Toxicidade e efeitos do sulfato de cobre no controle parasitário e na resposta hematológica de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum
Palavras-chave:
sangue, peixe de água doce, leucócitos, parasitos, MonogenoideaResumo
O presente trabalho determinou a concentração letal média (CL50-96h) do sulfato de cobre (CuSO4) para juvenis de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Characidae), avaliou a eficácia de diferentes concentrações de CuSO4 na eliminação de parasitos e também estudou os efeitos do CuSO4 nos parí¢metros sanguíneos após curta exposição. Após determinada a CL50-96h de CuSO4 em 17,5 mg L-1, foram investigados os efeitos da exposição de 48 h com 1,75; 4,37 e 8,75 mg L-1 de CuSO4 no tratamento para parasitos e nos parí¢metros sanguíneos. Nas brí¢nquias e pele, concentrações de 4,37 e 8,75 mg L-1 eliminaram Anacanthorus spathulatus (Monogenoidea). Nos peixes expostos a 1,75; 4,37 e 8,75 mg L-1 de CuSO4, os níveis plasmáticos de proteína total, cloreto, potássio, glucose e cobre e a hemoglobina e o hematócrito foram similares aos do controle, porém os níveis plasmáticos de sódio decresceram com exposição a 1,75 e 4,37 mg L-1. Nos peixes expostos í s três diferentes concentrações de CuSO4, a contagem de eritrócitos diminuiu, enquanto o Volume Corpuscular Médio (VCM) aumentou. Porém, a exposição a 8,75 mg L-1 de CuSO4 diminuiu o número total de leucócitos, linfócitos, neutrófilos e leucócitos granular PAS-positivo (LG-PAS) quando comparado ao dos peixes controle.
Referências
ADHIKARI, S. 2003 Effects of calcium and magnesium hardness on acute copper toxicity to Indian major carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and catfish Channa punctatus (Bloch). Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 34: 975-980.
BOYD, E. and TUCKER, C.S. 1992 Water quality and pond soil analyses for aquaculture. Auburn: Auburn University. 300p.
CARNEIRO, P.C.F.; SCHORER, M.; MIKOS, J.D.2005 Tratamentos terapêuticos convencionais no controle do ectoparasita Ichthyophtirus multifiliis em jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, 40: 99-102.
CARVALHO, C.S. and FERNANDES, M.N. 2006 Effect of temperature on copper toxicity and hematological responses in the Neotropical fish Prochilodus scrofa at low and high pH.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 251: 109-117.
DE BOECK, G.; MEEUS, W.; DE COEN, W.; BLUST,R. 2004 Tissue-specific Cu bioaccumulation patterns and differences in sensitivity to waterborne Cu in three freshwater fish: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquatic Toxicology, New York,70: 179-188.
FIGUEIREDO-FERNANDES, A.; FERREIRACARDOSO, J. V.; GARCIA-SANTOS, S.; MONTEIRO, S.M.; CARROLA, J.; MATOS, P.; FONTAÍNHAS-FERNANDES, A. 2007
Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to waterborne copper. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro, 27: 103-109.
GRIFFIN, R.B.; DAVIS, B.K.; SCHLENK, D. 1999 Effect of simulated copper sulphate therapy stress indicators in channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, Oxford, 11: 231-236.
GROSELL, M.; NIELSEN, C.; BIANCHINI, A. 2002 Sodium turnover rate determines sensitivity to acute copper and silver exposure in freshwater animals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,New York, 133C: 287-303.
HAMILTON, M.A.; RUSSO, R.C.; THURSTON, R.V.1977 Trimmed spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environmental Science & Technology, Washington, 11: 714-719. Correction:
12: 417, 1977
KRITSKY, D.C.; THATCHER, V.E.; KAYTON, R.J.1979 Neotropical Monogenoidea. 2. The
Anacanthorinae Price, 1967, with the proposal of four new species of Anacanthorus Mizelle & Price, 1965, from Amazonian fishes. Acta Amazonica, Manaus, 9: 355-361.
MATSUO, A.Y.O.; WOOD, C.M.; VAL, A.L. 2005 Effects of copper and cadmium on ion transport and gill metal binding in the Amazonian teleost tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in extremely soft water. Aquatic Toxicology, New York, 74:351-364.
MAZON, A.F.; MONTEIRO, E.A.S.; PINHEIRO, G.H.D.; FERNANDES, M.N. 2002 Hematological and physiological changes induced by shortterm exposure to copper in the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa. Brazilian Journal of Biology, São Carlos, 62: 621-631.
MINISTÉRIO DA PESCA E AQUICULTURA - MPA. 2010 Produção pesqueira e aquícola. Estatística 2008 e 2009. Brasília (DF), 30p.
