Padrões de distribuição e influência de variáveis ambientais nas assembleias de peixes em um rio amazônico neotropical
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2026.52.e986Palavras-chave:
Bacia amazônica, Pulso de inundação, Período hidrológico, Gradiente longitudinal, Rio contínuoResumo
Com base nos conceitos do rio continuum e pulso de inundação, este estudo investigou os efeitos sazonais, espaciais e limnológicos na distribuição das assembleias de peixes ao longo do rio São Miguel, Bacia Amazônica, Brasil. Peixes foram amostrados e variáveis ambientais medidas durante os períodos de águas altas e baixas nos trechos alto, médio e baixo do rio. Os resultados revelaram efeitos espaciais e sazonais significativos, bem como interações entre gradientes espaciais e temporais, o que causa diferenças significativas na composição da assembleia. Esses padrões foram associados a variações nos parâmetros limnológicos ao longo de um gradiente longitudinal. A distribuição e a rotatividade das espécies foram moldadas tanto pelo pulso de inundação quanto pelo gradiente espacial, processos que impulsionam mudanças ambientais e influenciam a dinâmica dos recursos tróficos – fatores-chave para a ocorrência das espécies. No geral, nossos resultados indicam que a estrutura das assembleias de peixes no rio São Miguel é moldada pela variação hidrológica, destacando o pulso de inundação como o principal fator regulador da composição taxonômica da ictiofauna.
Referências
Affonso, A. G., Queiroz, H. L., & Novo, E. M. L. M. (2015). Abiotic variability among different aquatic systems of the central Amazon floodplain during drought and flood events. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 75(4 Suppl. 1), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.04214
Altermatt, F., & Fronhofer, E. A. (2018). Dispersal in dendritic networks: Ecological consequences on the spatial distribution of population densities. Freshwater Biology, 63(1), 22-32. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.12951
Andrade, F. S., Possamai, B., Freitas, C. E. C., Batista, J. S., Hoeinghaus, D. J., Clements, L., & Siqueira-Souza, F. K. (2024). Niche partitioning and seasonality may mediate coexistence of piranha species in Amazonian floodplain lakes. Hydrobiologia, 851(18), 4325-4340. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-024-05536-z
Arantes, C. C., Winemiller, K. O., Petrere, M., Castello, L., Hess, L. L., & Freitas, C. E. C. 2018. Relationships between forest cover and fish diversity in the Amazon River floodplain. Journal of Applied Ecology, 55(1), 386-395. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12967
Barbosa, T. A. P., Rosa, D. C. O., Soares, B. E., Costa, C. H. A., Esposito, M. C., & Montag, L. F. A. (2018). Effect of flood pulses on the trophic ecology of four piscivorous fishesfrom the eastern Amazon. Journal of Fish Biology, 93(1), 30-39. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.13669
Benone, N. L., & Montag, L. F. A. (2021). Métodos quantitativos para mensurar a diversidade taxonômica em peixes de riacho. Oecologia Australis, 25(2), 398-414. https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2502.11
Bezerra-Neto, E. B., Sousa, R. G. C., Alves, J. A., & Faria-Junior, C. H. (2024). Diet and seasonal distribution of piranha populations in the São Miguel River, Rondônia, Brazil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 50, e924. https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2024.50.e926
Bogotá-Gregory, J. D., Lima, F. C. T., Correa, S. B., Silva-Oliveira, C., Jenkins, D. G., Ribeiro, F. R. V., & Crampton, W. G. R. (2020). Biogeochemical water type influences community composition, species richness, and biomass in megadiverse Amazonian fish assemblages. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 15349. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-72349-0
Borcard, D., Gillet, F., & Legendre, P. (2011). Numerical ecology with R. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7976-6
Broadmeadow, S. B., Jones, J. G., Langford, T. E. L., Shaw, P. J., & Nisbet, T. R. (2011). The influence of riparian shade on lowland stream water temperatures in Southern England and their viability for brown trout. River Research and Applications, 27(2), 226-237. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1354
