Eugenol em juvenis de tilápia do Nilo: concentrações e administrações sucessivas
Palavras-chave:
aquicultura, estágios anestésicos, Oreochromis niloticusResumo
Diversos anestésicos são aplicados na aquicultura, tendo por finalidade reduzir o estresse dos peixes ocasionado pelo manejo. Na prática, o anestésico mais utilizado é a benzocaína, mas vários autores estão trabalhando com o eugenol. Assim, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi comparar a ação desses fármacos sobre os estágios anestésicos em Oreochromis niloticus e avaliar a ação da administração sucessiva de eugenol sobre os estágios anestésicos. No primeiro ensaio, os peixes (47,73 ± 8,73 g e 14,23 ± 0,81 cm) foram submetidos a cinco concentrações de eugenol (40, 60, 80, 100 e 120 mg L-1) e uma de benzocaína (100 mg L-1). As concentrações anestésicas testadas foram capazes de induzir os peixes a todos os estágios de anestesia e revelaram relação inversa entre os tempos de indução e o aumento das concentrações. A concentração mínima de eugenol para induzir anestesia foi de 100 mg L-1. No segundo ensaio, os juvenis (38,07 ± 5,00 g e 12,7 ± 0,54 cm) foram expostos í s concentrações de 60, 80, 100 mg L-1 de eugenol determinadas no primeiro ensaio. Avaliando as diferenças nos parí¢metros analisados entre os dias sucessivos, pode-se observar que não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) entre os estágios anestésicos nas concentrações de eugenol testadas, sugerindo que o resíduo de eugenol é eliminado do organismo do peixe em até 24 horas.
Referências
ANDERSON, W.G.; MCKINLEY, R.S.;COLAVECCHIA, M. 1997 The use of clove oil as
an anaesthetic for rainbow trout and its effects on swimming performance. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Narragansett, 17:301-307.
BARTON, B.A. 2000 Salmonid fishes differ in their cortisol and glucose responses to handling and transport stress. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Narragansett, 62(1):12-18.
BOOTH, N.H. 1988 Drug and chemical residues in the editle tissues of animals. In: BOOTH, N.H. e McDONALD, L.E. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6th ed. Iowa State University Press, Iowa, p.1149-1159.
BOWSER, P.R. 2001 Anesthetic options for fish. In: GLEED, R.D. e LUDDERS, J.W. Recent Advances in Veterinary and Analgesia: Companion animals. International Veterinary Information Service,Ithaca, Nova York, p.223-241.
CHANDROO, K.P.; DUNCAN, I.J.H.; MOCCIA,R.D. 2004 Can fish suffer?: Perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Vancouver, 86: 225-250.
CHO, G.K. e HEATH, D.D. 2000 Comparison of tricaine methanesulphonate (MS222) and clove oil anaesthesia effects on physiology of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Watbaum). Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 31:537-546.
COYLE, S.D.; DURBOROW, R.M.; TIDWELL, J.H. 2004 Anesthetics in aquaculture. Texas: SRAC, 6p.(SRAC Publications, 3900).
CUNHA, F.E.A. e ROSA, I.L. 2006 Anesthetic effects of clove oil on seven species of tropical reef teleosts. Journal of Fish Biology, Scotland, 69:1504-1512.
DELBON, M.C. 2006 Ação da benzocaína e do óleo de cravo sobre parí¢metros fisiológicos de tilápia, Oreochromis niloticus. Jaboticabal. 87p.(Dissertação de mestrado em Aquicultura.Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP). Disponível em:www.caunesp.unesp.br
DUNLOP, R. e LAMING, P. 2005 Mechanoreceptive and nociceptive responses in the central nervous system of goldfish (Carassius auratus) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The Journal of Pain,Seattle, 6(9): 561-568.
GOMES, L.C.; CHIPPARI-GOMES, A.R.; LOPES, N.P.; ROUBACH, R.; ARAUJO-LIMA, C.A.R. 2001 Efficacy of benzocaine as an anesthetic in juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, 32: 426-431.
