Efeito da suplementação alimentar com cromo trivalente em pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus(Holmberg, 1887), mantido em diferentes densidades de estocagem. Parí¢metros fisiológicos
Palavras-chave:
cortisol, glicogênio, estresse, cromo, Piaractus mesopotamicusResumo
O objetivo do ensaio foi avaliar os possíveis efeitos da suplementação alimentar com cromo trivalente e do confinamento em duas densidades de estocagem durante 30 dias sobre o cortisol plasmático, a glicemia e o glicogênio hepático de pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Holmberg, 1887). Exemplares jovens de pacu foram alimentados com dieta suplementada ou não suplementada com cromo trivalente (0, 6, 12, 18 mg de cromo/kg de ração), e mantidos em duas densidades de estocagem (4 e 20 kg/m3). Os resultados demonstram que a concentração de cortisol plasmático foi maior nos peixes alimentados com dieta isenta de cromo e menor naqueles alimentados com dieta suplementada, sugerindo possível efeito antiestressante nos primeiros sete dias de ensaio. Todavia não houve diferença significativa (P > 0,01) entre os valores de glicemia observados quando se consideram os diferentes níveis de suplementação testados e as diferentes densidades de estocagem, porém registrou-se aumento da glicemia nos sete primeiros dias do experimento e sua posterior redução, mantendo-se constante até o final do experimento. Quinze dias após o início do ensaio observou-se diminuição do estoque de glicogênio hepático nos peixes que receberam suplementação alimentar de 6,0 mg de cromo/kg de ração, sendo o mesmo recuperado após 30 dias. Portanto, nas condições deste ensaio, a suplementação da dieta com 18 mg de cromo/kg mostrou-se interessante durante os sete primeiros dias de confinamento.
Referências
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BELO, M.A.A. 2002 Efeito do estresse e da suplementação alimentar com vitamina E sobre a formação de gigantócitos em lamínulas de vidro implantadas no tecido subcutí¢neo de Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887. Jaboticabal. 65p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista).
BORGHETTI, N.R.B.; OSTRENSKY, A.; BORGHETTI, J.R. 2003 Aqüicultura. Uma visão geral sobre a produção de organismos aquáticos no Brasil e no mundo. Curitiba.
BRUM, C. 2003 A vitamina C favorece a formação de macrófagos policariontes em Piaractus mesopotamiocus Holmberg, 1887 mantido em diferentes densidades. Jaboticabal. 58p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista).
CARROL, N.V.; LONGLEY, W.; ROE, J.H. 1956 The determination of glycogen in liver and muscle by use of anthrone reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 220: 583-593.
DAVIS, K.B. e PARKER, N.C. 1986 Plasma corticosteroid stress response of fourteen species of warmwater fish to transportation. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 115: 495-499.
EDDY, F.B. 1981 Effects of stress on osmotic and ionic regulation in fish. In: PICKERING, A.D. (Ed.). Stress and Fish. London/New York: Academic Press. p.77-102.
FIGUEIREDO-GARUTTI, M.L. 1996 Carboidrato como fonte de energia e a ação do cromo trivalente e da insulina em pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Pisces, Characidae). Jaboticabal. (Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista).
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GAZOLA, R.; BORELA, M.I.; DONALDSON, E.M., VAL-SELLA, M.V.; SUKUMASAVIN, N.; FAVAde-MORAES, F.; BERNARDINO, G. 1996 Plasma steroid and corticosteroid levels in female pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus, TeleosteiCharacidae. Brazillian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 29(5): 659-664.
HERTZ, Y.; MADAR, Z.; HEPHER, B.; GERTLER, A. 1989 Glucose metabolism in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio): the effects of cobalt and chromium. Aquaculture, 76: 255-267.
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MERTZ, W. e ROGINSKI, E.E. 1969 Effect of chromium III supplementation on growth and survival under stress in rats feed low-protein diets. Journal of Nutrition, 97: 531-536.
MONTERO, D.; MARRERO, M.; IZQUIERDO, M.S.;ROBAINA, L.; VERGARA, J.M.; TORT, L. 1999 Effects of vitamin E and C dietary supplementation on some immune parameters of gilthead seabream (S. aurata) juveniles subject to crowding stress. Aquaculture, 171: 269-278.
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hypophysectomy. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 177: 89-96.
