ATIVIDADE ANTIMICROBIANA IN VITRO DO CARVACROL CONTRA PATÓGENOS DE CAMARí-ES E SEU USO COMO ADITIVO ALIMENTAR NA DIETA DO CAMARÃO-BRANCO-DO-PACÍFICO
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2021.47.e645Palavras-chave:
aquaculture;, Litopenaeus vannamei;, essential oil;, food additive;, Vibrio.Resumo
O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o efeito in vitro do carvacrol contra diferentes microrganismos de importí¢ncia na carcinicultura e o seu efeito in vivo no desempenho zootécnico, imunológico, microbiológico e na resistência de Litopenaeus vannamei desafiados com Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A atividade antimicrobiana do carvacrol foi realizada in vitro pela análise da concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) e por disco de difusão em ágar, com bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram-positivas. Para o experimento in vivo foram adicionadas diferentes concentrações do carvacrol (1, 3, 4 e 6 mg mL-1) na alimentação dos camarões e uma dieta controle. Após quatro semanas, foram avaliados parí¢metros zootécnicos, imunológicos, microbiológicos e a resistência dos animais desafiados com V. parahaemolyticus. A CIM de Vibrio alginolyticus e Vibrio harveyi foi de 0,078 mg mL-1, enquanto nas demais bactérias foi de 0,156 mg mL-1 de carvacrol. Os maiores halos de inibição foram observados em V. parahaemolyticus e Vibrio harveyi e demonstraram diferenças significativas em relação aos demais microrganismos, exceto Escherichia coli. Os resultados in vivo não demonstraram diferenças significativas entre os tratamentos. Em conclusão, a atividade antimicrobiana do carvacrol foi confirmada com bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram-positivas e sugere-se que seu potencial antimicrobiano seja mais eficaz contra Vibrio spp. No entanto, as concentrações de carvacrol utilizadas in vivo não afetaram os parí¢metros avaliados.
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Fang, S.; Zhou, Q.; Hu, Y.; Liu, F.; Mei, J.; Xie, J. 2019. Antimicrobial carvacrol incorporated in flaxseed gum-sodium alginate active films to improve the quality attributes of Chinese sea bass (Lateolabrax maculatus) during cold storage. Molecules, 24(18): 1í 17. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24183292.
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FDA - Food and Drug Administration. 2017. CRF - Code of federal regulations title 21, 3: 25 - 26.
Garrett, W.S.; Gordon, J.I.; Glimcher, L.H. 2010. Homeostasis and Inflammation in the Intestine. Cell, 140 (6): 859í 870. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2010.01.023.
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Guarda, A.; Rubilar, J.F.; Miltz, J.; Galotto, M.J. 2011. The antimicrobial activity of microencapsulated thymol and carvacrol. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 146(2): 144í 150. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.02.011.
Guimarães, A.G.; Oliveira, G.F.; Melo, M.S.; Cavalcanti, S.C.H.; Antoniolli, A.R.; Bonjardim, L.R.; Silva, F.A.; Santos, J.P.; Rocha, R.F.; Moreira, J.C. F.; Araujo, A.A.S.; Gelain, D.P.; Quintans-junior, L.J. 2010. Bioassay-guided evaluation of antioxidant and antinociceptive activities of carvacrol. Basic and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, 107(6): 949í 957. https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-7843.2010.00609.x.
Hajlaoui, H.; Snoussi, M.; Noumi, E.; Zanetti, S.; Ksouri, R.; Bakhrouf A. 2010. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of the essential oils of five Tunisian aromatic plants. Italian Journal of Food Science, 22(3): 320í 329.
Inamuco, J.; Veenendaal, A.K.J.; Burt, S.A.; Post, J.A.; Bokhoven, J.L.M.T.V.; Haagsman, H.P.; Veldhuizen, E.J.A. 2012. Sub-lethal levels of carvacrol reduce Salmonella Typhimurium motility and invasion of porcine epithelial cells. Veterinary Microbiology, 157(1í 2): 200í 207. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2011.12.021.
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Lemos, M.F.; Lemos, M.F.; Pacheco, H.P.; Guimarães, A.C.; Fronza, M.; Endringer, D.C.; Scherer, R. 2017. Seasonal variation affects the composition and antibacterial and antioxidant activities of Thymus vulgaris. Industrial Crops and Products, 95: 543í 548. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2016.11.008.
Lima, D.S.; Lima, J.C.; Calvacanti, R.M.C.B.; Santos, B.H.C.; Lima, I.O. 2017. Estudo da atividade antibacteriana dos monoterpenos timol e carvacrol contra cepas de Escherichia coli produtoras de β-lactamases de amplo espectro. Revista Pan-Amazônica de Saúde, 8(1): 17í 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.5123/s2176-62232017000100003.
Maggioni, D.S; Andreatta, E.R.; Hermes, E.M.; Barracco, M.A. 2004. Evaluation of some hemato-immunological parameters in female shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei submitted to unilateral eyestalk ablation in association with a diet supplemented with superdoses of ascorbic acid as a form of immunostimulation. Aquaculture, 241(1í 4): 501í 515. https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(03)00530-1.
Marinelli, L.; Stefano, A.D.; Cacciatore, I. 2018. Carvacrol and its derivatives as antibacterial agents. Phytochemistry Reviews, 17(4): 903í 921. https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11101-018-9569-x.
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2021-09-13
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