Survival and growth of the native clam Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) larvae in laboratory
Keywords:
berbigão, vôngole, marisco, density, larviculture, settlement, feedingAbstract
High exploitation of natural stocks and changes in the environment has affected the populations of the native clam Anomalocardia brasiliana, becoming necessary the development of technologies for seeds production in laboratory. Aiming to contribute to the seeds production technology of the native clam A. brasiliana, the density and diet of larval cultivation and time for larviculture was evaluated. In the densities 10 and 30 larvae mL-1 the better survival of A. brasiliana larvae were obtained. Evaluating the larviculture time for settlement, the larvae can be transferred after five days of culture and maintained in the settlement in a density of 25 larvae cm-2. Additionally, bialgal diets with the microalgae Chaetoceros muelleri and Nannocholopsis oculata, and C. muelleri and Pavlova lutheri showed better growth and survival of A. brasiliana larvae.
References
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natural diet of oyster larvae (Crassostrea virginica). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 120:
135í 145.
BAYNE, B.L. 1965 Growth and the delay of metamorphosis of the larvae of Mytilus edulis
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BAYNE, B.L.; THOMPSON R.J.; WIDDOWS, J. 1976 Physiology: I. In: BAYNE, B.L. (ed.) Marine
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BOEHS, G.; ABSHER, T.M.; CRUZ-KALED, A.C.2008 Ecologia populacional, reprodução e
contribuição em biomassa de Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) (Bivalvia:Veneridae) na
Baía de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34(2): 259-270.
BOEHS, G., VILLALBA, A.; CEUTA, L.O.; LUZ, J.R.2010 Parasites of three commercially exploited
bivalve mollusc species of the estuarine region of the Cachoeira River (Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil).
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 103: 43-47.
DA SILVA P.M.; MAGALHíES, A.R.M.;BARRACCO, M.A. 2012 Pathologies in commercial bivalve species from Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. Journal of Marine Biology,92: 571-579.
DEMING, C.J. e RUSSELL, M.P. 1999 Assessing manipulations of larval density and culling in hatchery production of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria. Journal of Shellfish Research, 18: 99-105.
FRENKIEL, L. e MOUí"¹ZA, M. 1979 Développement larvaire de deux Tellinacea, Scrobicularia plana
(Semelidae) et Donax vittatus (Donacidae).Marine Biology, 55: 187-195.
GALLAGER, S.M. e MANN, R. 1986 Growth and survival of larvae of Mercenaria mercenaria (L.)
and Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) relative to broodstock conditioning and lipid content of
eggs. Aquaculture, 56: 105í 121
GROS, O.; FRENKIEL, L.; MOUí"¹ZA, M. 1997 Embryonic, larval and post-larval development
in the symbiotic clam, Codakia orbicularis (Bivalvia: Lucinidae). Invertebrate Biology, 116:
86-101.
HELM, M.M. e LAING, I. 1987 Preliminary observations on the nutritional value of "Tahiti
Isochrysis†to bivalve larvae. Aquaculture, 62: 281-288.
HELM, M.M.; BOURNE, N.; LOVATELLI, A. 2004 Hatchery Culture of Bivalves. A Practical Manual.
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 471. FAO,Rome. 177p.
HIS, E.; ROBERT, R.; DINET, A. 1989 Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fed and
starved larvae of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the Japanese oyster
Crassostrea gigas. Marine Biology, 100: 455í 463.
JONES, G.G.; SANFORD, C.L.; JONES B.L. 1993 Manila Clams: Hatchery and Nursery Methods.
Innovative Aquaculture Products Ltd.. 70p.Disponível em: http://www.innovativeaqua.
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LE PENNEC, M. e RANGEL-DAVALOS, C. 1985 Observations en microscopie a epifluorescence
de l’ingestion et de la digestion d’algues unicellulaires chez des jeunes larves de Pecten
maximus (Pectinidae, Bivalvia). Aquaculture, 47:39í 51.
LIU, B.Z.; DONG, B.; TANG, B.J.; ZHANG, T.;XIANG, J.H. 2006 Effect of stocking density on growth, settlement and survival of clam larvae, Meretrix meretrix. Aquaculture, 258: 344í 349.
LIU, W.; PEARCE, C.M.; ALABI, A.O.; BEERENS, A.;GURNEY-SMITH, H. 2011 Effects of stocking
density, ration, and temperature on growth of early post-settled juveniles of the basket cockle,
Clinocardium nuttallii. Aquaculture, 320(1í 2):129-136.