GUENETTE, S.A.; UHLAND, F.C; HÉLIE, P.; BEAUDRY, F.; VACHON, P. 2007
Pharmacokinetics of eugenol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, Amsterdam,266(1-4): 262-265.
INOUE, L.A.K.A.; NETO, C.S.; MORAES, G. 2003 Clove oil anaesthetic for juveniles of matrinxã Brycon cephalus (Gunther, 1869). Ciência Rural,Santa Maria, 33(5): 943-947.
IWANA, G. e ACKERMAN, A. 1994 Anaesthetics. In: HOCHACHKA, P. e MOMMSEN, T. P.Analytical techniques in biochemistry and molecular biology of fishes. Amsterdan: Elsevier Science,3(1): 1-5.
KEENE, J.L.; NOAKES, D.L.G.; MOCCIA, R.D.;SOTO, C.G. 1998 The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research, Oxford,29: 89-101.
KILDEA, M.A.; ALLAN, G.L.; HEARNEY, R.E. 2004 Accumulation and clearance of the anesthetics clove oil and AQUI-Sâ"ž¢ from the edible tissue of silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 232: 265-277.
MARKING, L.L. e MEYER, F.P. 1985 Are better anesthetics needed in fisheries. Fisheries, 10(6): 2-5.
MARTINS, M.L. 2004 Manejo sanitário na piscicultura.In: RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.T.; TAKEMOTO, R.M.; LIZAMA, M.L.P. Sanidade de organismos aquáticos. São Paulo: Livraria Varela. pt. IV, cap.15, p.323-332.
MAZZAFERA, P. 2003 Efeito alelopático do extrato alcoólico do cravo-da-índia e eugenol. Revista Brasileira de Botí¢nica, São Paulo, 26: 231-238.
MYLONAS, C.C.; CARDINALETTI, G.; SIGELAKI,I.; POLZONETTI-MAGNI, A. 2005 Comparative efficacy of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol as anesthetics in the aquaculture of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea
bream (Sparus aurata) at different temperatures.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 246: 467-481.
PARK, M.O.; HUR, W.J.; IM, S.Y.; SEOL, D.W.; LEE, J.; PARK, I.S. 2008 Anaesthetic efficacy and physiological responses to clove oil anaesthetized kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 39: 877-884.
PEAKE, S. 1998 Sodium bicarbonate and clove oil as potencial anesthetics for nonsalmonid fishes. North American Journal of Fisheries Management,Narragansett, 18: 919-924.
ROSS, L.G. e ROSS, B. 1999 Anaesthetic and sedative techniques for aquatic animals, 2nd ed. Blackwell, London, UK. 159p.
ROSS, L.G.; ROSS, B. 2008 Anaesthetic and sedative techniques for aquatic animals. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 240p.
ROUBACH, R. e GOMES, L.C. 2001 O uso de anestésicos durante o manejo de peixes.
Panorama da Aqüicultura, Rio de Janeiro, 11(66):37-40.
ROUBACH, R.; GOMES, L.C.; LOURENí"¡O, J.N.P.; FONSECA, F.A.L.; SANTOS, P.J.O.; VAL, A.L. 2001 Efficacy of eugenol as an anesthetic in juvenile tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum. International Congress on biology of fishes. Tropical fish: news and news, Vancouver, p.93-96.
ROUBACH, R.; GOMES, L.C.; FONSECA, F.A.L.; VAL, A.L. 2005 Eugenol as an efficacious
anaesthetic for tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier). Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 36(11):1056í 1061.
SLADKY, K.K.; SWANSON, C.R.; STOSKOPF, M.K.; LOOMIS, M.R.; LEWBART, G.A. 2001
Comparative efficacy of tricaine methanesulfonate and clove oil for use as anesthetics in red pacu (Piaractus brachypomus).American Journal of Veterinary Research,Schaumburg, 62(3): 337-342.
SILVA, E.M.P.; OLIVEIRA, R.H.F.; RIBEIRO, M.A.R.;COPPOLA, M.P. 2009 Efeito anestésico do óleo de cravo em alevinos de lambari. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 39(6): 1851-1856.