MOLNÁR, K. and BÉKÉSI L. 1993 Description of a new Myxobolus species, M.colossomatis n. sp. from the teleost Colossoma macropomum of the Amazon River basin. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Oxford, 9: 57-63.
MORAIS, A.M.; VARELLA, A.M.B; CORREA, M.A.V.; MALTA, J.C.O. 2009 A fauna de
parasitos em juvenis de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) Characidae:Serrasalminae) criados em tanques-rede em lago de várzea da Amazônia central. Biologia Geral Experimental, Manaus, 9: 14-23.
MUKHOPADHYAY, M.K. and KONAR, S.K. 1984 Toxicity of copper, zinc and iron to fish, plankton and worm. Geobios, Jodhpur, 11: 204-207.
NUSSEY, G.; VAN-VUREN, J.H.J.; DU PREE, H.H. 1995a Effect of copper on blood osmoregulation of the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, New York, 111C: 369-380.
NUSSEY, G.; VAN-VUREN, J.H.J.; DU PREEZ, H.H.1995b Effect of copper on blood coagulation of Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, New York, 111C:359-367.
NUSSEY, G.; VAN-VUREN, J.H.J.; DU PREEZ, H.H.1995c Effect of copper on the differential white blood cell counts of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, New York, 111C: 381-388.
PASSANTINO, L.; CIANCIOTTA, A.; PATRUNO,R.; RIBAUD, M.R.; JIRILLO, E.; PASSANTINO, G.F. 2005 Do fish thrombocytes play an immunological role? Their cytoenzymatic profiles and function during an accidental piscine candidiasis in aquarium.Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, New York, 27: 345í 356.
POYNTON, S.L.; CAMPBELL, T.W; PALM, H.W. 1997 Skin lesions in captive lemon sharks Negaprionbrevirostris (Carcharhinidae) associated with the monogenean Neodermophthirius harkemai Price, 1963 (Microbothriidae). Diseases of Aquatic
Organisms, Oldendorf, 31: 29-33.
SCHLENK, D.; GOLLON, J.L.; GRIFFIN, B.R. 1998 Efficacy of copper sulfate for the treatment of ichthyophthiriasis in channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, Oxford, 10: 390-396.
SINGH, D.; NATH, K.; TRIVEDI, S.P.; SHARMA, Y.K. 2008 Impact of copper on hematological profile of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. The Journal of Environmental Biology, Lucknow, 29:253-257.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; SANDRIN, E.F.S.; CAMPOSFILHO, E. 1999 Características hematológicas do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum Cuvier (Osteichthyes: Characidae) em sistema de monocultivo intensivo. II. Leucócitos. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 16: 175-84.
TAVARES-DIAS, M. and MORAES, F.R. 2003 Características hematológicas da Tilapia rendalli Boulenger, 1896 (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae)capturada em pesque-pague de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil. Bioscience Journal, Uberlí¢ndia, 19:103-110.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MARTINS, M.L.; MORAES,F.R. 2001a Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de pesque-pagues do município de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil. I. Protozoários. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 18: 67-79.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MORAES, F.R.; MARTINS,M.L.; KRONKA, S.N. 2001b Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de pesque-pagues do município de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil. II. Metazoários. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 18: 81-95.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MARTINS, M.L.; SCHALCH,S.H.C.; ONAKA, E.M.; QUINTANA, C.I.F.;
MORAES, J.R.E.; MORAES, F.R. 2002 Alterações hematológicas e histopatológicas em pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887(Osteichthyes, Characidae), tratado com sulfato de cobre (CuSO4). Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, 24:547-554.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; LEMOS, J.R.G.; ANDRADE, S.M.S.; PEREIRA, S.L.A. 2006 Ocorrência de ectoparasitos em Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 (Characidae) cultivados em estação de piscicultura na Amazônia Central. CIVA 2006, p.726-731. Disponível em:http://www.revistaaquatic.com/civa2006.
TAVARES-DIAS, M. and MORAES F.R. 2007 Leukocyte and thrombocyte reference values for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf.), with an assessment of morphological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features. Veterinay Clinical Pathology, Madison, 36: 49-54.
THONEY, D.A. 1990 The effects of trichlorfon,prazquantel, and copper sulphate on various stages of the monogenean Benedeniella posterocolpa, a skin parasite of the cownose rays, Rhinoptera bonasus. Journal of Fish Diseases,Oxford, 13: 385-389.
VERA, M.P. and POCSIDIO, G.N. 1998 Potential protective effect of calcium carbonate as liming agent against copper toxicity in the African tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Science of the Total Environment, Michigan, 214: 193-202.
WILLIAMS, H.A. and WOOTTEN, R. 1981 Some effects of therapeutic levels of formalin and copper sulphate on blood parameters in rainbow trout. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 24: 341-353.