Cajado, R. A., Oliveira, L. S., Corrêa, J. M. S., Silva-Cajado, F. K. S., & Zacardi, D. M. (2025). Seasonal hydrology shapes the taxonomic and functional diversity of fish associated with aquatic macrophytes in a neotropical floodplain lake. Aquatic Sciences, 87(2), 52. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00027-025-01179-x
Carvalho, R. A., & Tejerina‐Garro, F. L. (2015). Environmental and spatial processes: What controls the functional structure of fish assemblages in tropical rivers and headwater streams? Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 24(2), 317-328. https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12152
Costa, I. D., Nunes, N. N. S., & Freitas, C. E. C. (2021). Factors determining the structure of fish assemblages in Tarumã River, Jaru Biological Reserve, Machado River drainage, Northern Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 19(4), e200111. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0111
Curtis, W. J., Gebhard, A. E., & Perkin, J. S. (2018). The river continuum concept predicts prey assemblage structure for an insectivorous fish along a temperate riverscape. Freshwater Science, 37(3), 618-630. https://doi.org/10.1086/699013
Dagosta, F. C. P., & Pinna, M. D. (2017). Biogeography of Amazonian fishes: Deconstructing river basins as biogeographic units. Neotropical Ichthyology, 15(3), e170034. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-20170034
Dagosta, F. C. P., & Pinna, M. D. (2019). The fishes of the amazon: Distribution and biogeographical patterns, with a comprehensive list of species. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 2019(431), 1-163. https://doi.org/10.1206/0003-0090.431.1.1
Doretto, A., Piano, E., & Larson, C. E. (2020). The River Continuum Concept: lessons from the past and perspectives for the future. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 77(11), 1853-1864. https://doi.org/10.1139/cjfas-2020-0039
Duarte, C., Antão, L. H., Magurran, A. E., & Deus, C. P. (2022). Shifts in fish community composition and structure linked to seasonality in a tropical river. Freshwater Biology, 67(10), 1789-1800. https://doi.org/10.1111/fwb.13975
Duponchelle, F., Isaac, V. J., Doria, C. R. D. C., Van Damme, P. A., Herrera-R, G. A., Anderson, E. P., Cruz, R. E. A., Hauser, M., Hermann, T. W., Agudelo, E., Bonilla-Castillo, C., Barthem, R., Freitas, C. E. C., García-Dávila, C., García-Vasquez, A., Renno, J.-F., & Castello, L. (2021). Conservation of migratory fishes in the Amazon basin. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 31(5), 1087-1105. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3550
Fernandes, I., Penha, J., & Zuanon, J. (2015). Size-dependent response of tropical wetland fish communities to changes in vegetation cover and habitat connectivity. Landscape Ecology, 30(8), 1421-1434. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10980-015-0196-2
Freitas, C. E. C., Hurd, L. E., Andrade, B. S., Mereles, M. A., & Siqueira-Souza, F. K. (2024). Anthropogenic climate change is a present and future stressor for fish communities in the Amazon Basin. In S. S. Souza, S. Braz-Mota & L. Val (eds.), The Future of Amazonian Aquatic Biota (pp. 3-24). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66822-7_1
Freitas, C. E. C., Laurenson, L., Yamamoto, K. C., Forsberg, B. R., Petrere, M., Arantes, C. C., & Siqueira-Souza, F. K. (2018). Fish species richness is associated with the availability of landscape components across seasons in the Amazonian floodplain. PeerJ, 6, e5080. https://doi.org/10.7717/peerj.5080
Freitas, T. M. S., Montag, L. F. A., & Barthem, R. B. (2017). Distribution, feeding and ecomorphology of four species of Auchenipteridae (Teleostei: Siluriformes) in Eastern Amazonia, Brazil. Iheringia. Série Zoologia, 107, e2017008. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4766e2017008
Freitas, T. M. S., Prudente, B. S., & Montag, L. F. A. (2022). Flood pulse influence on the feeding ecology of two Amazonian auchenipterid catfishes. Neotropical Ichthyology, 20(1), e210103. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0103
Fricke, R., Eschmeyer, W. N., & Van der Laan, R. (2025). Eschmeyer’s catalog of fishes: genera, species, references. Retrieved from https://researcharchive.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/fishcatmain.asp
Gotelli, N. J., & Ellison, A. M. (2013). A primer of ecological statistics (2nd ed.). Sinauer Associates.
