PROTEIN HYDROLYSATE OF POULTRY BY-PRODUCT AND SWINE LIVER IN THE DIET OF PACIFIC WHITE SHRIMP
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2021.47.e657Keywords:
Litopenaeus vannamei;, animal by-products;, digestive enzymes;, metagenomics;, nutrition.Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the use of protein hydrolysate of poultry by-product and swine liver in the diet of Litopenaeus vannamei and its effect on the intestinal microbiota and on the enzymatic activity of the hepatopancreas. Shrimp (10.94 ± 0.90 g) were fed with diets containing 0%, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% of replacement of salmon by-product meal by protein hydrolysate, in triplicate. The hepatopancreas enzymatic activity and composition of intestinal microbiota was studied. It was observed that the protein hydrolysate in the diet changed the enzymatic activity of the shrimp when compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Amylase activity increases directly with the percent of protein replacement in the diet. Metagenomic analysis revealed change in the gut biome of the shrimps. The increasing levels of protein replacement provided greater richness in the 75% and 100% treatments, were mainly related to changes in the abundances in the families Rhodobacteraceae and Flavobacteriaceae. A reduction in the abundance of the Vibrionaceae family was observed with the inclusion of protein hydrolysate in the diet. These results indicate that the protein hydrolysate demonstrated beneficial changes when added at concentrations of 25% in the diet of L. vannamei.
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Gao, S.; Pan, L.; Huang, F.; Song, M.; Tian, M.; Zhang, M. 2019. Metagenomic insights into the structure and function of intestinal microbiota of the farmed Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). Aquaculture, 499(2): 109-118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.09.026.
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Hernández, C.; Olvera-Novoa, M.A.; Smith, D.M.; Hardy, R.W.; Gonzalez-Rodriguez, B. 2011. Enhancement of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei diets based on terrestrial protein sources via the inclusion of tuna by-product protein hydrolysates. Aquaculture, 317(1): 117-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.03.041.
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Hou, Y.; Wu, Z.; Dai, Z.; Wang, G.; Wu, G. 2017. Protein hydrolysates in animal nutrition: Industrial production, bioactive peptides, and functional significance. Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology, 8(1): 8-24. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-017-0153-9.
Izadpanah, A.; Gallo, R.L. 2005. Antimicrobial peptides. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology, 52(3): 381-390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaad.2004.08.026.
Izvekova, G.I. 2006. Hydrolytic activity of enzymes produced by symbiotic microflora and its role in digestion processes of bream and its intestinal parasite Caryophyllaeus laticeps (Cestoda, Caryophyllidea). The Biological Bulletin, 33(3): 287-292. https://doi.org/10.1134/S1062359006030125.
Kar, N.; Ghosh, K. 2008. Enzyme producing bacteria in the gastrointestinal tracts of Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and Channa punctatus (Bloch). Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 8(1): 115-120.
Kelly, C.; Salinas, I. 2017. Under pressure: interactions between commensal microbiota and the teleost immune system. Frontiers in Immunology, 8(1): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2017.00559.
Kim, S.W.; Less, J.F.; Wang, L.; Yan, T.; Kiron, V.; Kaushic, S.J.; Lei, X.G. 2018. Meeting global feed protein demand: challenge, opportunity, and strategy. Annual Review of Animal Biosciences, 7(2): 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014838.
Kirchman, D.L. 2002. The ecology of Cytophaga-Flavobacteria in aquatic environments. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 39(2): 91-100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00910.x.
Kristinsson, H.G.; Rasco, B.A. 2000. Fish protein hydrolysates: production, biochemical, and functional properties. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 40(1): 43-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/10408690091189266.
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