SNEDDON, L.U. 2003 The evidence for pain in fish: the use of morphine as an analgesic. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Vancouver, 83: 153-162.
SOTO, C. e BURHANUDDIN, G. 1995 Clove oil as a fish anaesthetic for measuring length and weight of rabitfish (Siganus lineatus). Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 136: 149-152.
STONE, D. e TOSTIN, N. 1999 Clove bud oil a big yawn for silver perch. Fisherie NSW Maganize Spring, Sydney, 19: 30-34.
SUMMERFELT, R.C. e SMITH, L.S. 1990 Anaesthesia, surgery, and related techniques.
In: SCHRECK, C.B. e MOYLE, P.B. Methods for Fish Biology. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD. p.213-272.
TORT, L.; PUIGCERVER, M.; CRESPO, S.; PADRÓS,F. 2002 Cortisol e haematological response in sea bream and trout subjected to anaesthetics clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol. Aquaculture Research,Oxford, 33: 907-910.
TYTLER, P. e HAWKINS, A.D. 1981 Vivisection,anaesthetics and minor surgery. In: HAWKINS,A.D. Aquarium Systems. Academic Press, New York, NY. p.247-278.
VIDAL, L.V.O.; ALBINATI, R.C.B.; SANTOS NETO,E.B.; DEUS, B.T.; ALBINATI, A.C.L. 2007
Influência do peso de juvenis de matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) e tambaqui (Colossoma
macropomum) í ação anestésica do eugenol. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal,Salvador, 8(3): 212-216.
VIDAL, L.V.O.; ALBINATI, R.C.B.; ALBINATI, A.C.L.; LIRA; A.D.; ALMEIDA, T.R.; SANTOS,
G.B. 2008 Eugenol como anestésico para a tilápia-do-nilo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,Brasília, 43(8): 1069-1074.
WAGNER, E.; ARNDT, R.; HILTON, B. 2002 Physiological stress responses, egg survival
and sperm motility for rainbow trout broodstock anaesthetized with clove oil, tricaine methanesulfonate or carbon dioxide. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 211: 353-366.
WOODY, C.A.; NELSON, J.; RAMSTAD, K. 2002 Clove oil as an anaesthetic for adultsockeye salmon: field trails. Journal of Fish Biology,Scotland, 60: 340-347.
WALSH, C.T. e PEASE, B.C. 2002 The use of clove oil as an anaesthetic for the longfinned eel, Anguilla reinhardtii (Steindachner). Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 33: 627-635.
ZAR, J.H. 1996 Biostatistical Analysis. 3rd. Edition,Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. 662p.
an anaesthetic for rainbow trout and its effects on swimming performance. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Narragansett, 17:301-307.
BARTON, B.A. 2000 Salmonid fishes differ in their cortisol and glucose responses to handling and transport stress. North American Journal of Fisheries Management, Narragansett, 62(1):12-18.
BOOTH, N.H. 1988 Drug and chemical residues in the editle tissues of animals. In: BOOTH, N.H. e McDONALD, L.E. Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 6th ed. Iowa State University Press, Iowa, p.1149-1159.
BOWSER, P.R. 2001 Anesthetic options for fish. In: GLEED, R.D. e LUDDERS, J.W. Recent Advances in Veterinary and Analgesia: Companion animals. International Veterinary Information Service,Ithaca, Nova York, p.223-241.
CHANDROO, K.P.; DUNCAN, I.J.H.; MOCCIA,R.D. 2004 Can fish suffer?: Perspectives on sentience, pain, fear and stress. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Vancouver, 86: 225-250.
CHO, G.K. e HEATH, D.D. 2000 Comparison of tricaine methanesulphonate (MS222) and clove oil anaesthesia effects on physiology of juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Watbaum). Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 31:537-546.
COYLE, S.D.; DURBOROW, R.M.; TIDWELL, J.H. 2004 Anesthetics in aquaculture. Texas: SRAC, 6p.(SRAC Publications, 3900).
CUNHA, F.E.A. e ROSA, I.L. 2006 Anesthetic effects of clove oil on seven species of tropical reef teleosts. Journal of Fish Biology, Scotland, 69:1504-1512.
