Influência da temperatura e da salinidade na sobrevivência e crescimento de larvas da ostra perlífera Pteria hirundo
Palavras-chave:
larvicultura, Pteriidae, fatores abióticosResumo
Os fatores que mais afetam as taxas de crescimento e sobrevivência de larvas de bivalves são a temperatura e a salinidade. Uma espécie de ostra perlífera, Pteria hirundo (Linnaeus, 1758), apresenta bom potencial de cultivo no sul do Brasil. Neste estudo foram avaliadas diferentes combinações de temperatura (23, 26 e 29°C) e salinidade (25, 30 e 35 ups) na sobrevivência e crescimento para otimizar a produção de larvas dessa espécie em laboratório, como forma de implementar a produção de sementes. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi bifatorial inteiramente casualizado, com três repetições. Um total de 25 mil larvas por unidade experimental (U.E.) foi colocado em recipientes retangulares de polipropileno (10 L), com 5 L de água em cada salinidade estudada. Estes foram mantidos em tanques com 250 L de água providos de aquecedor e termostato, regulados de acordo com as temperaturas experimentais, em sistema de banho-maria. Na temperatura mais baixa (23°C), a sobrevivência foi maior e o crescimento das larvas foi menor, sendo este favorecido nas temperaturas mais altas (26 e 29°C) (P<0,05). A salinidade não teve influência significativa no crescimento final das larvas, entretanto, a salinidade mais baixa (25 ups) resultou em menor sobrevivência larval. A interação da menor temperatura (23°C) com a maior salinidade (35 ups) (P<0,05) resultou em melhores taxas de sobrevivência e crescimento, sendo essa combinação a recomendada para a larvicultura de P. hirundo nas condições avaliadas.
Referências
ALAGARSWAMI, K.; DHARMARAJ, S.;VELAYUDHAN, T.S.; CHELLAM, A. 1987
Hatchery tecnology for pearl oyster production.In: ALAGARSWAMI, K. Pearl culture. Coccin,India: Bulletin Central Marine Freshwater Research Institute, p.62-71.
ALAGARSWAMI, K.; DHARMARAJ, S.; CHELLAM, A.; VELAYUDHAN, T.S. 1989 Larval and
juvenile rearing of black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 76: 43-56.
ANIL, A.C.; CHIBA, K.; OKAMOTO, K;KUROKURA, H. 1995 Influence of temperature
and salinity on larval development of Balanus amphitrite: implications in fouling ecology.Marine Ecology Progress Series, Oldendorf, 118:159-166.
ANIL, A.C.; DESAI, D.; KHANDEPARKER, L. 2001 Larval development and metamorphosis in Balanus amphitrite Darwin (Cirripedia; Thoracica): significance of food concentration, temperature and nucleic acids. Journal Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,Maryland Heights, 263: 125-141.
BEGON, M.; HARPER, J.; TOWNSEND, C. 2007 Ecologia: de Indivíduos a Ecossistemas. 4ª ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed Editora S/A. 740 p.
BURTON, R.F. 1983 Ionic regulation and water balance. In: SALEUDDIN, A.S.M. The MolluscaPhisiology. Part 2. New York: Academic Press.p.291-352.
CARTAGENA, B.F.C. 2008 Estrutura e distribuição espaço temporal da assembléia de peixes na região do Saco dos limões, Baía Sul, Florianópolis SC. Itajaí. 92p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí). Disponível em:http://siaibib01.univali.br/pdf/Beatriz%20Fernanda%20Chinchilla%20Cartagena.pdf Acesso em: 06 dez. 2011.
CHENG, W.; YEH S.H.; WANG C. S.; CHEN, J.C.2002 Osmotic and ionic changes in Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta at different salinity levels. Aquaculture, Amsterdan, 203: 349-357.
DEATON, L. 2008 Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Molluscs. In: EVANS, D.H. Osmotic and ionic regulation: cells and animals. London:CRC Press.p.107-133.
DESAI, D. e ANIL, A.C. 2004 The impact of food type, temperature and starvation on larval development of Balanus amphitrite Darwin (Cirripedia: Thoracica). Journal Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Maryland Heights,306: 113-137.
DESAI, D.; ANIL, A.C.; VENKAT, K. 2006 Reproduction in Balanus amphitrite Darwin
(Cirripedia: Thoracica): influence of temperature and food concentration. Marine Biology, Kiel, 149: 1431-1441.
DOROUDI, M.S. e SOUTHGATE, P.C. 2003 Embrionic and larval development of Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758). Molluscan Research, Sydney, 23: 101-107.