WITESKA, M. 2005 Stress in fish. Hematological and immunological effects of heavy metals. Electronic Journal of Ichthyology, Berlim, 1: 35-41.
WITESKA, M. and WAKULSKA, M. 2007 The effects of heavy metals on common carp white blood cells in vitro. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals,Baltimore, 35: 87-92.
ZAR, J. H. 1999 Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall:New Jersey. 663p.
BOYD, E. and TUCKER, C.S. 1992 Water quality and pond soil analyses for aquaculture. Auburn: Auburn University. 300p.
CARNEIRO, P.C.F.; SCHORER, M.; MIKOS, J.D.2005 Tratamentos terapêuticos convencionais no controle do ectoparasita Ichthyophtirus multifiliis em jundiá (Rhamdia quelen). Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Brasília, 40: 99-102.
CARVALHO, C.S. and FERNANDES, M.N. 2006 Effect of temperature on copper toxicity and hematological responses in the Neotropical fish Prochilodus scrofa at low and high pH.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 251: 109-117.
DE BOECK, G.; MEEUS, W.; DE COEN, W.; BLUST,R. 2004 Tissue-specific Cu bioaccumulation patterns and differences in sensitivity to waterborne Cu in three freshwater fish: rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquatic Toxicology, New York,70: 179-188.
FIGUEIREDO-FERNANDES, A.; FERREIRACARDOSO, J. V.; GARCIA-SANTOS, S.; MONTEIRO, S.M.; CARROLA, J.; MATOS, P.; FONTAÍNHAS-FERNANDES, A. 2007
Histopathological changes in liver and gill epithelium of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, exposed to waterborne copper. Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira, Rio de Janeiro, 27: 103-109.
GRIFFIN, R.B.; DAVIS, B.K.; SCHLENK, D. 1999 Effect of simulated copper sulphate therapy stress indicators in channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, Oxford, 11: 231-236.
GROSELL, M.; NIELSEN, C.; BIANCHINI, A. 2002 Sodium turnover rate determines sensitivity to acute copper and silver exposure in freshwater animals. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology,New York, 133C: 287-303.
HAMILTON, M.A.; RUSSO, R.C.; THURSTON, R.V.1977 Trimmed spearman-Karber method for estimating median lethal concentrations in toxicity bioassays. Environmental Science & Technology, Washington, 11: 714-719. Correction:
12: 417, 1977
KRITSKY, D.C.; THATCHER, V.E.; KAYTON, R.J.1979 Neotropical Monogenoidea. 2. The
Anacanthorinae Price, 1967, with the proposal of four new species of Anacanthorus Mizelle & Price, 1965, from Amazonian fishes. Acta Amazonica, Manaus, 9: 355-361.
MATSUO, A.Y.O.; WOOD, C.M.; VAL, A.L. 2005 Effects of copper and cadmium on ion transport and gill metal binding in the Amazonian teleost tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) in extremely soft water. Aquatic Toxicology, New York, 74:351-364.
MAZON, A.F.; MONTEIRO, E.A.S.; PINHEIRO, G.H.D.; FERNANDES, M.N. 2002 Hematological and physiological changes induced by shortterm exposure to copper in the freshwater fish, Prochilodus scrofa. Brazilian Journal of Biology, São Carlos, 62: 621-631.
MINISTÉRIO DA PESCA E AQUICULTURA - MPA. 2010 Produção pesqueira e aquícola. Estatística 2008 e 2009. Brasília (DF), 30p.
MOLNÁR, K. and BÉKÉSI L. 1993 Description of a new Myxobolus species, M.colossomatis n. sp. from the teleost Colossoma macropomum of the Amazon River basin. Journal of Applied Ichthyology, Oxford, 9: 57-63.
MORAIS, A.M.; VARELLA, A.M.B; CORREA, M.A.V.; MALTA, J.C.O. 2009 A fauna de
parasitos em juvenis de tambaqui Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier, 1818) Characidae:Serrasalminae) criados em tanques-rede em lago de várzea da Amazônia central. Biologia Geral Experimental, Manaus, 9: 14-23.
MUKHOPADHYAY, M.K. and KONAR, S.K. 1984 Toxicity of copper, zinc and iron to fish, plankton and worm. Geobios, Jodhpur, 11: 204-207.
NUSSEY, G.; VAN-VUREN, J.H.J.; DU PREE, H.H. 1995a Effect of copper on blood osmoregulation of the Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, New York, 111C: 369-380.
NUSSEY, G.; VAN-VUREN, J.H.J.; DU PREEZ, H.H.1995b Effect of copper on blood coagulation of Oreochromis mossambicus (Cichlidae). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, New York, 111C:359-367.
