Sobrevivência e crescimento de larvas do molusco de areia Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) em laboratório
Palavras-chave:
berbigão, vôngole, marisco, densidade, tempo de larvicultura, assentamento, alimentaçãoResumo
A elevada extração em estoques naturais e as alterações no meio ambiente têm comprometido as populações do molusco de areia Anomalocardia brasiliana, tornando cada vez mais necessário o desenvolvimento de tecnologias para a produção de sementes desse bivalve em laboratório. Com o objetivo de contribuir para a tecnologia de produção de sementes do berbigão em ambiente controlado, foram avaliadas a densidade e a dieta no cultivo larval e o tempo de larvicultura de A. brasiliana. Nas densidades de 10 e 30 larvas mL-1 foram obtidos os melhores valores de sobrevivência de larvas de A. brasiliana. Avaliando o tempo de larvicultura para assentamento, conclui-se que as larvas podem ser transferidas com 5 dias de cultivo e mantidas no assentamento na densidade de 25 larvas cm-2. Adicionalmente, larvas de A. brasiliana, alimentadas com dietas bialgais com as microalgas Chaetoceros muelleri e Nannocholopsis oculata e C. muelleri e Pavlova lutheri apresentaram melhores resultados de crescimento e sobrevivência.
Referências
BALDWIN, B.S. e NEWELL, R.I.E. 1995 Relative importance of different size food particles in the
natural diet of oyster larvae (Crassostrea virginica). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 120:
135í 145.
BAYNE, B.L. 1965 Growth and the delay of metamorphosis of the larvae of Mytilus edulis
(L.). Ophelia, 2: 1-47.
BAYNE, B.L.; THOMPSON R.J.; WIDDOWS, J. 1976 Physiology: I. In: BAYNE, B.L. (ed.) Marine
mussels: their ecology and physiology. London:Cambridge University Press. 506p.
BOEHS, G.; ABSHER, T.M.; CRUZ-KALED, A.C.2008 Ecologia populacional, reprodução e
contribuição em biomassa de Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) (Bivalvia:Veneridae) na
Baía de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34(2): 259-270.
BOEHS, G., VILLALBA, A.; CEUTA, L.O.; LUZ, J.R.2010 Parasites of three commercially exploited
bivalve mollusc species of the estuarine region of the Cachoeira River (Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil).
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 103: 43-47.
DA SILVA P.M.; MAGALHíES, A.R.M.;BARRACCO, M.A. 2012 Pathologies in commercial bivalve species from Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. Journal of Marine Biology,92: 571-579.
DEMING, C.J. e RUSSELL, M.P. 1999 Assessing manipulations of larval density and culling in hatchery production of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria. Journal of Shellfish Research, 18: 99-105.
FRENKIEL, L. e MOUí"¹ZA, M. 1979 Développement larvaire de deux Tellinacea, Scrobicularia plana
(Semelidae) et Donax vittatus (Donacidae).Marine Biology, 55: 187-195.
GALLAGER, S.M. e MANN, R. 1986 Growth and survival of larvae of Mercenaria mercenaria (L.)
and Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) relative to broodstock conditioning and lipid content of
eggs. Aquaculture, 56: 105í 121
GROS, O.; FRENKIEL, L.; MOUí"¹ZA, M. 1997 Embryonic, larval and post-larval development
in the symbiotic clam, Codakia orbicularis (Bivalvia: Lucinidae). Invertebrate Biology, 116:
86-101.
HELM, M.M. e LAING, I. 1987 Preliminary observations on the nutritional value of "Tahiti
Isochrysis†to bivalve larvae. Aquaculture, 62: 281-288.
HELM, M.M.; BOURNE, N.; LOVATELLI, A. 2004 Hatchery Culture of Bivalves. A Practical Manual.
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 471. FAO,Rome. 177p.
HIS, E.; ROBERT, R.; DINET, A. 1989 Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fed and
starved larvae of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the Japanese oyster
Crassostrea gigas. Marine Biology, 100: 455í 463.
JONES, G.G.; SANFORD, C.L.; JONES B.L. 1993 Manila Clams: Hatchery and Nursery Methods.
Innovative Aquaculture Products Ltd.. 70p.Disponível em: http://www.innovativeaqua.
com/Publication/clam.pdf Acesso em: 20 dez.2013.
LE PENNEC, M. e RANGEL-DAVALOS, C. 1985 Observations en microscopie a epifluorescence
de l’ingestion et de la digestion d’algues unicellulaires chez des jeunes larves de Pecten
maximus (Pectinidae, Bivalvia). Aquaculture, 47:39í 51.
LIU, B.Z.; DONG, B.; TANG, B.J.; ZHANG, T.;XIANG, J.H. 2006 Effect of stocking density on growth, settlement and survival of clam larvae, Meretrix meretrix. Aquaculture, 258: 344í 349.
