DESEMPENHO DO CAMARÃO BRANCO PACÍFICO ALIMENTADO COM PROBIÓTICO <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> E <i>Bacillus</i> spp. EM SISTEMA BIOFLOCOS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20950/1678-2305/bip.2021.47.e652Palavras-chave:
Litopenaeus vannamei;, Vibrio spp.;, BFT;, microbiology.Resumo
O presente estudo avaliou o uso do probiótico endógeno Lactobacillus plantarum e do probiótico comercial contendo Bacillus spp. no cultivo de L. vannamei em sistema de bioflocos. Camarões foram alimentados com quatro dietas: L. plantarum, Bacillus spp., L. plantarum + Bacillus spp. e ração sem aditivos. Foram avaliados o crescimento, a qualidade da água e contagem microbiológica da água e do intestino dos camarões. O controle e o tratamento com L. plantarum apresentaram melhor desempenho de crescimento. O maior fator de conversão alimentar (FCA) e a menor sobrevivência foram obtidas no tratamento L. plantarum + Bacillus spp., apresentando valores de nitrito significativamente elevados. As contagens de Vibrio spp na água foram menores nos tratamentos L. plantarum e L. plantarum + Bacillus spp. e igualmente foram menores no intestino no tratamento com L. plantarum. As contagens de bactérias ácido lácticas (BAL) foram maiores no tratamento L. plantarum na água e no trato intestinal. A contagem de bactérias heterotróficas totais (BHT) diferiu apenas entre os tratamentos Bacillus spp. e L. plantarum + Bacillus spp., sendo maior no último grupo. No tratamento Bacillus spp., não foi detectada presença de BAL na água nem no trato intestinal. Concluímos que o uso de L. plantarum combinado com Bacillus spp. afetou negativamente a sobrevivência, o FCA e a qualidade da água, contudo o uso de L. plantarum isoladamente reduziu a presença de Vibrio spp., embora não tenha alterado o desempenho de crescimento de L. vannamei.
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APHA - American Public Health Association, American Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Association. 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (21st ed), American Public Health Association, Washington.
Arias-Moscoso, J.L.; Espinoza-Barrón, L.G.; Miranda-Baeza, A.; Rivas-Vega, M.E.; Nieves-Soto, M. 2018. Effect of commercial probiotics addition in a biofloc shrimp farm during the nursery phase in zero water exchange. Aquaculture Reports, 11: 47-52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqrep.2018.06.001.
Avnimelech, Y. 1999. Carbon/nitrogen ratio as control element in aquaculture systems. Aquaculture, 176(3-4): 227-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00085-X
Bernal, M.G.; Marrero, R.M.; Campa-Córdova, Á.I.; Mazón-Suástegui, J.M. 2017. Probiotic effect of Streptomyces strains alone or in combination with Bacillus and Lactobacillus in juveniles of the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture International, 25(2): 927-939. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-016-0085-y.
Boonthai, T.; Vuthiphandchai, V; Nimrat, S. 2011. Probiotic bacteria effects on growth and bacterial composition of black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon). Aquaculture Nutrition, 17(6): 634-644. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.2011.00865.x.
Diaz, R.J.; Rosenberg, R. 1995. Marine benthic hypoxia: a review of its ecological effects and the behavioural responses of benthic macrofauna. Oceanography and Marine Biology. An annual review, 33: 245-303.
Emerenciano, M.G.C.; Martínez-Córdova, L.R.; Martínez-Porchas, M.; Miranda-Baeza, A. 2017. Biofloc technology (BFT): a tool for water quality management in aquaculture. In: Tutu, H. (ed.). Water quality, chapter 5, pp. 2-109. https://doi.org/10.5772/66416.
FAO - Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. 2020. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture 2020. Sustainability in action. Rome, 224p. https://doi.org/10.4060/ca9229en.
Ferreira, G.S.; Bolívar, N.C.; Pereira, S.A.; Guertler, C.; Vieira, F.N.; Seiffert, W.Q. 2015. Microbial biofloc as source of probiotic bacteria for the culture of Litopenaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 448: 273-279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.06.006.
Franco, R.; Martín, L.; Arenal, A.; Santiesteban, D.; Sotolongo, J.; Cabrera, H.; Castillo, N.M. 2017. Evaluation of two probiotics used during farm production of white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei (Crustacea: Decapoda). Aquaculture Research, 48(4): 1936-1950. https://doi.org/10.1111/are.13031.
Furtado, P.S.; Poersch, L.H.; Wasielesky Jr, W. 2011. Effect of calcium hydroxide, carbonate and sodium bicarbonate on water quality and zootechnical performance of shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei reared in bio-flocs technology (BFT) systems. Aquaculture, 321(1-2): 130-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2011.08.034.