LOOSANOFF, V. e DAVIS, H.C. 1963 Rearing of bivalve larvae. Advances in Marine Biology, 1: 1-136.
LORA-VILCHIS, M.C. e MAEDA-MARTÍNEZ, A.N. 1997 Ingestion and digestion index of catarina
scallop Argopecten ventricosus circularis, Sowerby II, 1842, veliger larvae with ten microalgae
species. Aquaculture Research, 28(12): 905í 910.
LUZ, J.R. e BOEHS, G. 2011 Reproductive cycle of Anomalocardia brasiliana (Mullusca: Bivalvia:
Veneridae) in the estuary of the Cachoiera River, Ilhéus, Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 71(3):
679-686.
MARSHAL, R.; McKINLEY, S.; PEARCE, C.M. 2010 Effects of nutrition on larval growth and
survival in bivalves. Reviews in Aquaculture, 2:33-55.
MARTÍNEZ-FERNÁNDEZ, E.; ACOSTA-SALMÓN,H.; RANGEL-DÁVALOS, C. 2004 Ingestion and
digestion of 10 species of microalgae by winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna (Gould, 1851) larvae.
Aquaculture, 230: 417í 423.
MOUí"¹ZA, M.; GROS, O.; FRENKIEL, L. 1999 Embryonic, larval and postlarval development
of the tropical clam, Anomalocardia brasiliana (Bivalvia, Veneridae). Journal of Molluscan
Studies, 65: 73-88.
NARCHI, W. 1972 Comparative study of the functional morphology of Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) and Tivela mactroides (Born, 1778) (Bivalvia, Veneridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 22: 643-670.
NELL, J.A. e O’CONNOR, W.A. 1991 The evaluation of fresh algae and stored algal concentrates as a food source for Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale & Roughley), larvae.
Aquaculture, 99: 277í 284.
NELL, J.A.; O’CONNOR, W.A.; HEASMAN, M.P.; GOARD, L.J. 1994 Hatchery production for the
venerid clam Katelysia rhytiphora (Lamy) and the Sydney cockle Anadara trapezia (Deshayes).
Aquaculture, 119: 149í 156.
O`CONNOR, S.; MOLSCHANIWSKYJ, N.; BOLCH, C.J.S.; O`CONNOR, W. 2011 Dietary influence
on growth and development of flat oyster, Ostrea angasi (Sowerby, 1871), larvae. Aquaculture Research, 43(9): 1-11.
PERNET, F.; TREMBLAY, R.; BOURGET, E. 2003 Biochemical indicator of sea scallop (Placopecten
magellanicus) quality based on lipid class composition. Part II: larval growth, competency,and settlement. Journal of Shellfish Research, 22:377í 388.
RIOS, E.C. 2009 Compendium of Brazilian Sea Shells.Rio Grande, RS: Evangraf. 676p.
ROBERT, R.; HIS, E.; DINET, A. 1988 Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fed and
starved larvae of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis. Marine Biology, 97: 95-100.
RONQUILLO, J.D.; FRASER, J.; McCONKEY, A. 2012 Effect of mixed microalgal diets on growth
and polynsaturated fatty acid profile of European oyster (Ostrea edulis) juveniles. Aquaculture, 360-361: 64-68.
SOMMER, F.; STIBOR, H.; SOMMER, U.; VELIMIROV, B. 2000 Grazing by mesozooplankton from Kiel Bight, Baltic Sea, on different sized algae and natural seston size fractions. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 199: 43í 53.
SOUTHGATE, P.C. 2008 Pearl oyster culture. In: SOUTHGATE, P.C. e LUCAS, J. (eds.) The pearl
oyster. Elsevier 1st Ed., p.231-272.
SAS Institute Inc. 2003 SAS OnlineDoc® 9.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. THOMPSON, P.A.; GUO, M.; HARRISON, P.J. 1993 The influence of irradiance on the biochemical composition of three phytoplankton species and their nutritional value for larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Marine Biology, 117:259-268.
URIARTE, I.; FARIAS, A.; CASTILLA, J.C. 2001.Effect of antibiotic treatment during larval development of the Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus. Aquaculture Engineering, 25: 139í 147.
WHYTE, J.N.C.; BOURNE, N.; GINTHE, N.G. 1990 Biochemical and energy changes during embryogenesis in the rock scallop Crassadoma gigantea. Marine Biology, 106: 239í 244.