Graaf, G. (2003). The flood pulse and growth of floodplain fish in Bangladesh. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 10(4), 241-247. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2400.2003.00341.x
Humphries, P., Keckeis, H., & Finlayson, B. (2014). The river wave concept: Integrating river ecosystem models. BioScience, 64(10), 870-882. https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biu130
Hurd, L. E., Sousa, R. G. C., Siqueira-Souza, F. K., Cooper, G. J., Kahn, J. R., & Freitas, C. E. C. (2016). Amazon floodplain fish communities: Habitat connectivity and conservation in a rapidly deteriorating environment. Biological Conservation, 195, 118-127. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2016.01.005
Isaac, V. J., Castello, L., Santos, P. R. B., & Ruffino, M. L. (2016). Seasonal and interannual dynamics of riverfloodplain multispecies fisheries in relation to flood pulses in the Lower Amazon. Fisheries Research, 183, 352-359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fishres.2016.06.017
Jackson, D. A., Peres-Neto, P. R., & Olden, J. D. (2001). What controls who is where in freshwater fish communities – the roles of biotic, abiotic, and spatial factors. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 58(1), 157-170. https://doi.org/10.1139/f00-239
Junk, W. J., Bayley, P. B., & Sparks, R. E. (1989). The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 106(1), 110-127.
Leite, N. K., Krusche, A. V., Ballester, M. V. R., Victoria, R. L., Richey, J. E., & Gomes, B. M. (2011). Intra and interannual variability in the Madeira River water chemistry and sediment load. Biogeochemistry, 105(1-3), 37-51. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10533-010-9568-5
Liu, Y., Zhang, M., Peng, W., Wu, N., Qu, X., Yu, Y., Zhang, Y., & Yang, C. (2021). The effects of flood pulse on multiple aquatic organisms in a seasonal shallow lake. Aquatic Ecology, 55, 379-399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10452-020-09829-y
Luz-Agostinho, K. D. G., Agostinho, A. A., Gomes, L. C., & Júlio Jr., H. F. (2008). Influence of flood pulses on diet composition and trophic relationships among piscivorous fish in the upper Paraná River floodplain. Hydrobiologia, 607(1), 187-198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-008-9390-4
Magurran, A. E. (1988). Ecological diversity and its measurements. Princeton University Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-7358-0
Melack, J. M., & Coe, M. T. (2021). Amazon floodplain hydrology and implications for aquatic conservation. Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems, 31(5), 1029-1040. https://doi.org/10.1002/aqc.3558
Melo, T. L., Tejerina-Garro, F. L., & Melo, C. E. (2009). Influence of environmental parameters on fish assemblage of a neotropical river with a flood pulse regime, Central Brazil. Neotropical Ichthyology, 7(3), 421-428. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1679-62252009000300009
Meyer, J. L., Strayer, D. L., Wallace, J. B., Eggert, S. L., Helfman, G. S., & Leonard, N. E. (2007). The contribution of headwater streams to biodiversity in river networks. Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 43(1), 86-103. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2007.00008.x
Miranda, R., Rios-Touma, B., Falconí-López, A., Pino-del-Carpio, A., Gaspar, S., Ortega, H., Peláez-Rodríguez, M., Araujo-Flores, J. M., & Tobes, I. (2022). Evaluating the influence of environmental variables on fish assemblages along Tropical Andes: Considerations from ecology to conservation. Hydrobiologia, 849(20), 4569-4585. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04726-3