LIU, W.; PEARCE, C.M.; ALABI, A.O.; BEERENS, A.;GURNEY-SMITH, H. 2011 Effects of stocking
density, ration, and temperature on growth of early post-settled juveniles of the basket cockle,
Clinocardium nuttallii. Aquaculture, 320(1í 2):129-136.
LOOSANOFF, V. e DAVIS, H.C. 1963 Rearing of bivalve larvae. Advances in Marine Biology, 1: 1-136.
LORA-VILCHIS, M.C. e MAEDA-MARTÍNEZ, A.N. 1997 Ingestion and digestion index of catarina
scallop Argopecten ventricosus circularis, Sowerby II, 1842, veliger larvae with ten microalgae
species. Aquaculture Research, 28(12): 905í 910.
LUZ, J.R. e BOEHS, G. 2011 Reproductive cycle of Anomalocardia brasiliana (Mullusca: Bivalvia:
Veneridae) in the estuary of the Cachoiera River, Ilhéus, Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 71(3):
679-686.
MARSHAL, R.; McKINLEY, S.; PEARCE, C.M. 2010 Effects of nutrition on larval growth and
survival in bivalves. Reviews in Aquaculture, 2:33-55.
MARTÍNEZ-FERNÁNDEZ, E.; ACOSTA-SALMÓN,H.; RANGEL-DÁVALOS, C. 2004 Ingestion and
digestion of 10 species of microalgae by winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna (Gould, 1851) larvae.
Aquaculture, 230: 417í 423.
MOUí"¹ZA, M.; GROS, O.; FRENKIEL, L. 1999 Embryonic, larval and postlarval development
of the tropical clam, Anomalocardia brasiliana (Bivalvia, Veneridae). Journal of Molluscan
Studies, 65: 73-88.
NARCHI, W. 1972 Comparative study of the functional morphology of Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) and Tivela mactroides (Born, 1778) (Bivalvia, Veneridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 22: 643-670.
NELL, J.A. e O’CONNOR, W.A. 1991 The evaluation of fresh algae and stored algal concentrates as a food source for Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale & Roughley), larvae.
Aquaculture, 99: 277í 284.
NELL, J.A.; O’CONNOR, W.A.; HEASMAN, M.P.; GOARD, L.J. 1994 Hatchery production for the
venerid clam Katelysia rhytiphora (Lamy) and the Sydney cockle Anadara trapezia (Deshayes).
Aquaculture, 119: 149í 156.
O`CONNOR, S.; MOLSCHANIWSKYJ, N.; BOLCH, C.J.S.; O`CONNOR, W. 2011 Dietary influence
on growth and development of flat oyster, Ostrea angasi (Sowerby, 1871), larvae. Aquaculture Research, 43(9): 1-11.
PERNET, F.; TREMBLAY, R.; BOURGET, E. 2003 Biochemical indicator of sea scallop (Placopecten
magellanicus) quality based on lipid class composition. Part II: larval growth, competency,and settlement. Journal of Shellfish Research, 22:377í 388.
RIOS, E.C. 2009 Compendium of Brazilian Sea Shells.Rio Grande, RS: Evangraf. 676p.
ROBERT, R.; HIS, E.; DINET, A. 1988 Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fed and
starved larvae of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis. Marine Biology, 97: 95-100.
RONQUILLO, J.D.; FRASER, J.; McCONKEY, A. 2012 Effect of mixed microalgal diets on growth
and polynsaturated fatty acid profile of European oyster (Ostrea edulis) juveniles. Aquaculture, 360-361: 64-68.
SOMMER, F.; STIBOR, H.; SOMMER, U.; VELIMIROV, B. 2000 Grazing by mesozooplankton from Kiel Bight, Baltic Sea, on different sized algae and natural seston size fractions. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 199: 43í 53.
SOUTHGATE, P.C. 2008 Pearl oyster culture. In: SOUTHGATE, P.C. e LUCAS, J. (eds.) The pearl
oyster. Elsevier 1st Ed., p.231-272.
SAS Institute Inc. 2003 SAS OnlineDoc® 9.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. THOMPSON, P.A.; GUO, M.; HARRISON, P.J. 1993 The influence of irradiance on the biochemical composition of three phytoplankton species and their nutritional value for larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Marine Biology, 117:259-268.
URIARTE, I.; FARIAS, A.; CASTILLA, J.C. 2001.Effect of antibiotic treatment during larval development of the Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus. Aquaculture Engineering, 25: 139í 147.
WHYTE, J.N.C.; BOURNE, N.; GINTHE, N.G. 1990 Biochemical and energy changes during embryogenesis in the rock scallop Crassadoma gigantea. Marine Biology, 106: 239í 244.
