
PFEILER, E. 1981 Salinity tolerance of leptocephalous larvae and juveniles of the bonefish (Albulidae: Albula) from the Gulf of California. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,52(1): 37-45.
PORTELLA, M.C.; DABROWSKI, K. Diets. 2008,physiology, biochemistry and digestive tract
development of freshwater fish larvae. In:CYRINO, J.E.P.; BUREAU, D.P.; KAPOOR,B.G. Feeding and digestive functions of fishes.Science Publishers, New Hampshire. p. 227-279.
PORTELLA, M.C.; JOMORI, R.K.; LEITÃO, N.J.;MENOSSI, O.C.C.; FREITAS, T.M.; KOJIMA,J.T.; LOPES, T.S.; CLAVIJO-AYALA, J.A.;CARNEIRO, D.J. 2014 Larval development of indigenous South American freshwater fish species, with particular reference to pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus): A review.
Aquaculture, 432(1): 402-417.
PUELLO-CRUZ, A.C.; VELASCO-BLANCO, G.;MARTÍNEZ-RODRÍGUEZ, I.E. 2010 Growth and survival of Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, larvae at low salinity and with different diets. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41(5): 823-828.
RAGHAVAN, R.; DAHANUKAR, N.; TLUSTY, M.F.; RHYNE, A.L.; KUMAR, K.K.; MOLUR,S.; ROSSER, A.M. 2013 Uncovering an obscure trade: Threatened freshwater fishes and the aquarium pet markets. Biological Conservation,164(1): 158í 169.
ROY, P.E.; YANONG, V.M.D. 1996 Reproductive management of freshwater ornamental fish.
Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine, 5(4):222-235.
SALARO, A.L.; CAMPELO, D.A.V.; PONTES, M.D.;TAVARES, M.M.; ZUANON, J.A.S.; LUZ, R.K.2012 Saline water for juvenile giant traira during feed training. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(6):
1342-1345.
SAMPAIO, F.D.F.; OSTRENSKY, A. 2013 Brazilian environmental legislation as tool to conserve
marine ornamental fish. Marine Policy, 42(1):280í 285.
SANTOS, J.C.E.; LUZ, R.K. 2009 Effect of salinity and prey concentrations on Pseudoplatystoma
corruscans, Prochilodus costatus and Lophiosilurus alexandri larviculture. Aquaculture, 287(3-4):
324í 328.
THONGPRAJUKAEW, K.; KOVITVADHI, U.; KOVITVADHI, S.; SOMSUEB, P.; RUNGRUANGSAK-TORRISEN, K. 2011 Effects of different modified diets on growth, digestive enzyme activities and muscle compositions in juvenile Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910). Aquaculture, 322-323(1): 1-9.
TLUSTY, M. 2002 The benefits and risks of aquacultural production for the aquarium trade.
Aquaculture, 205(3-4): 203-219.
VARSAMOS, S.; NEBEL, C.; CHARMANTIER,G. 2005 Ontogeny of osmoregulation in postembryonic fish: A review. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 141(4): 401-429.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; ASSANO, M.; FERNANDES, J.B.K.2004 Desempenho de tricogaster (Trichogaster
trichopterus) submetido a diferentes níveis de arraçoamento e densidades de estocagem.Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 33(6): 1639-1645.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; FURUYA, W.M.2011 Produção e nutrição de peixes ornamentais.
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(1): 165-174.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; VERAS, G.C.;TAVARES, M.M.; CHAVES, W. 2009 Tolerí¢ncia aguda e crônica de adultos de beta, Betta splendens, í salinidade da água. Revista Brasileira
de Zootecnia, 38(11): 2106-2110.
absorption efficiency by juveniles euryhaline and freshwater stenohaline fishes. Journal of
Fish Biology, 59(5): 1142-1152.
ANJOS, H.D.B.; AMORIM, R.M.S.; SIQUEIRA, J.A.; ANJOS, C.R. 2009 Exportação de peixes
ornamentais do estado do Amazonas, Bacia Amazônica, Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca,
35(2): 259-274.