Gopal, S.; Otta, S.K.; Kumar, S.; Karunasagar, I.; Nishibuchi, M.; Karunasagar, I. 2005. The occurrence of Vibrio species in tropical shrimp culture environments; implications for food safety. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 102(2): 151-159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2004.12.011.
Gullian, M.; Thompson, F.; Rodriguez, J. 2004. Selection of probiotic bacteria and study of their immunostimulatory effect in Penaeus vannamei. Aquaculture, 233(1-4): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.09.013.
Hostins, B.; Lara, G.; Decamp, O.; Cesar, D.E.; Wasielesky Jr, W. 2017. Efficacy and variations in bacterial density in the gut of Litopenaeus vannamei reared in a BFT system and in clear water supplemented with a commercial probiotic mixture. Aquaculture, 480: 58-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.07.036.
Huerta-Rábago, J.A.; Martínez-Porchas, M.; Miranda-Baeza, A.; Nieves-Soto, M.; Rivas-Vega, M.E.; Martínez-Córdova, L.R. 2019. Addition of commercial probiotic in a biofloc shrimp farm of Litopenaeus vannamei during the nursery phase: effect on bacterial diversity using massive sequencing 16S rRNA. Aquaculture, 502: 391-399. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2018.12.055.
Jamal, M.T.; Abdulrahman, I.A.; Al Harbi, M.; Chithambaran, S. 2019. Probiotics as alternative control measures in shrimp aquaculture: A review. Journal of Applied Biology & Biotechnology, 7(3): 69-77. https://doi.org/10.7324/JABB.2019.70313.
Kewcharoen, W.; Srisapoome, P. 2019. Probiotic effects of Bacillus spp. from Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on water quality and shrimp growth, immune responses, and resistance to Vibrio parahaemolyticus (AHPND strains). Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 94: 175-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2019.09.013.
Knipe, H.; Temperton, B.; Lange, A.; Bass, D.; Tyler, C. R. 2021. Probiotics and competitive exclusion of pathogens in shrimp aquaculture. Reviews in Aquaculture, 13(1): 324-352. https://doi.org/10.1111/raq.12477.
Kongnum, K.; Hongpattarakere, T. 2012. Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from digestive tract of wild shrimp on growth and survival of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) challenged with Vibrio harveyi. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 32(1): 170-177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2011.11.008.
Krummenauer, D.; Samocha, T.; Poersch, L.; Lara, G.; Wasielesky, W., Jr. 2014. The reuse of water on the culture of pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei, in BFT System. Journal of World Aquaculture Society, 45(1): 3-14. https://doi.org/10.1111/jwas.12093.
Kumar, A.; Suresh Babu, P.P.; Roy, S.D.; Razvi, S.S.; Charan, R. 2014. Synergistic effects of two probiotic bacteria on growth, biochemical, and immunological responses of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931). The Israeli Journal of Aquaculture-Bamidgeh, 66: 1-8.
Lazado, C.C.; Caipang, C.M.A.; Estante, E.G. 2015. Prospects of host-associated microorganisms in fish and penaeids as probiotics with immunomodulatory functions. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 45(1): 2-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2015.02.023.
Merrifield, D.L.; Dimitroglou, A.; Foey, A.; Davies, S.J.; Baker, R.R.; Bí¸gwald, J.; Castex, M.; Ringí¸, E. 2010. The current status and future focus of probiotic and prebiotic applications for salmonids. Aquaculture, 302(1-2): 1-18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.02.007.
Nayak, S.K. 2010. Probiotics and immunity: a fish perspective. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 29(1): 2-14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2010.02.017.
Nguyen, T.T.G.; Nguyen, T.C.; Leelakriangsak, M.; Pham, T.T.; Pham, Q.H.; Lueangthuwapranit, C. 2018. Promotion of Lactobacillus plantarum on growth and resistance against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease pathogens in white-leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 48(1): 19-28.
Ramírez, N.B.; Seiffert, W.Q.; Vieira, F.D.N.; Mourino, J.L.P.; Jesus, G.F.A.; Ferreira, G.S.; Andreatta, E.R. 2013. Dieta suplementada com prebiótico, probiótico e simbiótico no cultivo de camarões marinhos. Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, 48(8): 913-919. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-204X2013000800015.
Ray, A.J.; Seaborn, G.; Leffler, J.W.; Wilde, S.B.; Lawson, A.; Browdy, C.L. 2010. Characterization of microbial communities in minimal-exchange, intensive aquaculture systems and the effects of suspended solids management. Aquaculture, 310(1-2): 130-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2010.10.019.
Ringí¸, E. 2020. Probiotics in shellfish aquaculture. Aquaculture and Fisheries, 5(1): 1-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aaf.2019.12.001.
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2021-09-13
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