Efeito das macroalgas Sargassum filipendula e Ascophyllum nodosum na resistência do camarão Litopenaeus vannamei ao choque hipotérmico
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2024.50.e854Palavras-chave:
Immunologia, Microbiologia, Extratos de algas, Cultivo de camarão, Estresse térmicoResumo
Este trabalho tinvestigou a resistência do camarão branco L. vannamei ao choque hipotérmico (CH) quando tratado com extratos das espécies de algas S. filipendula e A. nodosum, seja por banho de imersão para pós-larvas ou suplemento dietético para juvenis. Para análise da mortalidade pós-larval, pós-larvas de 17 dias de idade foram inseridas em água do mar com extrato de macroalgas nas concentrações de 20, 50, 100 e 200 mg L-1, seguido da aplicação de CH. Para análise da mortalidade juvenil, os camarões foram alimentados por 10 dias com a dieta controle ou tratamentos com extrato de macroalgas (concentrações de 0,5%, 2,0% e 4,0%), seguido da aplicação de CH. Para análise hemato-imunológica e microbiológica, os camarões foram alimentados durante 15 dias com uma dieta composta por ração acrescida de 5% das duas espécies de macroalgas ou sem, novamente seguida de CH. As amostras foram coletadas antes do início do choque térmico, imediatamente após o choque (0 h), e 1 e 24 h após o retorno à temperatura inicial. O extrato aquoso das macroalgas A. nodosum e S. filipendula nas concentrações de 100 mg L-1 e 200 mg L-1, respectivamente, melhora as taxas de sobrevivência de pós-larvas L. vannamei submetidas à CH. Para camarões juvenis, o CH causa imunodepressão significativa e reduz a comunidade bacteriana no intestino. A adição de macroalgas à ração não aumentou a taxa de sobrevivência e não afetou a microbiota intestinal de L. vannamei. No caso dos parâmetros imunológicos, ambas as espécies afetam positivamente o título de aglutinação.
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