DELBON, M.C. 2006 Ação da benzocaína e do óleo de cravo sobre parí¢metros fisiológicos de tilápia, Oreochromis niloticus. Jaboticabal. 87p.(Dissertação de mestrado em Aquicultura.Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, UNESP). Disponível em:www.caunesp.unesp.br
DUNLOP, R. e LAMING, P. 2005 Mechanoreceptive and nociceptive responses in the central nervous system of goldfish (Carassius auratus) and trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The Journal of Pain,Seattle, 6(9): 561-568.
GOMES, L.C.; CHIPPARI-GOMES, A.R.; LOPES, N.P.; ROUBACH, R.; ARAUJO-LIMA, C.A.R. 2001 Efficacy of benzocaine as an anesthetic in juvenile tambaqui Colossoma macropomum. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society, Baton Rouge, 32: 426-431.
GUENETTE, S.A.; UHLAND, F.C; HÉLIE, P.; BEAUDRY, F.; VACHON, P. 2007
Pharmacokinetics of eugenol in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Aquaculture, Amsterdam,266(1-4): 262-265.
INOUE, L.A.K.A.; NETO, C.S.; MORAES, G. 2003 Clove oil anaesthetic for juveniles of matrinxã Brycon cephalus (Gunther, 1869). Ciência Rural,Santa Maria, 33(5): 943-947.
IWANA, G. e ACKERMAN, A. 1994 Anaesthetics. In: HOCHACHKA, P. e MOMMSEN, T. P.Analytical techniques in biochemistry and molecular biology of fishes. Amsterdan: Elsevier Science,3(1): 1-5.
KEENE, J.L.; NOAKES, D.L.G.; MOCCIA, R.D.;SOTO, C.G. 1998 The efficacy of clove oil as an anaesthetic for rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquaculture Research, Oxford,29: 89-101.
KILDEA, M.A.; ALLAN, G.L.; HEARNEY, R.E. 2004 Accumulation and clearance of the anesthetics clove oil and AQUI-Sâ"ž¢ from the edible tissue of silver perch (Bidyanus bidyanus). Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 232: 265-277.
MARKING, L.L. e MEYER, F.P. 1985 Are better anesthetics needed in fisheries. Fisheries, 10(6): 2-5.
MARTINS, M.L. 2004 Manejo sanitário na piscicultura.In: RANZANI-PAIVA, M.J.T.; TAKEMOTO, R.M.; LIZAMA, M.L.P. Sanidade de organismos aquáticos. São Paulo: Livraria Varela. pt. IV, cap.15, p.323-332.
MAZZAFERA, P. 2003 Efeito alelopático do extrato alcoólico do cravo-da-índia e eugenol. Revista Brasileira de Botí¢nica, São Paulo, 26: 231-238.
MYLONAS, C.C.; CARDINALETTI, G.; SIGELAKI,I.; POLZONETTI-MAGNI, A. 2005 Comparative efficacy of clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol as anesthetics in the aquaculture of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) and gilthead sea
bream (Sparus aurata) at different temperatures.Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 246: 467-481.
PARK, M.O.; HUR, W.J.; IM, S.Y.; SEOL, D.W.; LEE, J.; PARK, I.S. 2008 Anaesthetic efficacy and physiological responses to clove oil anaesthetized kelp grouper Epinephelus bruneus. Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 39: 877-884.
PEAKE, S. 1998 Sodium bicarbonate and clove oil as potencial anesthetics for nonsalmonid fishes. North American Journal of Fisheries Management,Narragansett, 18: 919-924.
ROSS, L.G. e ROSS, B. 1999 Anaesthetic and sedative techniques for aquatic animals, 2nd ed. Blackwell, London, UK. 159p.
ROSS, L.G.; ROSS, B. 2008 Anaesthetic and sedative techniques for aquatic animals. 3rd ed. Oxford: Blackwell Science, 240p.
ROUBACH, R. e GOMES, L.C. 2001 O uso de anestésicos durante o manejo de peixes.
Panorama da Aqüicultura, Rio de Janeiro, 11(66):37-40.