DOROUDI, M.S.; SOUTHGATE, P.C.; MAYER, J.1999 The combined effects of salinity and temperature on embryos and larvae of the blacklip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera (L.). Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 30: 271-277.
DRENT, J. 2002 Temperature responses in larvae of Macoma balthica from a northerly and southerly population of the European distribution range. Journal Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Maryland Heights, 275: 117-129.
FREIRE, C.A.; CAVASSIN, F.; RODRIGUES, E.N.; TORRES, A.H.; MCNAMARA, J.C. 2003
Adaptative patterns of osmotic and ionic regulation, and the invasion of fresh water by the palaemonid shrimps. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology, New York, 136A: 771í 778.
FREIRE, C.A.; AMADO, E.M.; SOUZA L.R.; VEIGA,M.P.T.; VITULE, J.R.S.; SOUZA, M.M.;
PRODOCIMO, V. 2008 Muscle water control in crustaceans and fishes as a function of habitat,osmoregulatory capacity, and degree of euryhalinity. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology, New York, 149A: 435í 446.
FUNAKOSHI, S.; SUZAKI, T.; WADA, K. 1985 Salinity tolerances of marine bivalves. In:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH US JAPAN MEETING ON AQUACULTURE, 13., Mie, Japan, 24-25/oct./1984. Anais… p.15-18.
HELM, M.M.; BOURNE, N.; LOVATELLI, A. 2004 Hatchery culture of bivalves. A practical manual. 1a ed. Rome: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 471.177p.
HYND, J.S. 1955 A revision of the Australian pearlshells, genus Pinctada (Lamellibranchia).Australian Journal Marine and Freshwater Research,Sydney, 6: 98-137.
KAKAZU, K. 1988 Aquaculture of molluscs-black-lip pearl oysters. In: SHOKITA, S. Aquaculture in Tropical Areas. Tokyo: Midori Shobo. p.228-234.
KINNE, O. 1970 Marine Ecology, A comprehensive,Integrated Treatise on life in Oceans and Coastal Waters: Part 1 Enviromental Factors. New York:Wiley Interscience. 681p.
LOOSANOFF, V.L. e DAVIS, H.C. 1963 Rearing of bivalve molluscs. Advances in Marine Biology,Plymouth, 1: 1í 136.
LOUGH, R.G. 1975 A revaluation of the combined effects of temperature and salinity on survival and growth of bivalve larvae using response surface techniques. Fishery Bulletin, Seattle, 73:86-94.
LUCAS, J.S. 2008 Enviromental Influences. In:SOUTHGATE P.C. e LUCAS J.S. The Pearl
Oyster. Oxford: Elsevier. p.187-228.
MARTINEZ-FERNANDEZ, E.; ACOSTA-SALMON,H.; RANGEL-DAVALOS, C.; OLIVERA, A.;
RUIZ-RUBIO, H.; ROMO-PINEIRA, A.K. 2003 Spawning and larval culture of the pearl oyster Pinctada mazatlanica in the laboratory. World Aquaculture, Lousiana, 34(1): 36-39.
MONTEFORTE, M. e MORALES-MULIA, S. 2000 Growth and survival of the Califia mother-ofpearl oyster Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley 1856) under different sequences of nursery culture-late culture at Bahí½a de La Paz, Baja California Sur,
México. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 31: 901-915.
NEWELL, R.C. e BRANCH, G.M. 1980 The influence of temperature on the maintenance of energy balance in marine invertebrates. Advances in Marine Biology, Plymouth, 17: 329-396.
NUMAGUCHI, K. e Y. TANAKA, K. 1986 Effects of salinity on mortality and growth of t h e spat of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii. Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture,Japan, 9: 41-44.
O'CONNOR, W.A. e LAWLER, N.F. 2003 Salinity and temperature tolerance of the pearl oyster, Pinctada imbricata Rí¶ding. Aquaculture,Amsterdan, 229: 493-506.
RIOS, E.C. 2009 Compendium of Brazilian Sea-shells.Rio Grande: Evangraf. 668p.
ROBERT, R.; HIS, E.; DINET, A. 1988 Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fed and starved larvae of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis. Marine Biology, Kiel, 97: 95-100.
ROMERO, S.M.B.; MOREIRA, G.S. 1981 Efeitos combinados de salinidade e temperatura na sobrevivência de embriões e veligers de Perna perna (Linné, 1758) (Mollusca-Bivalvia). Boletim de Fisiologia Animal da Universidade de São Paulo,
São Paulo, 5: 45-58.