BARBIERI, E.; BONDIOLI, A. C. V.; MELO, C. B.;HENRIQUES, M. H. 2014 Effects of low salinity
on juvenile pink shrimp (Perez-Farfante 1967,Crustacea). Marine and Freshwater Behaviour
and Physiology, 47(4): 273-283.
BORODE, A.O.; BALOGUM, A.M.; OMOYENI,B.A. 2002 Effect of salinity on embryonic development, hatchability, and growth of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, eggs and larvae. Journal of Applied Aquaculture, 12(4):89-93.
CHAPMAN, F.A.; FITZ-COY, S.A.; THUMBERG,E.M.; ADAMS, C.M. 1997 United States of America trade in ornamental fish. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 28(1): 1-10.
ESTUDILLO, C.B.; DURAY, M.N.; MARASIGAN,E.T.; EMATA, A.C. 2000 Salinity tolerance of larvae of the mangrove red snapper (Lutjanus argentimaculatus) during ontogeny. Aquaculture,190(1-2): 155-167.
FOSSE, P.J.; MATTOS, D.C.; CARDOSO, L.D.;MOTTA, J.H.S.; JASPER, A.P.S.; RADAEL, M.C.; ANDRADE, D.R.; VIDAL-JíÅ¡NIOR, M.V. 2013 Estratégia de coalimentação na sobrevivência e no crescimento de larvas de Betta splendens durante a transição alimentar. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia,65(6): 1801-1807.
GARCIA, L.O.; BECKER, A.G.; COPATTI, C.E.;BALDISSEROTTO, B.; NETO, J.R. 2007 Salt in the food and water as a supportive therapy for Ichthyophthirius multifiliis infestation on silver catfish, Rhamdia quelen, fingerlings. Journal of World Aquaculture Society, 38(1): 1-11.
HALACHMI, I. 2006 Systems engineering for ornamental fish production in a recirculating aquaculture system. Aquaculture, 259(1-4):300-314.
HALLER, J.; WITTENBERGER, C. 1987 Biochemical energetic of hierarchy formation in Betta
splendens. Physiology and Behavior, 43(4): 447-450.
HAMILTON, M.A.; RUSSO, R.C.; THURSON,R.V. 1997 Trimmed Spearmaní Karber method for estimating median-lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environmental Science Technology, 11(7): 714-719.
JOMORI, R.K.; LUZ, R.K.; PORTELLA, M.C. 2012 Effect of salinity on larval rearing of pacu,Piaractus mesopotamicus, a freshwater species. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 43(3):423-432.
JOMORI, R.K.; LUZ, R.K.; TAKATA, R.; FABREGAT,T.E.H.P.; PORTELLA, M.C. 2013 Água levemente
salinizada aumenta a eficiência da larvicultura de peixes neotropicais. Pesquisa Agropecuária
Brasileira, 48(8): 809-815.
LUZ, R.K.; SANTOS, J.C.E. 2010 Effect of salt addition and feeding frequency on cascudo preto Rhinelepis aspera (Pisces: Loricariidae)larviculture. Journal of Applied Ichthyology,26(3): 453-455.
LUZ, R.K.; SILVA, W.S.; MELILLO-FILHO, R.; SANTOS, A.E.H.; RODRIGUES, L.A.; TAKATA,R.; ALVARENGA, É.R.; TURRA, E.M. 2012 Stocking density in the larviculture of Nile tilapia in saline water. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(12): 2385-2389.
NG, W.J.; KHO, K.; HO, L.M.; ONG, S.L.; SIM, T.S.;TAY, S.H.; GOH, C.C.; CHEONG, L. 1992 Water
quality within a recirculation system for tropical ornamental fish culture. Aquaculture, 103(2):
123-134.
OGATA, Y.; KUROKURA, H. 2012 Use of the freshwater rotifer Brachionus angularis as the first food for larvae of the Siamese fighting fish Betta splendens. Fisheries Science, 78(1): 109-112.