PICKFORD, G.E.; SRIVASTAVA, A.K.; SLICHER, A.M.; PANG, P.K.T. 1971b The stress response in the abundance of circulating leucocytes in the Killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. II. The role of catecholamine. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 177: 97-108.
PICKFORD, G.E.; SRIVASTAVA, A.K.; SLICHER, A.M.; PANG, P.K.T. 1971c The stress response in the abundance of circulating leucocytes in the Killifish, Fundulus heterocitus. III. The role of the adrenal cortex and a concluding discussion of the leucocyte-stress syndrome. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 177: 109-118.
ROBERTSON, L.; THOMAS, P.; ARNOLD, C.R.; TRANT, J.M. 1987 Plasma cortisol and secondary stress responses of red drum to handling transport, rearing density, and a disease outbreak. Progress of Fish Culture, 49: 1-12.
ROTLLAND, J.; PAVLIDIS, M.; KENTOURI, M.;ABAD, M.E.; TORT, L. 1997 Non-specific immune responses in the red porgy Pagrus pagrus after crowding stress. Aquaculture, 156:279-290.
ROTLLAND, J. e TORT, L. 1997 Cortisol and glucose response after acute stress by net handling in the sparid red porgy previously to subject crowding stress. J. Fish Biol., 51: 21-28.
SANO, H.; KATO, Y.; TAKEBAYASHI, A.; SHIGA, A. 1999 Effects of supplemental chromium and isolation stress on the tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin in sheep. Small ruminant esearch, 33: 239-246.
SELYE, H. 1950 Stress and general adaptation syndrome. British Medical Journal, 1(4667): 1383-1392.
SHIAU, S. e LIN, S. 1993 Effect of supplemental dietary chromium and vanadium on the utilization of different carbohydrates in tilapia, O. niloticus X O. aureus. Aquaculture, 110:321-330.
TOMASSO, J.R.; DAVIS, K.B.; PARKER, N.C. 1980 Plasma corticosteroid and electrolyte dynamic of hybrid striped bass (white bass x striped bass) during netting and hauling. Journal of World Mariculture Society, 11: 303-310.
TORT, L.; SUNYER, J.O.; GOMEZ, E.; MOLINERO, A. 1996 Crowding stress induces changes in serum hemolytic and agglutinating activity in the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 51: 179-188.
BARTON, B. e IWAMA, G. 1991 Physiological changes in fish from stress in aquaculture with emphasis on the response and effects of corticosteroids. Review of Fish Disease. p.3-61.
BELO, M.A.A. 2002 Efeito do estresse e da suplementação alimentar com vitamina E sobre a formação de gigantócitos em lamínulas de vidro implantadas no tecido subcutí¢neo de Piaractus mesopotamicus Holmberg, 1887. Jaboticabal. 65p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista).
BORGHETTI, N.R.B.; OSTRENSKY, A.; BORGHETTI, J.R. 2003 Aqüicultura. Uma visão geral sobre a produção de organismos aquáticos no Brasil e no mundo. Curitiba.
BRUM, C. 2003 A vitamina C favorece a formação de macrófagos policariontes em Piaractus mesopotamiocus Holmberg, 1887 mantido em diferentes densidades. Jaboticabal. 58p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista).
CARROL, N.V.; LONGLEY, W.; ROE, J.H. 1956 The determination of glycogen in liver and muscle by use of anthrone reagent. J. Biol. Chem., 220: 583-593.
DAVIS, K.B. e PARKER, N.C. 1986 Plasma corticosteroid stress response of fourteen species of warmwater fish to transportation. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 115: 495-499.
EDDY, F.B. 1981 Effects of stress on osmotic and ionic regulation in fish. In: PICKERING, A.D. (Ed.). Stress and Fish. London/New York: Academic Press. p.77-102.
FIGUEIREDO-GARUTTI, M.L. 1996 Carboidrato como fonte de energia e a ação do cromo trivalente e da insulina em pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Pisces, Characidae). Jaboticabal. (Dissertação de mestrado. Universidade Estadual Paulista).
FRYER, J.N. e PETER, R.E. 1977 Hypothalamic control of ACTH secretion in goldfish. III. Hypothalamic cortisol implant studies. General and comparative endocrinology, 33: 215-225
GAZOLA, R.; BORELA, M.I.; DONALDSON, E.M., VAL-SELLA, M.V.; SUKUMASAVIN, N.; FAVAde-MORAES, F.; BERNARDINO, G. 1996 Plasma steroid and corticosteroid levels in female pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus, TeleosteiCharacidae. Brazillian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 29(5): 659-664.