YAN, X.; ZHANG, G.; YANG, F. 2006 Effects of diet, stocking density, and environmental factors on
growth, survival, and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum larvae. Aquaculture,253(1): 350-358.
YAN, X.; ZHANG, Y.; HUO, Z.; YANG, F.; ZHANG,G. 2009 Effects of starvation on larval growth,
survival, and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29:
327-334.
natural diet of oyster larvae (Crassostrea virginica). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 120:
135í 145.
BAYNE, B.L. 1965 Growth and the delay of metamorphosis of the larvae of Mytilus edulis
(L.). Ophelia, 2: 1-47.
BAYNE, B.L.; THOMPSON R.J.; WIDDOWS, J. 1976 Physiology: I. In: BAYNE, B.L. (ed.) Marine
mussels: their ecology and physiology. London:Cambridge University Press. 506p.
BOEHS, G.; ABSHER, T.M.; CRUZ-KALED, A.C.2008 Ecologia populacional, reprodução e
contribuição em biomassa de Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) (Bivalvia:Veneridae) na
Baía de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34(2): 259-270.
BOEHS, G., VILLALBA, A.; CEUTA, L.O.; LUZ, J.R.2010 Parasites of three commercially exploited
bivalve mollusc species of the estuarine region of the Cachoeira River (Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil).
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 103: 43-47.
DA SILVA P.M.; MAGALHíES, A.R.M.;BARRACCO, M.A. 2012 Pathologies in commercial bivalve species from Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. Journal of Marine Biology,92: 571-579.
DEMING, C.J. e RUSSELL, M.P. 1999 Assessing manipulations of larval density and culling in hatchery production of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria. Journal of Shellfish Research, 18: 99-105.
FRENKIEL, L. e MOUí"¹ZA, M. 1979 Développement larvaire de deux Tellinacea, Scrobicularia plana
(Semelidae) et Donax vittatus (Donacidae).Marine Biology, 55: 187-195.
GALLAGER, S.M. e MANN, R. 1986 Growth and survival of larvae of Mercenaria mercenaria (L.)
and Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) relative to broodstock conditioning and lipid content of
eggs. Aquaculture, 56: 105í 121
GROS, O.; FRENKIEL, L.; MOUí"¹ZA, M. 1997 Embryonic, larval and post-larval development
in the symbiotic clam, Codakia orbicularis (Bivalvia: Lucinidae). Invertebrate Biology, 116:
86-101.
HELM, M.M. e LAING, I. 1987 Preliminary observations on the nutritional value of "Tahiti
Isochrysis†to bivalve larvae. Aquaculture, 62: 281-288.
HELM, M.M.; BOURNE, N.; LOVATELLI, A. 2004 Hatchery Culture of Bivalves. A Practical Manual.
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 471. FAO,Rome. 177p.
HIS, E.; ROBERT, R.; DINET, A. 1989 Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fed and
starved larvae of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the Japanese oyster
Crassostrea gigas. Marine Biology, 100: 455í 463.
JONES, G.G.; SANFORD, C.L.; JONES B.L. 1993 Manila Clams: Hatchery and Nursery Methods.
Innovative Aquaculture Products Ltd.. 70p.Disponível em: http://www.innovativeaqua.
com/Publication/clam.pdf Acesso em: 20 dez.2013.
LE PENNEC, M. e RANGEL-DAVALOS, C. 1985 Observations en microscopie a epifluorescence
de l’ingestion et de la digestion d’algues unicellulaires chez des jeunes larves de Pecten
maximus (Pectinidae, Bivalvia). Aquaculture, 47:39í 51.
LIU, B.Z.; DONG, B.; TANG, B.J.; ZHANG, T.;XIANG, J.H. 2006 Effect of stocking density on growth, settlement and survival of clam larvae, Meretrix meretrix. Aquaculture, 258: 344í 349.
LIU, W.; PEARCE, C.M.; ALABI, A.O.; BEERENS, A.;GURNEY-SMITH, H. 2011 Effects of stocking
density, ration, and temperature on growth of early post-settled juveniles of the basket cockle,
Clinocardium nuttallii. Aquaculture, 320(1í 2):129-136.
LOOSANOFF, V. e DAVIS, H.C. 1963 Rearing of bivalve larvae. Advances in Marine Biology, 1: 1-136.
LORA-VILCHIS, M.C. e MAEDA-MARTÍNEZ, A.N. 1997 Ingestion and digestion index of catarina
scallop Argopecten ventricosus circularis, Sowerby II, 1842, veliger larvae with ten microalgae
species. Aquaculture Research, 28(12): 905í 910.