PELICICE, F.M.; AGOSTINHO, A.A. 2005 Perspectives on ornamental fisheries in the upper Paraná River floodplain, Brazil. Fisheries Research, 72(1): 109-119.
PFEILER, E. 1981 Salinity tolerance of leptocephalous larvae and juveniles of the bonefish (Albulidae: Albula) from the Gulf of California. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,52(1): 37-45.
PORTELLA, M.C.; DABROWSKI, K. Diets. 2008,physiology, biochemistry and digestive tract
development of freshwater fish larvae. In:CYRINO, J.E.P.; BUREAU, D.P.; KAPOOR,B.G. Feeding and digestive functions of fishes.Science Publishers, New Hampshire. p. 227-279.
PORTELLA, M.C.; JOMORI, R.K.; LEITÃO, N.J.;MENOSSI, O.C.C.; FREITAS, T.M.; KOJIMA,J.T.; LOPES, T.S.; CLAVIJO-AYALA, J.A.;CARNEIRO, D.J. 2014 Larval development of indigenous South American freshwater fish species, with particular reference to pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus): A review.
Aquaculture, 432(1): 402-417.
PUELLO-CRUZ, A.C.; VELASCO-BLANCO, G.;MARTÍNEZ-RODRÍGUEZ, I.E. 2010 Growth and survival of Siamese fighting fish, Betta splendens, larvae at low salinity and with different diets. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, 41(5): 823-828.
RAGHAVAN, R.; DAHANUKAR, N.; TLUSTY, M.F.; RHYNE, A.L.; KUMAR, K.K.; MOLUR,S.; ROSSER, A.M. 2013 Uncovering an obscure trade: Threatened freshwater fishes and the aquarium pet markets. Biological Conservation,164(1): 158í 169.
ROY, P.E.; YANONG, V.M.D. 1996 Reproductive management of freshwater ornamental fish.
Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine, 5(4):222-235.
SALARO, A.L.; CAMPELO, D.A.V.; PONTES, M.D.;TAVARES, M.M.; ZUANON, J.A.S.; LUZ, R.K.2012 Saline water for juvenile giant traira during feed training. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 41(6):
1342-1345.
SAMPAIO, F.D.F.; OSTRENSKY, A. 2013 Brazilian environmental legislation as tool to conserve
marine ornamental fish. Marine Policy, 42(1):280í 285.
SANTOS, J.C.E.; LUZ, R.K. 2009 Effect of salinity and prey concentrations on Pseudoplatystoma
corruscans, Prochilodus costatus and Lophiosilurus alexandri larviculture. Aquaculture, 287(3-4):
324í 328.
THONGPRAJUKAEW, K.; KOVITVADHI, U.; KOVITVADHI, S.; SOMSUEB, P.; RUNGRUANGSAK-TORRISEN, K. 2011 Effects of different modified diets on growth, digestive enzyme activities and muscle compositions in juvenile Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910). Aquaculture, 322-323(1): 1-9.
TLUSTY, M. 2002 The benefits and risks of aquacultural production for the aquarium trade.
Aquaculture, 205(3-4): 203-219.
VARSAMOS, S.; NEBEL, C.; CHARMANTIER,G. 2005 Ontogeny of osmoregulation in postembryonic fish: A review. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, Part A 141(4): 401-429.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; ASSANO, M.; FERNANDES, J.B.K.2004 Desempenho de tricogaster (Trichogaster
trichopterus) submetido a diferentes níveis de arraçoamento e densidades de estocagem.Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 33(6): 1639-1645.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; FURUYA, W.M.2011 Produção e nutrição de peixes ornamentais.
Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 40(1): 165-174.
ZUANON, J.A.S.; SALARO, A.L.; VERAS, G.C.;TAVARES, M.M.; CHAVES, W. 2009 Tolerí¢ncia aguda e crônica de adultos de beta, Betta splendens, í salinidade da água. Revista Brasileira
de Zootecnia, 38(11): 2106-2110.
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2017-06-15
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Artigo científico