YAN, X.; ZHANG, G.; YANG, F. 2006 Effects of diet, stocking density, and environmental factors on
growth, survival, and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum larvae. Aquaculture,253(1): 350-358.
YAN, X.; ZHANG, Y.; HUO, Z.; YANG, F.; ZHANG,G. 2009 Effects of starvation on larval growth,
survival, and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29:
327-334.
natural diet of oyster larvae (Crassostrea virginica). Marine Ecology Progress Series, 120:
135í 145.
BAYNE, B.L. 1965 Growth and the delay of metamorphosis of the larvae of Mytilus edulis
(L.). Ophelia, 2: 1-47.
BAYNE, B.L.; THOMPSON R.J.; WIDDOWS, J. 1976 Physiology: I. In: BAYNE, B.L. (ed.) Marine
mussels: their ecology and physiology. London:Cambridge University Press. 506p.
BOEHS, G.; ABSHER, T.M.; CRUZ-KALED, A.C.2008 Ecologia populacional, reprodução e
contribuição em biomassa de Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) (Bivalvia:Veneridae) na
Baía de Paranaguá, Paraná, Brasil. Boletim do Instituto de Pesca, 34(2): 259-270.
BOEHS, G., VILLALBA, A.; CEUTA, L.O.; LUZ, J.R.2010 Parasites of three commercially exploited
bivalve mollusc species of the estuarine region of the Cachoeira River (Ilheus, Bahia, Brazil).
Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 103: 43-47.
DA SILVA P.M.; MAGALHíES, A.R.M.;BARRACCO, M.A. 2012 Pathologies in commercial bivalve species from Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil. Journal of Marine Biology,92: 571-579.
DEMING, C.J. e RUSSELL, M.P. 1999 Assessing manipulations of larval density and culling in hatchery production of the hard clam, Mercenaria mercenaria. Journal of Shellfish Research, 18: 99-105.
FRENKIEL, L. e MOUí"¹ZA, M. 1979 Développement larvaire de deux Tellinacea, Scrobicularia plana
(Semelidae) et Donax vittatus (Donacidae).Marine Biology, 55: 187-195.
GALLAGER, S.M. e MANN, R. 1986 Growth and survival of larvae of Mercenaria mercenaria (L.)
and Crassostrea virginica (Gmelin) relative to broodstock conditioning and lipid content of
eggs. Aquaculture, 56: 105í 121
GROS, O.; FRENKIEL, L.; MOUí"¹ZA, M. 1997 Embryonic, larval and post-larval development
in the symbiotic clam, Codakia orbicularis (Bivalvia: Lucinidae). Invertebrate Biology, 116:
86-101.
HELM, M.M. e LAING, I. 1987 Preliminary observations on the nutritional value of "Tahiti
Isochrysis†to bivalve larvae. Aquaculture, 62: 281-288.
HELM, M.M.; BOURNE, N.; LOVATELLI, A. 2004 Hatchery Culture of Bivalves. A Practical Manual.
FAO Fisheries Technical Paper No. 471. FAO,Rome. 177p.
HIS, E.; ROBERT, R.; DINET, A. 1989 Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fed and
starved larvae of the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis and the Japanese oyster
Crassostrea gigas. Marine Biology, 100: 455í 463.
JONES, G.G.; SANFORD, C.L.; JONES B.L. 1993 Manila Clams: Hatchery and Nursery Methods.
Innovative Aquaculture Products Ltd.. 70p.Disponível em: http://www.innovativeaqua.
com/Publication/clam.pdf Acesso em: 20 dez.2013.
LE PENNEC, M. e RANGEL-DAVALOS, C. 1985 Observations en microscopie a epifluorescence
de l’ingestion et de la digestion d’algues unicellulaires chez des jeunes larves de Pecten
maximus (Pectinidae, Bivalvia). Aquaculture, 47:39í 51.
LIU, B.Z.; DONG, B.; TANG, B.J.; ZHANG, T.;XIANG, J.H. 2006 Effect of stocking density on growth, settlement and survival of clam larvae, Meretrix meretrix. Aquaculture, 258: 344í 349.
LIU, W.; PEARCE, C.M.; ALABI, A.O.; BEERENS, A.;GURNEY-SMITH, H. 2011 Effects of stocking
density, ration, and temperature on growth of early post-settled juveniles of the basket cockle,
Clinocardium nuttallii. Aquaculture, 320(1í 2):129-136.
LOOSANOFF, V. e DAVIS, H.C. 1963 Rearing of bivalve larvae. Advances in Marine Biology, 1: 1-136.
LORA-VILCHIS, M.C. e MAEDA-MARTÍNEZ, A.N. 1997 Ingestion and digestion index of catarina
scallop Argopecten ventricosus circularis, Sowerby II, 1842, veliger larvae with ten microalgae
species. Aquaculture Research, 28(12): 905í 910.