LUZ, J.R. e BOEHS, G. 2011 Reproductive cycle of Anomalocardia brasiliana (Mullusca: Bivalvia:
Veneridae) in the estuary of the Cachoiera River, Ilhéus, Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 71(3):
679-686.
MARSHAL, R.; McKINLEY, S.; PEARCE, C.M. 2010 Effects of nutrition on larval growth and
survival in bivalves. Reviews in Aquaculture, 2:33-55.
MARTÍNEZ-FERNÁNDEZ, E.; ACOSTA-SALMÓN,H.; RANGEL-DÁVALOS, C. 2004 Ingestion and
digestion of 10 species of microalgae by winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna (Gould, 1851) larvae.
Aquaculture, 230: 417í 423.
MOUí"¹ZA, M.; GROS, O.; FRENKIEL, L. 1999 Embryonic, larval and postlarval development
of the tropical clam, Anomalocardia brasiliana (Bivalvia, Veneridae). Journal of Molluscan
Studies, 65: 73-88.
NARCHI, W. 1972 Comparative study of the functional morphology of Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) and Tivela mactroides (Born, 1778) (Bivalvia, Veneridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 22: 643-670.
NELL, J.A. e O’CONNOR, W.A. 1991 The evaluation of fresh algae and stored algal concentrates as a food source for Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale & Roughley), larvae.
Aquaculture, 99: 277í 284.
NELL, J.A.; O’CONNOR, W.A.; HEASMAN, M.P.; GOARD, L.J. 1994 Hatchery production for the
venerid clam Katelysia rhytiphora (Lamy) and the Sydney cockle Anadara trapezia (Deshayes).
Aquaculture, 119: 149í 156.
O`CONNOR, S.; MOLSCHANIWSKYJ, N.; BOLCH, C.J.S.; O`CONNOR, W. 2011 Dietary influence
on growth and development of flat oyster, Ostrea angasi (Sowerby, 1871), larvae. Aquaculture Research, 43(9): 1-11.
PERNET, F.; TREMBLAY, R.; BOURGET, E. 2003 Biochemical indicator of sea scallop (Placopecten
magellanicus) quality based on lipid class composition. Part II: larval growth, competency,and settlement. Journal of Shellfish Research, 22:377í 388.
RIOS, E.C. 2009 Compendium of Brazilian Sea Shells.Rio Grande, RS: Evangraf. 676p.
ROBERT, R.; HIS, E.; DINET, A. 1988 Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fed and
starved larvae of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis. Marine Biology, 97: 95-100.
RONQUILLO, J.D.; FRASER, J.; McCONKEY, A. 2012 Effect of mixed microalgal diets on growth
and polynsaturated fatty acid profile of European oyster (Ostrea edulis) juveniles. Aquaculture, 360-361: 64-68.
SOMMER, F.; STIBOR, H.; SOMMER, U.; VELIMIROV, B. 2000 Grazing by mesozooplankton from Kiel Bight, Baltic Sea, on different sized algae and natural seston size fractions. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 199: 43í 53.
SOUTHGATE, P.C. 2008 Pearl oyster culture. In: SOUTHGATE, P.C. e LUCAS, J. (eds.) The pearl
oyster. Elsevier 1st Ed., p.231-272.
SAS Institute Inc. 2003 SAS OnlineDoc® 9.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. THOMPSON, P.A.; GUO, M.; HARRISON, P.J. 1993 The influence of irradiance on the biochemical composition of three phytoplankton species and their nutritional value for larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Marine Biology, 117:259-268.
URIARTE, I.; FARIAS, A.; CASTILLA, J.C. 2001.Effect of antibiotic treatment during larval development of the Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus. Aquaculture Engineering, 25: 139í 147.
WHYTE, J.N.C.; BOURNE, N.; GINTHE, N.G. 1990 Biochemical and energy changes during embryogenesis in the rock scallop Crassadoma gigantea. Marine Biology, 106: 239í 244.
YAN, X.; ZHANG, G.; YANG, F. 2006 Effects of diet, stocking density, and environmental factors on
growth, survival, and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum larvae. Aquaculture,253(1): 350-358.
YAN, X.; ZHANG, Y.; HUO, Z.; YANG, F.; ZHANG,G. 2009 Effects of starvation on larval growth,
survival, and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29:
327-334.
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2018-07-07
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