ROSE, R.A. 1990 A manual for the artificial propagation of the gold-lip or silver-lip pearl oyster Pinctada maxima (Jameson) from Western Australia. Perth:Fisheries Department. 41p.
ROSE, R.A. e BAKER, S.B. 1994 Larval and spat culture of Western Australian silver or gold-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima Jameson (Mollusca:Pteriidae). Aquaculture, Amsterdan, 126: 35-50.
SAUCEDO, P.E.; ORMART-CASTRO, P.; OSUNAGARCÍA, M. 2007 Towards development of large-scale hatchery cultivation of larvae and spat of the pearl oyster Pinctada mazatlanica in Mexico. Aquaculture, Amsterdan, 273: 478-486.
SIDDALL, S.E. 1982 Dispersal and recruitment of tropical mussel larvae as affected by
temperature and salinity. Journal Shellfish Research, Hanover, 2(1): 106-107.
SOUTHGATE, P.C. e BEER, A.C. 1997 Hatchery and early nursery culture of the blacklip pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera, L.). Journal Shellfish Research, Hanover, 16: 561-568.
SOUTHGATE, P.C. e ITO, M. 1998 Evaluation of a partial flow-through culture technique for pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera L.) larvae. Aquacultural Engineering, Netherlands, 18: 1-7.
SUPLICY, F.M.; SCHMITT, J.F.;MOLTSCHANIWSKYJ, N.A. e FERREIRA, J.F. 2003 Modeling of filter-feeding behavior in the Brown mussel, Perna perna (L.) exposed to
natural variations of seston availability in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Journal of Shellfish Research,Hanover, 22(1): 125-134.
TAYLOR, J.J.; SOUTHGATE P.C.; ROSE R.A. 2004 Effects of salinity on growth and survival of silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima, Jameson) spat. Journal of Sellfish Research, Hanover, 23(2):375-377.
TETTELBACH, S.T. e RHODES, E.W. 1988 Combined effects of temperature and salinity on embryos and larvae of the northen bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians. Marine Biology,London, 63: 249-256.
THIYAGARAJAN, V.; NAIR, K.V.K.;SUBRAMONIAM, T.; VENUGOPALAN, V.P. 2002 Larval settlement behaviour of the barnacle Balanus reticulatus in the laboratory. Journal of the Marine Biological Assocation of United Kingdom,Crambridge, 82: 579-582.
URBAN, H.J. 2000 Culture potential of the Caribbean pearl oyster Pinctada imbricata. I. Gametogenic activity, growth, mortality and production of a natural population. Aquaculture, Amsterdan, 189:361-373.
YUKIHIRA, H.; LUCAS, J.S.; KLUMPP, D.W. 2000 Comparative effects of temperature on suspension feeding and energy budgets of the pearl oysters Pinctada maxima and P.margaritifera. Marine Ecology Progress Series,Oldendorf, 195: 179-188.
Hatchery tecnology for pearl oyster production.In: ALAGARSWAMI, K. Pearl culture. Coccin,India: Bulletin Central Marine Freshwater Research Institute, p.62-71.
ALAGARSWAMI, K.; DHARMARAJ, S.; CHELLAM, A.; VELAYUDHAN, T.S. 1989 Larval and
juvenile rearing of black-lip pearl oyster Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 76: 43-56.
ANIL, A.C.; CHIBA, K.; OKAMOTO, K;KUROKURA, H. 1995 Influence of temperature
and salinity on larval development of Balanus amphitrite: implications in fouling ecology.Marine Ecology Progress Series, Oldendorf, 118:159-166.
ANIL, A.C.; DESAI, D.; KHANDEPARKER, L. 2001 Larval development and metamorphosis in Balanus amphitrite Darwin (Cirripedia; Thoracica): significance of food concentration, temperature and nucleic acids. Journal Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology,Maryland Heights, 263: 125-141.
BEGON, M.; HARPER, J.; TOWNSEND, C. 2007 Ecologia: de Indivíduos a Ecossistemas. 4ª ed. Porto Alegre: Artmed Editora S/A. 740 p.
BURTON, R.F. 1983 Ionic regulation and water balance. In: SALEUDDIN, A.S.M. The MolluscaPhisiology. Part 2. New York: Academic Press.p.291-352.
CARTAGENA, B.F.C. 2008 Estrutura e distribuição espaço temporal da assembléia de peixes na região do Saco dos limões, Baía Sul, Florianópolis SC. Itajaí. 92p. (Dissertação de Mestrado. Universidade do Vale do Itajaí). Disponível em:http://siaibib01.univali.br/pdf/Beatriz%20Fernanda%20Chinchilla%20Cartagena.pdf Acesso em: 06 dez. 2011.