LUZ, J.R. e BOEHS, G. 2011 Reproductive cycle of Anomalocardia brasiliana (Mullusca: Bivalvia:
Veneridae) in the estuary of the Cachoiera River, Ilhéus, Bahia. Brazilian Journal of Biology, 71(3):
679-686.
MARSHAL, R.; McKINLEY, S.; PEARCE, C.M. 2010 Effects of nutrition on larval growth and
survival in bivalves. Reviews in Aquaculture, 2:33-55.
MARTÍNEZ-FERNÁNDEZ, E.; ACOSTA-SALMÓN,H.; RANGEL-DÁVALOS, C. 2004 Ingestion and
digestion of 10 species of microalgae by winged pearl oyster Pteria sterna (Gould, 1851) larvae.
Aquaculture, 230: 417í 423.
MOUí"¹ZA, M.; GROS, O.; FRENKIEL, L. 1999 Embryonic, larval and postlarval development
of the tropical clam, Anomalocardia brasiliana (Bivalvia, Veneridae). Journal of Molluscan
Studies, 65: 73-88.
NARCHI, W. 1972 Comparative study of the functional morphology of Anomalocardia brasiliana (Gmelin, 1791) and Tivela mactroides (Born, 1778) (Bivalvia, Veneridae). Bulletin of Marine Science, 22: 643-670.
NELL, J.A. e O’CONNOR, W.A. 1991 The evaluation of fresh algae and stored algal concentrates as a food source for Sydney rock oyster, Saccostrea commercialis (Iredale & Roughley), larvae.
Aquaculture, 99: 277í 284.
NELL, J.A.; O’CONNOR, W.A.; HEASMAN, M.P.; GOARD, L.J. 1994 Hatchery production for the
venerid clam Katelysia rhytiphora (Lamy) and the Sydney cockle Anadara trapezia (Deshayes).
Aquaculture, 119: 149í 156.
O`CONNOR, S.; MOLSCHANIWSKYJ, N.; BOLCH, C.J.S.; O`CONNOR, W. 2011 Dietary influence
on growth and development of flat oyster, Ostrea angasi (Sowerby, 1871), larvae. Aquaculture Research, 43(9): 1-11.
PERNET, F.; TREMBLAY, R.; BOURGET, E. 2003 Biochemical indicator of sea scallop (Placopecten
magellanicus) quality based on lipid class composition. Part II: larval growth, competency,and settlement. Journal of Shellfish Research, 22:377í 388.
RIOS, E.C. 2009 Compendium of Brazilian Sea Shells.Rio Grande, RS: Evangraf. 676p.
ROBERT, R.; HIS, E.; DINET, A. 1988 Combined effects of temperature and salinity on fed and
starved larvae of the European flat oyster Ostrea edulis. Marine Biology, 97: 95-100.
RONQUILLO, J.D.; FRASER, J.; McCONKEY, A. 2012 Effect of mixed microalgal diets on growth
and polynsaturated fatty acid profile of European oyster (Ostrea edulis) juveniles. Aquaculture, 360-361: 64-68.
SOMMER, F.; STIBOR, H.; SOMMER, U.; VELIMIROV, B. 2000 Grazing by mesozooplankton from Kiel Bight, Baltic Sea, on different sized algae and natural seston size fractions. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 199: 43í 53.
SOUTHGATE, P.C. 2008 Pearl oyster culture. In: SOUTHGATE, P.C. e LUCAS, J. (eds.) The pearl
oyster. Elsevier 1st Ed., p.231-272.
SAS Institute Inc. 2003 SAS OnlineDoc® 9.1. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc. THOMPSON, P.A.; GUO, M.; HARRISON, P.J. 1993 The influence of irradiance on the biochemical composition of three phytoplankton species and their nutritional value for larvae of the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. Marine Biology, 117:259-268.
URIARTE, I.; FARIAS, A.; CASTILLA, J.C. 2001.Effect of antibiotic treatment during larval development of the Chilean scallop Argopecten purpuratus. Aquaculture Engineering, 25: 139í 147.
WHYTE, J.N.C.; BOURNE, N.; GINTHE, N.G. 1990 Biochemical and energy changes during embryogenesis in the rock scallop Crassadoma gigantea. Marine Biology, 106: 239í 244.
YAN, X.; ZHANG, G.; YANG, F. 2006 Effects of diet, stocking density, and environmental factors on
growth, survival, and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum larvae. Aquaculture,253(1): 350-358.
YAN, X.; ZHANG, Y.; HUO, Z.; YANG, F.; ZHANG,G. 2009 Effects of starvation on larval growth,
survival, and metamorphosis of Manila clam Ruditapes philippinarum. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 29:
327-334.
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2018-07-07
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Artigo científico
