EFEITO DA FONTE DE PROTEÍNA E PROBIOTICO SOBRE TRATO INTESTINAL DO CAMARÃO BRANCO PACÍFICO Litopenaeus vannamei
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305.2018.44.4.371Palavras-chave:
Litopenaeus vannamei, nutrição, microbiota, bactérias ácido-lácticasResumo
Este trabalho objetivou avaliar viabilidade da suplementação de duas dietas ao camarão Litopenaeus vannamei com Lactobacillus plantarum. Uma usando farinha de peixe como fonte proteica e outra usando concentrado de proteico de soja, bem como o efeito destas formulações na microbiota intestinal de camarão. Para testar a viabilidade probiótica nas dietas, o número de UFC g-1 foi observado semanalmente ao longo de quatro semanas. A viabilidade de Lactobacillus plantarum em relação aos parí¢metros físicos das dietas, incluindo estabilidade, flutuabilidade e expansão, foram testados. O efeito das dietas na microbiota e na morfologia do trato intestinal foi determinado por meio de um experimento fatorial 2x2 (duas dietas, com ou sem suplementação), em triplicata, totalizando 12 unidades experimentais, com cinco animais por unidade, alimentados com 3,5% de biomassa por 17 dias. A concentração de bactérias do ácido láctico diminuiu ao longo do tempo, independentemente da fonte de proteína. A dieta com farinha de peixe como fonte proteica, independente da suplementação probiótica, apresentou boa estabilidade e não se desintegrou após quatro horas. Em contrapartida, dieta com concentrado proteico de soja, suplementado ou não, desintegrou-se entre 2,5 e 3 horas, apresentando baixa estabilidade. Todas as dietas apresentaram flutuabilidade de 0%. A taxa de expansão foi maior nas dietas com concentrado proteico de soja, mas sem influência da suplementação probiótica ou interação entre os fatores. No ensaio in vivo, ambas as dietas suplementadas apresentaram maior contagem de bactérias heterotróficas totais; no entanto, nenhuma diferença na contagem foi observada em dietas com diferentes fontes de proteína. Bactérias ácido-lácticas só foram observadas em dietas suplementadas com probiótico. A histologia do trato intestinal mostrou que todos intestinos tinham células intactas, bem desenvolvidas e organizadas, independentemente da dieta. Assim, L. plantarum, quando combinado com diferentes fontes proteicas, produziu efeitos similares na estrutura e microbiota do camarão marinho Litopenaeus vannamei.
Referências
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BARBIERI, E.; MEDEIROS, A.M.Z.; HENRIQUES, MB. 2016 Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of juvenile pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) in culture: temperature effects. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology , 49(1):19-25.
BELL, T.A.; LIGHTNER, D.V. 1988 A Handbook Of Normal Penaeid Shrimp Histology. World Aquaculture Society. 114p.
BOYD, C.E.; GAUTIER, D. 2000 Effluent composition and water quality standards. Global Aquaculture Alliance, 3(5): 61-66.
BUGLIONE, C.C.; PEDROTTI, F.; VIEIRA, F.N.; SEIFERT, W.Q.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.; MARTINS, M.L. 2008 Avaliação de bacterina e Lactobacillus plantarum frente í infecção experimental por Vibrio harveyi em pós-larvas de Litopenaeus vannamei. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 45(supl.): 40-45.
BUGLIONE-NETO, C.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.; VIEIRA, F.N.; SILVA, B.C; JATOBÁ, A.; SEIFFERT, W.; FRACALOSSI, D.M.; ANDREATTA, E. 2013 Métodos para determinação da digestibilidade aparente de dietas para camarão marinho suplementadas com probiótico. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48(8): 1021-1027.
CHAVEZ, N.N.G.; RAGAZA, J.A.; CORRE, V.L.; SERRANO, A.E.; TRAIFALGAR, R.F.M. 2016 Effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf protein concentrate as soybean protein replacement in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) postlarvae diet. Aquaculture Research, 47(8): 2642-2649.