ROUBACH, R.; GOMES, L.C.; LOURENí"¡O, J.N.P.; FONSECA, F.A.L.; SANTOS, P.J.O.; VAL, A.L. 2001 Efficacy of eugenol as an anesthetic in juvenile tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum. International Congress on biology of fishes. Tropical fish: news and news, Vancouver, p.93-96.
ROUBACH, R.; GOMES, L.C.; FONSECA, F.A.L.; VAL, A.L. 2005 Eugenol as an efficacious
anaesthetic for tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum (Cuvier). Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 36(11):1056í 1061.
SLADKY, K.K.; SWANSON, C.R.; STOSKOPF, M.K.; LOOMIS, M.R.; LEWBART, G.A. 2001
Comparative efficacy of tricaine methanesulfonate and clove oil for use as anesthetics in red pacu (Piaractus brachypomus).American Journal of Veterinary Research,Schaumburg, 62(3): 337-342.
SILVA, E.M.P.; OLIVEIRA, R.H.F.; RIBEIRO, M.A.R.;COPPOLA, M.P. 2009 Efeito anestésico do óleo de cravo em alevinos de lambari. Ciência Rural, Santa Maria, 39(6): 1851-1856.
SNEDDON, L.U. 2003 The evidence for pain in fish: the use of morphine as an analgesic. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, Vancouver, 83: 153-162.
SOTO, C. e BURHANUDDIN, G. 1995 Clove oil as a fish anaesthetic for measuring length and weight of rabitfish (Siganus lineatus). Aquaculture,Amsterdam, 136: 149-152.
STONE, D. e TOSTIN, N. 1999 Clove bud oil a big yawn for silver perch. Fisherie NSW Maganize Spring, Sydney, 19: 30-34.
SUMMERFELT, R.C. e SMITH, L.S. 1990 Anaesthesia, surgery, and related techniques.
In: SCHRECK, C.B. e MOYLE, P.B. Methods for Fish Biology. American Fisheries Society, Bethesda, MD. p.213-272.
TORT, L.; PUIGCERVER, M.; CRESPO, S.; PADRÓS,F. 2002 Cortisol e haematological response in sea bream and trout subjected to anaesthetics clove oil and 2-phenoxyethanol. Aquaculture Research,Oxford, 33: 907-910.
TYTLER, P. e HAWKINS, A.D. 1981 Vivisection,anaesthetics and minor surgery. In: HAWKINS,A.D. Aquarium Systems. Academic Press, New York, NY. p.247-278.
VIDAL, L.V.O.; ALBINATI, R.C.B.; SANTOS NETO,E.B.; DEUS, B.T.; ALBINATI, A.C.L. 2007
Influência do peso de juvenis de matrinxã (Brycon cephalus) e tambaqui (Colossoma
macropomum) í ação anestésica do eugenol. Revista Brasileira de Saúde e Produção Animal,Salvador, 8(3): 212-216.
VIDAL, L.V.O.; ALBINATI, R.C.B.; ALBINATI, A.C.L.; LIRA; A.D.; ALMEIDA, T.R.; SANTOS,
G.B. 2008 Eugenol como anestésico para a tilápia-do-nilo. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira,Brasília, 43(8): 1069-1074.
WAGNER, E.; ARNDT, R.; HILTON, B. 2002 Physiological stress responses, egg survival
and sperm motility for rainbow trout broodstock anaesthetized with clove oil, tricaine methanesulfonate or carbon dioxide. Aquaculture, Amsterdam, 211: 353-366.
WOODY, C.A.; NELSON, J.; RAMSTAD, K. 2002 Clove oil as an anaesthetic for adultsockeye salmon: field trails. Journal of Fish Biology,Scotland, 60: 340-347.
WALSH, C.T. e PEASE, B.C. 2002 The use of clove oil as an anaesthetic for the longfinned eel, Anguilla reinhardtii (Steindachner). Aquaculture Research, Oxford, 33: 627-635.
ZAR, J.H. 1996 Biostatistical Analysis. 3rd. Edition,Prentice-Hall, Inc., Upper Saddle River, New Jersey, USA. 662p.
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2018-11-09
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