NUSSEY, G.; VAN-VUREN, J.H.J.; DU PREEZ, H.H.1995c Effect of copper on the differential white blood cell counts of the Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology, New York, 111C: 381-388.
PASSANTINO, L.; CIANCIOTTA, A.; PATRUNO,R.; RIBAUD, M.R.; JIRILLO, E.; PASSANTINO, G.F. 2005 Do fish thrombocytes play an immunological role? Their cytoenzymatic profiles and function during an accidental piscine candidiasis in aquarium.Immunopharmacology and Immunotoxicology, New York, 27: 345í 356.
POYNTON, S.L.; CAMPBELL, T.W; PALM, H.W. 1997 Skin lesions in captive lemon sharks Negaprionbrevirostris (Carcharhinidae) associated with the monogenean Neodermophthirius harkemai Price, 1963 (Microbothriidae). Diseases of Aquatic
Organisms, Oldendorf, 31: 29-33.
SCHLENK, D.; GOLLON, J.L.; GRIFFIN, B.R. 1998 Efficacy of copper sulfate for the treatment of ichthyophthiriasis in channel catfish. Journal of Aquatic Animal Health, Oxford, 10: 390-396.
SINGH, D.; NATH, K.; TRIVEDI, S.P.; SHARMA, Y.K. 2008 Impact of copper on hematological profile of freshwater fish, Channa punctatus. The Journal of Environmental Biology, Lucknow, 29:253-257.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; SANDRIN, E.F.S.; CAMPOSFILHO, E. 1999 Características hematológicas do tambaqui Colossoma macropomum Cuvier (Osteichthyes: Characidae) em sistema de monocultivo intensivo. II. Leucócitos. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 16: 175-84.
TAVARES-DIAS, M. and MORAES, F.R. 2003 Características hematológicas da Tilapia rendalli Boulenger, 1896 (Osteichthyes: Cichlidae)capturada em pesque-pague de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil. Bioscience Journal, Uberlí¢ndia, 19:103-110.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MARTINS, M.L.; MORAES,F.R. 2001a Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de pesque-pagues do município de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil. I. Protozoários. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 18: 67-79.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MORAES, F.R.; MARTINS,M.L.; KRONKA, S.N. 2001b Fauna parasitária de peixes oriundos de pesque-pagues do município de Franca, São Paulo, Brasil. II. Metazoários. Revista Brasileira de Zoologia, Curitiba, 18: 81-95.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; MARTINS, M.L.; SCHALCH,S.H.C.; ONAKA, E.M.; QUINTANA, C.I.F.;
MORAES, J.R.E.; MORAES, F.R. 2002 Alterações hematológicas e histopatológicas em pacu, Piaractus mesopotamicus, Holmberg, 1887(Osteichthyes, Characidae), tratado com sulfato de cobre (CuSO4). Acta Scientiarum, Maringá, 24:547-554.
TAVARES-DIAS, M.; LEMOS, J.R.G.; ANDRADE, S.M.S.; PEREIRA, S.L.A. 2006 Ocorrência de ectoparasitos em Colossoma macropomum Cuvier, 1818 (Characidae) cultivados em estação de piscicultura na Amazônia Central. CIVA 2006, p.726-731. Disponível em:http://www.revistaaquatic.com/civa2006.
TAVARES-DIAS, M. and MORAES F.R. 2007 Leukocyte and thrombocyte reference values for channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus Raf.), with an assessment of morphological, cytochemical, and ultrastructural features. Veterinay Clinical Pathology, Madison, 36: 49-54.
THONEY, D.A. 1990 The effects of trichlorfon,prazquantel, and copper sulphate on various stages of the monogenean Benedeniella posterocolpa, a skin parasite of the cownose rays, Rhinoptera bonasus. Journal of Fish Diseases,Oxford, 13: 385-389.
VERA, M.P. and POCSIDIO, G.N. 1998 Potential protective effect of calcium carbonate as liming agent against copper toxicity in the African tilapia Oreochromis mossambicus. Science of the Total Environment, Michigan, 214: 193-202.
WILLIAMS, H.A. and WOOTTEN, R. 1981 Some effects of therapeutic levels of formalin and copper sulphate on blood parameters in rainbow trout. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 24: 341-353.
WITESKA, M. 2005 Stress in fish. Hematological and immunological effects of heavy metals. Electronic Journal of Ichthyology, Berlim, 1: 35-41.
WITESKA, M. and WAKULSKA, M. 2007 The effects of heavy metals on common carp white blood cells in vitro. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals,Baltimore, 35: 87-92.
ZAR, J. H. 1999 Biostatistical analysis. Prentice-Hall:New Jersey. 663p.
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2018-11-08
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