CHIU, S.T.; WONG, S.L.; SHIU, Y.L.; CHIU, C.H.; GUEI, W.C.; LIU, C.H. 2016 Using a fermented mixture of soybean meal and earthworm meal to replace fish meal in the diet of white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Boone). Aquaculture Research, 47(11): 3489-3500.
CORREIA, E.S.; WILKENFELD, J.S.; MORRIS, T.C.; WEI, L.; PRANGNELL, D.I.; SAMOCHA, T.M. 2014 Intensive nursery production of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using two commercial feeds with high and low protein content in a biofloc-dominated system. Aquacultural Engineering, 59(1): 48-54.
FUCHS, R.H.B.; BORSATO, D.; BONA, E.; HAULY, M.C.O. 2005 "Iogurte†de soja suplementado com oligofrutose e inulina. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 25(1): 175-181.
FULLER, R. (Ed.). 2012 Probiotics: the scientific basis. Springer Science & Business Media. 397p.
GAINZA, O., RAMÍREZ, C., RAMOS, A. S., & ROMERO, J. 2018 Intestinal Microbiota of White Shrimp Penaeus vannamei Under Intensive Cultivation Conditions in Ecuador. Microbial ecology, 75(3), 562-568.
GAMBOA-DELGADO, J.; FERNÁNDEZ-DÍAZ, B.; NIETO-LÓPEZ, M.; CRUZ-SUÁREZ, L.E. 2016 Nutritional contribution of torula yeast and fish meal to the growth of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei as indicated by natural nitrogen stable isotopes. Aquaculture, 453: 116-121.
GATESOUPE, F.J. 1999 The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture, 180(1): 147-165.
HOOVER, D.G.; STEENSON, L.R. (Ed.). 2014 Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria. Academic Press: San Diego. 298p.
HOWARD, D.W.; LEWIS, E.J.; KELLER, B.J.; SMITH, C.S. 2004 Histological techniques for marine bivalve mollusks and crustaceans. 2ª ed. Oxford: NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 5. 218p.
JATOBÁ, A.; PEREIRA, M.O.; VIEIRA, L.M.; BITENCOURT, M.; RODRIGUES, E.; FACHINI, F.E.; MORAES, A.V. 2018 Action time and feed frequency of Lactobacillus plantarum for Nile tilapia. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 70(1): 327-332.
JATOBÁ, A.; SILVA, B.C.; VIEIRA, F.N.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; SEIFFERT, W.Q.; TOLEDO, T.M. 2014 Protein levels for Litopenaeus vannamei in semi-intensive and biofloc systems. Aquaculture, 432: 365-371.
JATOBÁ, A.; VIEIRA, F.N.; BUGLIONE-NETO, C.C.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; SILVA, B.C.; SEIFTTER, W.Q.; ANDREATTA, E.R. 2011 Diet supplemented with probiotic for Nile tilapia in polyculture system with marine shrimp. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 37(4): 725-732.
JATOBÁ, A.; VIEIRA, F.N.; NETO, C.B.; SILVA, B.C.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; JERÔNIMO, G.T.; DOTTA, G.; MARTINS, M.L. 2008 Utilização de bactérias ácido-lácticas isoladas do trato intestinal de tilápia-do-nilo como probiótico. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 43(9): 1201-1207.
JATOBÁ, A.; VIEIRA, F.N.; SILVA, B.C.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; SOARES, M.; SEIFFERT, W.Q. 2017 Replacement of fishmeal for soy protein concentrate in diets for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in biofloc-based rearing system. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46(9): 705-713.
KIM, Y.; ASHTON-ALCOX, K.A.; POWELL, E.N. 2006 Histological techniques for marine bivalve molluscs: update. Silver Spring: NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 27. 64p.