Oberdorff, T., Dias, M. S., Jézéquel, C., Albert, J. S., Arantes, C. C., Bigorne, R., Carvajal-Valleros, F. M., De Wever, A., Frederico, R. G., Hidalgo, M., Hugueny, B., Leprieur, F., Maldonado, M., Maldonado-Ocampo, J., Martens, K., Ortega, H., Sarmiento, J., Tedesco, P. A., Torrente-Vilara, G., Winemiller, K. O., & Zuanon, J. (2019). Unexpected fish diversity gradients in the Amazon basin. Science Advances, 5(9), eaav8681. https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav8681
Oliveira, L. S., Cajado, R. A., Santos, L. R. B., Suzuki, M. A. L., & Zacardi, D. M. (2020). Bancos de macrófitas aquáticas como locais de desenvolvimento das fases iniciais de peixes em várzea do baixo amazonas. Oecologia Australis, 24(3), 644-660. https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2020.2403.09
Pavanelli, C. S., & Caramaschi, E. P. (2003). Temporal and spatial distribution of the ichthyofauna in two streams of the upper Rio Paraná Basin. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology, 46(2), 271-280. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1516-89132003000200019
Penha, J., Landeiro, V. L., Ortega, J. C. G., & Mateus, L. (2017). Interchange between flooding and drying, and spatial connectivity control the fish metacommunity structure in lakes of the Pantanal wetland. Hydrobiologia, 797(1), 115-126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-017-3164-9
Poole, G. C. (2002). Fluvial landscape ecology: Addressing uniqueness within the river discontinuum. Freshwater Biology, 47(4), 641-660. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2427.2002.00922.x
R Core Team (2023). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing (Version 4.2.1) [Computer Software]. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Retrieved from https://www.R-project.org/.
Reis, V., Hermoso, V., Hamilton, S. K., Bunn, S. E., & Linke, S. (2019). Conservation planning for river-wetland mosaics: A flexible spatial approach to integrate floodplain and upstream catchment connectivity. BiologicalConservation, 236, 356-365. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2019.05.042
Roberto, M. C., Santana, N. F., & Thomaz, S. M. (2009). Limnology in the Upper Paraná River floodplain: Large-scale spatial and temporal patterns, and the influence of reservoirs. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 69(2 Suppl.), 717-725. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1519-69842009000300025
Rodríguez, M. A., & Lewis, W. M. (1997). Structure of fish assemblages along environmental gradients in floodplain lakes of the orinoco river. Ecological Monographs, 67(1), 109-128. https://doi.org/10.1890/0012-9615(1997)067[0109:SOFAAE]2.0.CO;2
Röpke, C., Pires, T. H., Zuchi, N., Zuanon, J., & Amadio, S. (2022). Effects of climate-driven hydrological changes in the reproduction of Amazonian floodplain fishes. Journal of Applied Ecology, 59(4), 1134-1145. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14126
Röpke, C. P., Amadio, S. A., Winemiller, K. O., & Zuanon, J. (2016). Seasonal dynamics of the fish assemblage in a floodplain lake at the confluence of the Negro and Amazon Rivers. Journal of Fish Biology, 89(1), 194-212. https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.12791
Sambora, L. C. F., Aguiar-Santos, J., Siqueira-Souza, F. K., & Freitas, C. E. C. (2023). Influence of abiotic factors on the composition of fish assemblages in the Aracá-Demeni sub-basin of the middle Negro River. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 83, e274100. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.274100
Shannon, C. E., & Weaver, W. (1949). The mathematical theory of communication. University of Illinois Press.