HERTZ, Y.; MADAR, Z.; HEPHER, B.; GERTLER, A. 1989 Glucose metabolism in the common carp (Cyprinus carpio): the effects of cobalt and chromium. Aquaculture, 76: 255-267.
KING, E.J. e GARNER, R.J. 1947 Colorimetric determination of glucose. J. Chem. Pathol., 1:30-33.
MAZEAU, M.M. e MAZEAU, F. 1981 Adrenergic response to stress in fish. In: PICKERING, A.D. (Ed.). Stress and Fish. London/New York: Academic Press. p.49-75.
MAZEAUD, M.M.; MAZEAUD, F.; DONALDSON, E.M. 1977 Primary and secondary effects of stress in fish: Some new data with a general review. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, 106(3): 201-212.
MERTZ, W. e ROGINSKI, E.E. 1969 Effect of chromium III supplementation on growth and survival under stress in rats feed low-protein diets. Journal of Nutrition, 97: 531-536.
MONTERO, D.; MARRERO, M.; IZQUIERDO, M.S.;ROBAINA, L.; VERGARA, J.M.; TORT, L. 1999 Effects of vitamin E and C dietary supplementation on some immune parameters of gilthead seabream (S. aurata) juveniles subject to crowding stress. Aquaculture, 171: 269-278.
MOWAT, D.N. 1997 Organic chromium in animal nutrition. Chromium books. Ontario: Guelph. NON BURG, R. e LIU, D. 1993 Toxicology update: Chromium and hexavalent chromium. Journal of Applied Toxicology, 13(3): 225-230.
PICKFORD, G.E.; SRIVASTAVA, A.K.; SLICHER,A.M.; PANG, P.K.T. 1971a The stress response in the abundance of circulating leucocytes in the killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. I. The cold-shock sequence and the effects of
hypophysectomy. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 177: 89-96.
PICKFORD, G.E.; SRIVASTAVA, A.K.; SLICHER, A.M.; PANG, P.K.T. 1971b The stress response in the abundance of circulating leucocytes in the Killifish, Fundulus heteroclitus. II. The role of catecholamine. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 177: 97-108.
PICKFORD, G.E.; SRIVASTAVA, A.K.; SLICHER, A.M.; PANG, P.K.T. 1971c The stress response in the abundance of circulating leucocytes in the Killifish, Fundulus heterocitus. III. The role of the adrenal cortex and a concluding discussion of the leucocyte-stress syndrome. Journal of Experimental Zoology, 177: 109-118.
ROBERTSON, L.; THOMAS, P.; ARNOLD, C.R.; TRANT, J.M. 1987 Plasma cortisol and secondary stress responses of red drum to handling transport, rearing density, and a disease outbreak. Progress of Fish Culture, 49: 1-12.
ROTLLAND, J.; PAVLIDIS, M.; KENTOURI, M.;ABAD, M.E.; TORT, L. 1997 Non-specific immune responses in the red porgy Pagrus pagrus after crowding stress. Aquaculture, 156:279-290.
ROTLLAND, J. e TORT, L. 1997 Cortisol and glucose response after acute stress by net handling in the sparid red porgy previously to subject crowding stress. J. Fish Biol., 51: 21-28.
SANO, H.; KATO, Y.; TAKEBAYASHI, A.; SHIGA, A. 1999 Effects of supplemental chromium and isolation stress on the tissue responsiveness and sensitivity to insulin in sheep. Small ruminant esearch, 33: 239-246.
SELYE, H. 1950 Stress and general adaptation syndrome. British Medical Journal, 1(4667): 1383-1392.
SHIAU, S. e LIN, S. 1993 Effect of supplemental dietary chromium and vanadium on the utilization of different carbohydrates in tilapia, O. niloticus X O. aureus. Aquaculture, 110:321-330.
TOMASSO, J.R.; DAVIS, K.B.; PARKER, N.C. 1980 Plasma corticosteroid and electrolyte dynamic of hybrid striped bass (white bass x striped bass) during netting and hauling. Journal of World Mariculture Society, 11: 303-310.
TORT, L.; SUNYER, J.O.; GOMEZ, E.; MOLINERO, A. 1996 Crowding stress induces changes in serum hemolytic and agglutinating activity in the gilthead sea bream Sparus aurata. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol., 51: 179-188.
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2018-10-29
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