LEE, S.; KATYA, K.; PARK, Y.; WON, S.; SEONG, M.; BAI, S.C. 2017 Comparative evaluation of dietary probiotics Bacillus subtilis WB60 and Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3928 on the growth performance, immunological parameters, gut morphology and disease resistance in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 61: 201-210.
LIM, C.; DOMINY, W. 1990 Evaluation of soybean meal as a replacement for marine animal protein in diets for shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Aquaculture, 87(1): 53-63.
LUIS-VILLASENOR, I.E.; CASTELLANOS-CERVANTES, T.; GOMEZ-GIL, B.; CARRILLO-GARCÍA, Á.E.; CAMPA-CÓRDOVA, A.I.; ASCENCIO, F. 2013 Probiotics in the intestinal tract of juvenile whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: modulation of the bacterial community. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 29(2): 257-265.
MERRIFIELD, D.L.; BALCÁZAR, J.L.; DANIELS, C.; ZHOU, Z.; CARNEVALI, O.; SUN, Y.; HOSEINIFAR, S.H.; RINGíËœ, E. 2014 Indigenous lactic acid bacteria in fish and crustaceans. Aquaculture Nutrition: Gut Health, Probiotics and Prebiotics, 128-168.
MOSS, S.M.; MOSS, D.R.; ARCE, S.M.; LIGHTNER, D.V.; LOTZ, J.M. 2012 The role of selective breeding and biosecurity in the prevention of disease in penaeid shrimp aquaculture. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110(2): 247-250.
NAVINCHANDRAN, M.; IYAPPARAJ, P.; MOOVENDHAN, S.; RAMASUBBURAYAN, R.; PRAKASH, S.; IMMANUEL, G.; PALAVESAM, A. 2014 Influence of probiotic bacterium Bacillus cereus isolated from the gut of wild shrimp Penaeus monodon in turn as a potent growth promoter and immune enhancer in P. monodon. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 36(1): 38-45.
NRC - National Research Council. 2011 Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. National academies press.
O'BRYAN, C.A.; CRANDALL, P.G.; RICKE, S.C.; NDAHETUYE, J.B.; TAYLOR, T.M. 2015 7-Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as antimicrobials in food products: Analytical methods and applications. Handbook of Natural Antimicrobials for Food Safety and Quality, 15p.
SOARES, M.; FRACALOSSI, D.M.; FREITAS, L.E.L.D.; RODRIGUES, M.S.; REDIG, J.C.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; SEIFFERT, W.Q.; VIEIRA, F.N. 2015 Replacement of fish meal by protein soybean concentrate in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 44(10): 343-349.
SOOKYING, D.; DAVIS, D.A.; SOLLER DIAS DA SILVA, F. 2013 A review of the development and application of soybeanâ€Âbased diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Nutrition, 19(4): 441-448.
STANDEN, B.T.; RODILES, A.; PEGGS, D.L.; DAVIES, S.J.; SANTOS, G.A.; MERRIFIELD, D.L. 2015 Modulation of the intestinal microbiota and morphology of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, following the application of a multi-species probiotic. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 99(20): 8403-8417.
SUN, H.; TANG, J.W.; YAO, X.H.; WU, Y.F.; WANG, X.; LIU, Y. 2016 Effects of replacement of fish meal with fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance, body composition and haemolymph indexes of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931. Aquaculture Research, 47(8): 2623-2632.
VAN HAI, N. 2015 Research findings from the use of probiotics in tilapia aquaculture: a review. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 45(2): 592-597.
VIEIRA, F.N. BUGLIONE, C.C.; MOURIí"˜O, J.P.L.; JATOBÁ, A.; MARTINS, M.L.; SCHLEDER, D.D.; ANDREATTA, E.R.; BARRACO, M.A.; VINATEA, L.A. 2010 Effect of probiotic supplemented diet on marine shrimp survival after challenge with Vibrio harveyi. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 62(3): 631-638.