CHENG, W.; YEH S.H.; WANG C. S.; CHEN, J.C.2002 Osmotic and ionic changes in Taiwan abalone Haliotis diversicolor supertexta at different salinity levels. Aquaculture, Amsterdan, 203: 349-357.
DEATON, L. 2008 Osmotic and Ionic Regulation in Molluscs. In: EVANS, D.H. Osmotic and ionic regulation: cells and animals. London:CRC Press.p.107-133.
DESAI, D. e ANIL, A.C. 2004 The impact of food type, temperature and starvation on larval development of Balanus amphitrite Darwin (Cirripedia: Thoracica). Journal Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Maryland Heights,306: 113-137.
DESAI, D.; ANIL, A.C.; VENKAT, K. 2006 Reproduction in Balanus amphitrite Darwin
(Cirripedia: Thoracica): influence of temperature and food concentration. Marine Biology, Kiel, 149: 1431-1441.
DOROUDI, M.S. e SOUTHGATE, P.C. 2003 Embrionic and larval development of Pinctada margaritifera (Linnaeus, 1758). Molluscan Research, Sydney, 23: 101-107.
DOROUDI, M.S.; SOUTHGATE, P.C.; MAYER, J.1999 The combined effects of salinity and temperature on embryos and larvae of the blacklip pearl oyster, Pinctada margaritifera (L.). Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 30: 271-277.
DRENT, J. 2002 Temperature responses in larvae of Macoma balthica from a northerly and southerly population of the European distribution range. Journal Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology, Maryland Heights, 275: 117-129.
FREIRE, C.A.; CAVASSIN, F.; RODRIGUES, E.N.; TORRES, A.H.; MCNAMARA, J.C. 2003
Adaptative patterns of osmotic and ionic regulation, and the invasion of fresh water by the palaemonid shrimps. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology, New York, 136A: 771í 778.
FREIRE, C.A.; AMADO, E.M.; SOUZA L.R.; VEIGA,M.P.T.; VITULE, J.R.S.; SOUZA, M.M.;
PRODOCIMO, V. 2008 Muscle water control in crustaceans and fishes as a function of habitat,osmoregulatory capacity, and degree of euryhalinity. Comparative Biochemistry Physiology, New York, 149A: 435í 446.
FUNAKOSHI, S.; SUZAKI, T.; WADA, K. 1985 Salinity tolerances of marine bivalves. In:
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 13TH US JAPAN MEETING ON AQUACULTURE, 13., Mie, Japan, 24-25/oct./1984. Anais… p.15-18.
HELM, M.M.; BOURNE, N.; LOVATELLI, A. 2004 Hatchery culture of bivalves. A practical manual. 1a ed. Rome: FAO Fisheries Technical Paper 471.177p.
HYND, J.S. 1955 A revision of the Australian pearlshells, genus Pinctada (Lamellibranchia).Australian Journal Marine and Freshwater Research,Sydney, 6: 98-137.
KAKAZU, K. 1988 Aquaculture of molluscs-black-lip pearl oysters. In: SHOKITA, S. Aquaculture in Tropical Areas. Tokyo: Midori Shobo. p.228-234.
KINNE, O. 1970 Marine Ecology, A comprehensive,Integrated Treatise on life in Oceans and Coastal Waters: Part 1 Enviromental Factors. New York:Wiley Interscience. 681p.
LOOSANOFF, V.L. e DAVIS, H.C. 1963 Rearing of bivalve molluscs. Advances in Marine Biology,Plymouth, 1: 1í 136.
LOUGH, R.G. 1975 A revaluation of the combined effects of temperature and salinity on survival and growth of bivalve larvae using response surface techniques. Fishery Bulletin, Seattle, 73:86-94.
LUCAS, J.S. 2008 Enviromental Influences. In:SOUTHGATE P.C. e LUCAS J.S. The Pearl
Oyster. Oxford: Elsevier. p.187-228.
MARTINEZ-FERNANDEZ, E.; ACOSTA-SALMON,H.; RANGEL-DAVALOS, C.; OLIVERA, A.;
RUIZ-RUBIO, H.; ROMO-PINEIRA, A.K. 2003 Spawning and larval culture of the pearl oyster Pinctada mazatlanica in the laboratory. World Aquaculture, Lousiana, 34(1): 36-39.