Silva, P. B., Arantes, C. C., Freitas, C. E. C., Petrere, M., & Ribeiro, F. R. V. (2021). Seasonal hydrology and fish assemblage structure in the floodplain of the lower Amazon River. Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 30(2), 162-173. https://doi.org/10.1111/eff.12572
Siqueira-Souza, F. K., Freitas, C. E. C., Hurd, L. E., & Petrere, M. (2016). Amazon floodplain fish diversity at different scales: Do time and place really matter? Hydrobiologia, 776(1), 99-110. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-016-2738-2
Siqueira-Souza, F. K., Hurd, L. E., Yamamoto, K. C., Soares, M. G. M., Cooper, G. J., Kahn, J. R., & Freitas, C. E. C. (2021). Patterns of pelagic fish diversity in floodplain lakes of whitewater and blackwater drainage systems within the central amazon river basin of Brazil. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 9, 602895. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2021.602895
Sousa, R. G. C., Oliveira, N. S., & Rosa, F. R. D. (2022). The flood pulse regulates the longitudinal distribution of fish assemblages in the amazonian floodplain lakes. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 48, e688. https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2022.48.e688
Sousa, R. G. C., Souza, L. A., Frutuoso, M. E., & Freitas, C. E. C. (2017). Seasonal dynamic of Amazonian smallscale fisheries is dictated by the hydrologic pulse. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 43(2), 207-221. https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2017v43n2p207
Teixeira, T. P., Pinto, B. C. T., Terra, B. D. F., Estiliano, E. O., Gracia, D., & Araújo, F. G. (2005). Diversidade das assembléias de peixes nas quatro unidades geográficas do rio Paraíba do Sul. Iheringia. Série Zoologia, 95(4), 347-357. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0073-47212005000400002
Teresa, F. B., Rodrigues-Filho, C. A. S., & Leitão, R. P. (2021). Diversidade funcional de comunidades de peixes de riacho. Oecologia Australis, 25(2), 415-432. https://doi.org/10.4257/oeco.2021.2502.12
Thorp, J. H., Thoms, M. C., & Delong, M. D. (2006). The riverine ecosystem synthesis: Biocomplexity in river networks across space and time. River Research and Applications, 22(2), 123-147. https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.901
Tockner, K., Malard, F., & Ward, J. V. (2000). An extension of the flood pulse concept. Hydrological Processes, 14(16-17), 2861-2883. https://doi.org/10.1002/1099-1085(200011/12)14:16/17<2861::AID-HYP124>3.0.CO;2-F
Torrente‐Vilara, G., Zuanon, J., Leprieur, F., Oberdorff, T., & Tedesco, P. A. (2011). Effects of natural rapids and waterfalls on fish assemblage structure in the Madeira River (Amazon basin). Ecology of Freshwater Fish, 20(4), 588-597. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0633.2011.00508.x
Trujillo-Jiménez, P., López-López, E., Díaz-Pardo, E., & Camargo, J. A. (2010). Patterns in the distribution of fish assemblages in Río Amacuzac, Mexico: Influence of abioticfactors and biotic factors. Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, 20(4), 457-469. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11160-009-9153-y
Vannote, R. L., Minshall, G. W., Cummins, K. W., Sedell, J. R., & Cushing, C. E. (1980). The river continuum concept. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 37(1), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.1139/f80-017
Wang, Y., Naumann, U., Wright, S. T., & Warton, D. I. (2012). Mvabund– an r package for model‐based analysis of multivariate abundance data. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, 3(3), 471-474. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2041-210X.2012.00190.x
Warton, D. I., Foster, S. D., De’ath, G., Stoklosa, J., & Dunstan, P. K. (2015). Model-based thinking for community ecology. Plant Ecology, 216(5), 669-682. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11258-014-0366-3
Winemiller, K. O., & Jepsen, D. B. (1998). Effects of seasonality and fish movement on tropical river food webs. Journal of Fish Biology, 53(sA), 267-296. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.1998.tb01032.x
Zacardi, D. M., Bittencourt, S. C. S., Nakayama, L., & Queiroz, H. L. (2017). Distribution of economically important fish larvae (Characiformes, Prochilodontidae) in the Central Amazonia, Brazil. Fisheries Management and Ecology, 24(4), 283-291. https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12222
Zuanon, J., & Ferreira, E. (2008). Feeding ecology of fishes in the Brazilian Amazon – A naturalistic approach. In J. E. P. Cyprino, D. P. Bureau & B. G. Kapoor (eds.), Feeding and Digestive Functions of Fishes (pp. 1-34). CRC Press.
Downloads
Publicado
Edição
Seção
Licença
Copyright (c) 2026 Eloi Bispo Bezerra-Neto, Diego Maia Zacardi, Lucas Silva de Oliveira, Ruineris Almada Cajado, Carlos Edwar de Carvalho Freitas, Rodrigo Vieira Alves Amaral, Sandro de Vargas Schons, Raniere Garcez Costa Sousa
Este trabalho está licenciado sob uma licença Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