VIEIRA, F.N.; JATOBÁ, A.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; BUGLIONE NETO, C.C.; SILVA, J.S.D.; SEIFFERT, W.Q.; SOARES, M.; VINATEA, L.A. 2016 Use of probiotic-supplemented diet on a Pacific white shrimp farm. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 45(5): 203-207.
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VIEIRA, F.N.; NETO, C.C.B.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; JATOBÁ, A.; RAMIREZ, C.; MARTINS, M.L.; BARRACCO, M.A.A.M.; VINATEA, L.A. 2008 Time-related action of Lactobacillus plantarum in the bacterial microbiota of shrimp digestive tract and its action as immunostimulant. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 43(6): 763-769.
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ZOKAEIFAR, H.; BALCÁZAR, J.L.; SAAD, C.R.; KAMARUDIN, M.S.; SIJAM, K.; ARSHAD, A.; NEJAT, N. 2012 Effects of Bacillus subtilis on the growth performance, digestive enzymes, immune gene expression and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 33(4): 683-689.
BANSEMER, M.S.; FORDER, R.E.A.; HOWARTH, G.S.; SUITOR, G.M.; BOWYER, J.; STONE, D.A.J. 2015 The effect of dietary soybean meal and soy protein concentrate on the intestinal mucus layer and development of subacute enteritis in Yellowtail Kingfish (Seriola lalandi) at suboptimal water temperature. Aquaculture Nutrition, 21(3): 300-310.
BARBIERI, E.; MEDEIROS, A.M.Z.; HENRIQUES, MB. 2016 Oxygen consumption and ammonia excretion of juvenile pink shrimp (Farfantepenaeus paulensis) in culture: temperature effects. Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology , 49(1):19-25.
BELL, T.A.; LIGHTNER, D.V. 1988 A Handbook Of Normal Penaeid Shrimp Histology. World Aquaculture Society. 114p.
BOYD, C.E.; GAUTIER, D. 2000 Effluent composition and water quality standards. Global Aquaculture Alliance, 3(5): 61-66.
BUGLIONE, C.C.; PEDROTTI, F.; VIEIRA, F.N.; SEIFERT, W.Q.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.; MARTINS, M.L. 2008 Avaliação de bacterina e Lactobacillus plantarum frente í infecção experimental por Vibrio harveyi em pós-larvas de Litopenaeus vannamei. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 45(supl.): 40-45.
BUGLIONE-NETO, C.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.; VIEIRA, F.N.; SILVA, B.C; JATOBÁ, A.; SEIFFERT, W.; FRACALOSSI, D.M.; ANDREATTA, E. 2013 Métodos para determinação da digestibilidade aparente de dietas para camarão marinho suplementadas com probiótico. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48(8): 1021-1027.
CHAVEZ, N.N.G.; RAGAZA, J.A.; CORRE, V.L.; SERRANO, A.E.; TRAIFALGAR, R.F.M. 2016 Effects of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) leaf protein concentrate as soybean protein replacement in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone) postlarvae diet. Aquaculture Research, 47(8): 2642-2649.
CHIU, S.T.; WONG, S.L.; SHIU, Y.L.; CHIU, C.H.; GUEI, W.C.; LIU, C.H. 2016 Using a fermented mixture of soybean meal and earthworm meal to replace fish meal in the diet of white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei (Boone). Aquaculture Research, 47(11): 3489-3500.
CORREIA, E.S.; WILKENFELD, J.S.; MORRIS, T.C.; WEI, L.; PRANGNELL, D.I.; SAMOCHA, T.M. 2014 Intensive nursery production of the Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei using two commercial feeds with high and low protein content in a biofloc-dominated system. Aquacultural Engineering, 59(1): 48-54.
FUCHS, R.H.B.; BORSATO, D.; BONA, E.; HAULY, M.C.O. 2005 "Iogurte†de soja suplementado com oligofrutose e inulina. Ciência e Tecnologia de Alimentos, 25(1): 175-181.
FULLER, R. (Ed.). 2012 Probiotics: the scientific basis. Springer Science & Business Media. 397p.