MONTEFORTE, M. e MORALES-MULIA, S. 2000 Growth and survival of the Califia mother-ofpearl oyster Pinctada mazatlanica (Hanley 1856) under different sequences of nursery culture-late culture at Bahí½a de La Paz, Baja California Sur,
México. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 31: 901-915.
NEWELL, R.C. e BRANCH, G.M. 1980 The influence of temperature on the maintenance of energy balance in marine invertebrates. Advances in Marine Biology, Plymouth, 17: 329-396.
NUMAGUCHI, K. e Y. TANAKA, K. 1986 Effects of salinity on mortality and growth of t h e spat of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii. Bulletin of National Research Institute of Aquaculture,Japan, 9: 41-44.
O'CONNOR, W.A. e LAWLER, N.F. 2003 Salinity and temperature tolerance of the pearl oyster, Pinctada imbricata Rí¶ding. Aquaculture,Amsterdan, 229: 493-506.
RIOS, E.C. 2009 Compendium of Brazilian Sea-shells.Rio Grande: Evangraf. 668p.
ROBERT, R.; HIS, E.; DINET, A. 1988 Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fed and starved larvae of the European flat oyster, Ostrea edulis. Marine Biology, Kiel, 97: 95-100.
ROMERO, S.M.B.; MOREIRA, G.S. 1981 Efeitos combinados de salinidade e temperatura na sobrevivência de embriões e veligers de Perna perna (Linné, 1758) (Mollusca-Bivalvia). Boletim de Fisiologia Animal da Universidade de São Paulo,
São Paulo, 5: 45-58.
ROSE, R.A. 1990 A manual for the artificial propagation of the gold-lip or silver-lip pearl oyster Pinctada maxima (Jameson) from Western Australia. Perth:Fisheries Department. 41p.
ROSE, R.A. e BAKER, S.B. 1994 Larval and spat culture of Western Australian silver or gold-lip pearl oyster, Pinctada maxima Jameson (Mollusca:Pteriidae). Aquaculture, Amsterdan, 126: 35-50.
SAUCEDO, P.E.; ORMART-CASTRO, P.; OSUNAGARCÍA, M. 2007 Towards development of large-scale hatchery cultivation of larvae and spat of the pearl oyster Pinctada mazatlanica in Mexico. Aquaculture, Amsterdan, 273: 478-486.
SIDDALL, S.E. 1982 Dispersal and recruitment of tropical mussel larvae as affected by
temperature and salinity. Journal Shellfish Research, Hanover, 2(1): 106-107.
SOUTHGATE, P.C. e BEER, A.C. 1997 Hatchery and early nursery culture of the blacklip pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera, L.). Journal Shellfish Research, Hanover, 16: 561-568.
SOUTHGATE, P.C. e ITO, M. 1998 Evaluation of a partial flow-through culture technique for pearl oyster (Pinctada margaritifera L.) larvae. Aquacultural Engineering, Netherlands, 18: 1-7.
SUPLICY, F.M.; SCHMITT, J.F.;MOLTSCHANIWSKYJ, N.A. e FERREIRA, J.F. 2003 Modeling of filter-feeding behavior in the Brown mussel, Perna perna (L.) exposed to
natural variations of seston availability in Santa Catarina, Brazil. Journal of Shellfish Research,Hanover, 22(1): 125-134.
TAYLOR, J.J.; SOUTHGATE P.C.; ROSE R.A. 2004 Effects of salinity on growth and survival of silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima, Jameson) spat. Journal of Sellfish Research, Hanover, 23(2):375-377.
TETTELBACH, S.T. e RHODES, E.W. 1988 Combined effects of temperature and salinity on embryos and larvae of the northen bay scallop Argopecten irradians irradians. Marine Biology,London, 63: 249-256.
THIYAGARAJAN, V.; NAIR, K.V.K.;SUBRAMONIAM, T.; VENUGOPALAN, V.P. 2002 Larval settlement behaviour of the barnacle Balanus reticulatus in the laboratory. Journal of the Marine Biological Assocation of United Kingdom,Crambridge, 82: 579-582.
URBAN, H.J. 2000 Culture potential of the Caribbean pearl oyster Pinctada imbricata. I. Gametogenic activity, growth, mortality and production of a natural population. Aquaculture, Amsterdan, 189:361-373.
YUKIHIRA, H.; LUCAS, J.S.; KLUMPP, D.W. 2000 Comparative effects of temperature on suspension feeding and energy budgets of the pearl oysters Pinctada maxima and P.margaritifera. Marine Ecology Progress Series,Oldendorf, 195: 179-188.
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2018-11-10
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