GAINZA, O., RAMÍREZ, C., RAMOS, A. S., & ROMERO, J. 2018 Intestinal Microbiota of White Shrimp Penaeus vannamei Under Intensive Cultivation Conditions in Ecuador. Microbial ecology, 75(3), 562-568.
GAMBOA-DELGADO, J.; FERNÁNDEZ-DÍAZ, B.; NIETO-LÓPEZ, M.; CRUZ-SUÁREZ, L.E. 2016 Nutritional contribution of torula yeast and fish meal to the growth of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei as indicated by natural nitrogen stable isotopes. Aquaculture, 453: 116-121.
GATESOUPE, F.J. 1999 The use of probiotics in aquaculture. Aquaculture, 180(1): 147-165.
HOOVER, D.G.; STEENSON, L.R. (Ed.). 2014 Bacteriocins of lactic acid bacteria. Academic Press: San Diego. 298p.
HOWARD, D.W.; LEWIS, E.J.; KELLER, B.J.; SMITH, C.S. 2004 Histological techniques for marine bivalve mollusks and crustaceans. 2ª ed. Oxford: NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 5. 218p.
JATOBÁ, A.; PEREIRA, M.O.; VIEIRA, L.M.; BITENCOURT, M.; RODRIGUES, E.; FACHINI, F.E.; MORAES, A.V. 2018 Action time and feed frequency of Lactobacillus plantarum for Nile tilapia. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 70(1): 327-332.
JATOBÁ, A.; SILVA, B.C.; VIEIRA, F.N.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; SEIFFERT, W.Q.; TOLEDO, T.M. 2014 Protein levels for Litopenaeus vannamei in semi-intensive and biofloc systems. Aquaculture, 432: 365-371.
JATOBÁ, A.; VIEIRA, F.N.; BUGLIONE-NETO, C.C.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; SILVA, B.C.; SEIFTTER, W.Q.; ANDREATTA, E.R. 2011 Diet supplemented with probiotic for Nile tilapia in polyculture system with marine shrimp. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 37(4): 725-732.
JATOBÁ, A.; VIEIRA, F.N.; NETO, C.B.; SILVA, B.C.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; JERÔNIMO, G.T.; DOTTA, G.; MARTINS, M.L. 2008 Utilização de bactérias ácido-lácticas isoladas do trato intestinal de tilápia-do-nilo como probiótico. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 43(9): 1201-1207.
JATOBÁ, A.; VIEIRA, F.N.; SILVA, B.C.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; SOARES, M.; SEIFFERT, W.Q. 2017 Replacement of fishmeal for soy protein concentrate in diets for juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei in biofloc-based rearing system. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 46(9): 705-713.
KIM, Y.; ASHTON-ALCOX, K.A.; POWELL, E.N. 2006 Histological techniques for marine bivalve molluscs: update. Silver Spring: NOAA Technical Memorandum NOS NCCOS 27. 64p.
LEE, S.; KATYA, K.; PARK, Y.; WON, S.; SEONG, M.; BAI, S.C. 2017 Comparative evaluation of dietary probiotics Bacillus subtilis WB60 and Lactobacillus plantarum KCTC3928 on the growth performance, immunological parameters, gut morphology and disease resistance in Japanese eel, Anguilla japonica. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 61: 201-210.
LIM, C.; DOMINY, W. 1990 Evaluation of soybean meal as a replacement for marine animal protein in diets for shrimp (Penaeus vannamei). Aquaculture, 87(1): 53-63.
LUIS-VILLASENOR, I.E.; CASTELLANOS-CERVANTES, T.; GOMEZ-GIL, B.; CARRILLO-GARCÍA, Á.E.; CAMPA-CÓRDOVA, A.I.; ASCENCIO, F. 2013 Probiotics in the intestinal tract of juvenile whiteleg shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei: modulation of the bacterial community. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 29(2): 257-265.
MERRIFIELD, D.L.; BALCÁZAR, J.L.; DANIELS, C.; ZHOU, Z.; CARNEVALI, O.; SUN, Y.; HOSEINIFAR, S.H.; RINGíËœ, E. 2014 Indigenous lactic acid bacteria in fish and crustaceans. Aquaculture Nutrition: Gut Health, Probiotics and Prebiotics, 128-168.
MOSS, S.M.; MOSS, D.R.; ARCE, S.M.; LIGHTNER, D.V.; LOTZ, J.M. 2012 The role of selective breeding and biosecurity in the prevention of disease in penaeid shrimp aquaculture. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 110(2): 247-250.
NAVINCHANDRAN, M.; IYAPPARAJ, P.; MOOVENDHAN, S.; RAMASUBBURAYAN, R.; PRAKASH, S.; IMMANUEL, G.; PALAVESAM, A. 2014 Influence of probiotic bacterium Bacillus cereus isolated from the gut of wild shrimp Penaeus monodon in turn as a potent growth promoter and immune enhancer in P. monodon. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 36(1): 38-45.
NRC - National Research Council. 2011 Nutrient requirements of fish and shrimp. National academies press.
O'BRYAN, C.A.; CRANDALL, P.G.; RICKE, S.C.; NDAHETUYE, J.B.; TAYLOR, T.M. 2015 7-Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as antimicrobials in food products: Analytical methods and applications. Handbook of Natural Antimicrobials for Food Safety and Quality, 15p.
SOARES, M.; FRACALOSSI, D.M.; FREITAS, L.E.L.D.; RODRIGUES, M.S.; REDIG, J.C.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; SEIFFERT, W.Q.; VIEIRA, F.N. 2015 Replacement of fish meal by protein soybean concentrate in practical diets for Pacific white shrimp. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 44(10): 343-349.
SOOKYING, D.; DAVIS, D.A.; SOLLER DIAS DA SILVA, F. 2013 A review of the development and application of soybeanâ€Âbased diets for Pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture Nutrition, 19(4): 441-448.
STANDEN, B.T.; RODILES, A.; PEGGS, D.L.; DAVIES, S.J.; SANTOS, G.A.; MERRIFIELD, D.L. 2015 Modulation of the intestinal microbiota and morphology of tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, following the application of a multi-species probiotic. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 99(20): 8403-8417.
SUN, H.; TANG, J.W.; YAO, X.H.; WU, Y.F.; WANG, X.; LIU, Y. 2016 Effects of replacement of fish meal with fermented cottonseed meal on growth performance, body composition and haemolymph indexes of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei Boone, 1931. Aquaculture Research, 47(8): 2623-2632.
VAN HAI, N. 2015 Research findings from the use of probiotics in tilapia aquaculture: a review. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 45(2): 592-597.
VIEIRA, F.N. BUGLIONE, C.C.; MOURIí"˜O, J.P.L.; JATOBÁ, A.; MARTINS, M.L.; SCHLEDER, D.D.; ANDREATTA, E.R.; BARRACO, M.A.; VINATEA, L.A. 2010 Effect of probiotic supplemented diet on marine shrimp survival after challenge with Vibrio harveyi. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, 62(3): 631-638.
VIEIRA, F.N.; JATOBÁ, A.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; BUGLIONE NETO, C.C.; SILVA, J.S.D.; SEIFFERT, W.Q.; SOARES, M.; VINATEA, L.A. 2016 Use of probiotic-supplemented diet on a Pacific white shrimp farm. Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia, 45(5): 203-207.
VIEIRA, F.N.; JATOBÁ, A.; MOURIí"˜O, J.L.P.; VIEIRA, E.A.; SOARES, M.; SILVA, B.C.; SEIFFERT, W.Q.; MARTINS, M.L.; VINATEA, L.A. 2013 In vitro selection of bacteria with potential for use as probiotics in marine shrimp culture. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48(8): 998-1004.
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2018-12-26
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